{"id":50368475,"date":"2023-05-05T16:35:00","date_gmt":"2023-05-05T15:35:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/?p=368475"},"modified":"2023-07-13T16:53:11","modified_gmt":"2023-07-13T15:53:11","slug":"368050-indigenas-uwa-enfrentam-estado-colombiano-em-corte-internacional","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/pt-br\/justica\/368050-indigenas-uwa-enfrentam-estado-colombiano-em-corte-internacional\/","title":{"rendered":"Ind\u00edgenas U&#8217;wa enfrentam Estado colombiano em corte internacional"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap wp-block-paragraph\">Uma comunidade ind\u00edgena enfrentou o Estado colombiano em uma audi\u00eancia na Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos (Corte IDH), em um caso que pode servir de inspira\u00e7\u00e3o na luta pela prote\u00e7\u00e3o do meio ambiente e dos direitos ind\u00edgenas em toda a Am\u00e9rica Latina.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Numa audi\u00eancia de dois dias, os representantes do povo U&#8217;wa pediram ao tribunal internacional \u2014 que tem jurisdi\u00e7\u00e3o na maioria dos pa\u00edses latino-americanos \u2014 a condena\u00e7\u00e3o do Estado colombiano por danos ambientais e pelas&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/earthrights.org\/case\/nacion-uwa-contra-estado-colombia\/\">d\u00e9cadas de viola\u00e7\u00f5es<\/a>&nbsp;de seus direitos \u00e0 terra. Os ind\u00edgenas alegam que n\u00e3o foram consultados sobre os projetos de petr\u00f3leo e g\u00e1s em seu territ\u00f3rio.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Os U&#8217;wa re\u00fanem&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/minorityrights.org\/minorities\/uwa\/\">cerca de seis mil pessoas<\/a>&nbsp;que vivem no nordeste da Col\u00f4mbia, na fronteira com a Venezuela, zona que eles tamb\u00e9m habitaram historicamente. Seu territ\u00f3rio ancestral j\u00e1 cobriu cerca de 1,4 milh\u00e3o de hectares, mas essa \u00e1rea foi bastante reduzida nos \u00faltimos s\u00e9culos: agora, 22 comunidades U&#8217;wa vivem em uma fra\u00e7\u00e3o da terra que lhes pertencia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cQuando eles destroem nosso territ\u00f3rio, para n\u00f3s \u00e9 como morrer lentamente, \u00e9 como aceitar que a morte espiritual e cultural de nosso povo est\u00e1 muito pr\u00f3xima\u201d, disse Daris Mar\u00eda Cristancho, l\u00edder ind\u00edgena U&#8217;wa, \u00e0 corte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O t\u00e3o aguardado processo judicial ocorre ap\u00f3s d\u00e9cadas de resist\u00eancia dos U&#8217;wa contra amea\u00e7as \u00e0 sua cultura e exist\u00eancia \u2014 luta que os tornou um dos povos ind\u00edgenas mais conhecidos da Col\u00f4mbia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-pull-quote block--pull-quote\"><div class=\"block--pull-quote__wrapper\"><blockquote class=\"block--pull-quote__quote\">Quando destroem nosso territ\u00f3rio, \u00e9 como morrer lentamente, \u00e9 aceitar que a morte espiritual e cultural de nosso povo est\u00e1 pr\u00f3xima<\/blockquote><cite class=\"block--pull-quote__cite\">Daris Mar\u00eda Cristancho, l\u00edder ind\u00edgena U&#8217;wa<\/cite><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Desde os anos 1990, os U&#8217;wa protestam contra a explora\u00e7\u00e3o de combust\u00edveis f\u00f3sseis em seus territ\u00f3rios por multinacionais como a Shell e a Occidental Petroleum, organizando ocupa\u00e7\u00f5es e marchas, colaborando com organiza\u00e7\u00f5es socioambientais e at\u00e9 mesmo amea\u00e7ando&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu\/content\/uwa-people-block-occidental-petroleum-colombia-1995-2001\">sacrificar a pr\u00f3pria vida<\/a>&nbsp;pela causa \u2014 como fizeram seus ancestrais diante dos espanh\u00f3is.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Em 2016, os U&#8217;wa entraram com processo na Comiss\u00e3o Interamericana de Direitos Humanos (CIDH), acusando o Estado colombiano de viola\u00e7\u00f5es. A comiss\u00e3o decidiu em favor dos ind\u00edgenas em 2019 e fez uma s\u00e9rie de recomenda\u00e7\u00f5es ao governo para garantir os direitos dos povos origin\u00e1rios. Por\u00e9m, como essas exig\u00eancias n\u00e3o foram cumpridas, em 2020 o caso foi enviado \u00e0 Corte IDH e s\u00f3 agora est\u00e1 sendo julgado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cPe\u00e7o \u00e0 corte que respeite nosso lar, pois \u00e9 nossa cultura, nossa cosmovis\u00e3o\u201d, disse Daris Mar\u00eda Cristancho na audi\u00eancia. Ela pediu que \u201co territ\u00f3rio fosse devolvido ao povo U&#8217;wa\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-article-image aligncenter block--article-image block--article-image--wide\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><div class=\"block--article-image__column\"><div class=\"hide-expand block--article-image__image\"><img class=\"lazy\" data-src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/20230505_Uwa-people-at-the-Inter-American-Court-for-Human-Rights-hearing-in-Santiago.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/20230505_Uwa-people-at-the-Inter-American-Court-for-Human-Rights-hearing-in-Santiago-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/20230505_Uwa-people-at-the-Inter-American-Court-for-Human-Rights-hearing-in-Santiago-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/20230505_Uwa-people-at-the-Inter-American-Court-for-Human-Rights-hearing-in-Santiago.jpg 2560w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 768px, (max-width: 1024px) 1024px, 2560px\" alt=\"U\u2019wa people at the Inter-American Court for Human Rights hearing in Santiago, Chile. Their case was filed to the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights in 2016, but the commission raised it to the court after initial recommendations to the Colombian government were not fulfilled (Image: Jorge S\u00e1nchez \/ Earth Rights International)\"\/><\/div><div class=\"block--article-image__content\"><div itemprop=\"caption\" class=\"block--article-image__caption\">Povo U&#8217;wa na audi\u00eancia da Corte IDH, em Santiago do Chile. O caso foi apresentado \u00e0 CIDH em 2016, mas foi enviado ao tribunal ap\u00f3s alega\u00e7\u00f5es de que o Estado colombiano n\u00e3o havia cumprido as recomenda\u00e7\u00f5es da comiss\u00e3o (Imagem: Jorge S\u00e1nchez \/ Earth Rights International)<\/div><\/div><\/div><meta itemprop=\"contentUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/20230505_Uwa-people-at-the-Inter-American-Court-for-Human-Rights-hearing-in-Santiago.jpg\"\/><meta itemprop=\"contentSize\" content=\"2 MB\"\/><meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"1707\"\/><meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"2560\"\/><meta itemprop=\"author\"\/><meta itemprop=\"representativeOfPage\" content=\"true\"\/><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-luta-ind-gena-na-col-mbia\">Luta ind\u00edgena na Col\u00f4mbia<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na audi\u00eancia da Corte IDH, realizada entre 25 e 26 de abril em Santiago do Chile, Cristancho e outros membros da comunidade U&#8217;wa descreveram os problemas que enfrentam devido \u00e0 extra\u00e7\u00e3o de g\u00e1s e petr\u00f3leo em suas terras. Isso inclui os projetos Magallanes e Gibraltar, coordenados pela estatal colombiana Ecopetrol, bem como os oleodutos que passam por seu territ\u00f3rio. Eles tamb\u00e9m se dizem afetados pela presen\u00e7a de grupos armados em seu territ\u00f3rio e pela expuls\u00e3o de suas terras \u2014 fen\u00f4meno conhecido na Col\u00f4mbia como&nbsp;<em>desplazamiento<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cO governo autoriza projetos extrativistas em seu territ\u00f3rio desde a d\u00e9cada de 1990\u201d, lembra Wyatt Gjullin, advogado da Earth Rights, organiza\u00e7\u00e3o que defende a causa dos U&#8217;wa, em entrevista ao&nbsp;<em>Di\u00e1logo Chino<\/em>. \u201cAgora, o maior oleoduto do pa\u00eds,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bnamericas.com\/es\/perfil-proyecto\/oleoducto-cano-limon-covenas-cano-limon-covenas#:~:text=Descripci%C3%B3n%3A%20Construido%20en%201986%20por,caribe%C3%B1o%20de%20Cove%C3%B1as%2C%20en%20Colombia.\">Ca\u00f1o Lim\u00f3n-Cove\u00f1as<\/a>, atravessa suas terras, assim como um gasoduto. Ambos polu\u00edram o meio ambiente e contaminaram as fontes de \u00e1gua\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Desde que assumiu o cargo em agosto do ano passado, o presidente colombiano Gustavo Petro fez v\u00e1rias&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ZiMSK4vPnHk&amp;ab_channel=PresidenciadelaRep%C3%BAblica-Colombia\">declara\u00e7\u00f5es em apoio<\/a>&nbsp;\u00e0 prote\u00e7\u00e3o de terras ind\u00edgenas, inclusive em eventos internacionais. Essas preocupa\u00e7\u00f5es apareceram em&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/petro.presidencia.gov.co\/prensa\/Paginas\/Presidente-Petro-propone-rehacer-la-Carta-Democratica-de-la-Organizacion-230419.aspx\">seu discurso<\/a>&nbsp;na Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o dos Estados Americanos (OEA), em abril. \u201cSe n\u00e3o houver equil\u00edbrio com a natureza, deixaremos de existir, como dizem os povos ind\u00edgenas\u201d, disse Petro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Martha Luc\u00eda Zamora, diretora da Ag\u00eancia Nacional de Defesa Jur\u00eddica do Estado \u2014 equivalente \u00e0 Advocacia-Geral da Uni\u00e3o no Brasil \u2014 disse que o Estado colombiano estava aberto a um di\u00e1logo com os U&#8217;wa, mas n\u00e3o reconhece sua responsabilidade pelas viola\u00e7\u00f5es dos direitos humanos. \u201cDevemos nos comprometer a caminhar lado a lado, com vontade pol\u00edtica, aceitando as mudan\u00e7as culturais e a evolu\u00e7\u00e3o social\u201d, defendeu Zamora na audi\u00eancia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A comunidade U&#8217;wa j\u00e1 havia&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/es.mongabay.com\/2016\/07\/comunidad-uwa-autoridades-colombianas-llegan-acuerdos-poner-fin-protesta-estacion-ecopetrol\/\">assinado acordos<\/a>&nbsp;com o governo colombiano em 2014 e 2016. Na \u00e9poca, os documentos deram fim \u00e0s manifesta\u00e7\u00f5es dos ind\u00edgenas contra projetos de petr\u00f3leo e g\u00e1s. No entanto, as disputas continuam: atualmente, h\u00e1&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.infobae.com\/colombia\/2023\/01\/22\/purga-entre-el-gobierno-y-los-indigenas-uwa-por-regeneracion-de-proyectos-petroleros\/\">nove contratos<\/a>&nbsp;em an\u00e1lise para reativa\u00e7\u00e3o de projetos petrol\u00edferos em todo o pa\u00eds, ap\u00f3s terem sido suspensos por protestos de comunidades afetadas. O governo Petro&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/elpais.com\/america-colombia\/2023-01-19\/la-ministra-de-minas-reitera-que-no-se-firmaran-nuevos-contratos-de-exploracion-de-petroleo-y-gas.html\">prometeu<\/a>&nbsp;n\u00e3o conceder novos contratos de petr\u00f3leo e g\u00e1s na Col\u00f4mbia, mas afirmou que respeitaria os contratos existentes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<a class=\"wp-block-cd-related-news alignright block--related-news loading\" data-post-id=\"50362390\"><div class=\"block--related-news__image\"><\/div><div class=\"block--related-news__content\"><span class=\"block--related-news__heading\">Recommended<\/span><span class=\"block--related-news__title\"><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ebaristo Tegr\u00eda, advogado e professor U&#8217;wa, disse ao&nbsp;<em>Di\u00e1logo Chino<\/em>&nbsp;que seu povo quer ser o \u00fanico a decidir sobre o que acontece em suas terras. \u201cTodos os projetos extrativistas devem ser cancelados\u201d, defendeu Tegr\u00eda. \u201cA Ecopetrol j\u00e1 tem tr\u00eas projetos em nossa terra e agora quer iniciar um quarto. O governo s\u00f3 pensa em gerar receita\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No ano passado, Petro mobilizou o Congresso colombiano para a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancilleria.gov.co\/newsroom\/news\/presidente-gustavo-petro-sanciona-ley-aprueba-acuerdo-escazu#:~:text=Presidente%20Gustavo%20Petro%20sanciona%20la%20ley%20que%20aprueba%20el%20Acuerdo%20de%20Escaz%C3%BA,-2022%2D11%2D05&amp;text=Bogot%C3%A1%2C%205%20de%20noviembre%20de%202022.\">ratifica\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a>&nbsp;do Acordo de Escaz\u00fai. O tratado latino-americano estabelece padr\u00f5es regionais sobre o direito de acesso \u00e0 informa\u00e7\u00e3o e participa\u00e7\u00e3o em quest\u00f5es ambientais. A ratifica\u00e7\u00e3o do acordo aguarda a confirma\u00e7\u00e3o final do Tribunal Constitucional do pa\u00eds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para Tegr\u00eda, no entanto, a implementa\u00e7\u00e3o do Acordo de Escaz\u00fa parece distante: a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/pt-br\/mudanca-climatica-e-energia-pt-br\/64765-escazu-desafios-ratificacao-acordo\/\">realidade de ativistas ambientais<\/a>&nbsp;ainda \u00e9 desafiadora. \u201cO governo nos disse em audi\u00eancias p\u00fablicas, antes de iniciar um novo projeto petrol\u00edfero, que a decis\u00e3o era deles, n\u00e3o nossa\u201d, acrescentou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ainda n\u00e3o h\u00e1 data definida para que a Corte Interamericana se pronuncie sobre o caso. No entanto, Tegr\u00eda espera uma decis\u00e3o favor\u00e1vel que beneficie n\u00e3o apenas os U&#8217;wa, mas tamb\u00e9m outros povos e organiza\u00e7\u00f5es ind\u00edgenas: \u201cA Col\u00f4mbia tem 115 povos ind\u00edgenas e cada um tem seus problemas. A decis\u00e3o pode abrir um precedente e mostrar a outras comunidades que elas podem lutar por seus direitos\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A decis\u00e3o da corte tamb\u00e9m pode estabelecer um precedente legal para sistemas judiciais de toda a Am\u00e9rica Latina. \u201cO que a Corte [Interamericana] diz pode ter um grande impacto legal\u201d, disse Wyatt Gjullin, da Earth Rights. \u201cIsso se torna parte da legisla\u00e7\u00e3o nacional dos estados-membros. Isso pode fortalecer os direitos das comunidades ind\u00edgenas em toda a regi\u00e3o\u201d.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Povo U&#8217;wa contesta projetos petrol\u00edferos e denuncia viola\u00e7\u00f5es de direitos humanos e do direito \u00e0 terra em caso hist\u00f3rico para a Am\u00e9rica Latinaark case for Latin America<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1072,"featured_media":50368459,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_has_post_settings":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[50039934],"tags":[50029724,50003604,50029973,50004529],"hashtags":[],"country":[50003532],"class_list":["post-50368475","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-justica","tag-direitos-a-terra","tag-direitos-humanos","tag-petroleo-pt-br","tag-povos-indigenas","country-colombia-pt-br"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Ind\u00edgenas U&#039;wa enfrentam a Col\u00f4mbia em corte internacional<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Povo U&#039;wa contesta projetos petrol\u00edferos e denuncia viola\u00e7\u00f5es de direitos humanos e do direito \u00e0 terra em caso hist\u00f3rico para a Am\u00e9rica Latina\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/pt-br\/justica\/368050-indigenas-uwa-enfrentam-estado-colombiano-em-corte-internacional\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Indigenous group takes on Colombian government in court\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Povo U&#039;wa contesta projetos petrol\u00edferos e denuncia 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name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Indigenous group takes on Colombian government in court\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/pt-br\/justica\/368050-indigenas-uwa-enfrentam-estado-colombiano-em-corte-internacional\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/pt-br\/justica\/368050-indigenas-uwa-enfrentam-estado-colombiano-em-corte-internacional\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Lushan Huang\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/pt-br\/#\/schema\/person\/0c346145d8caa19f208165af1cb3210b\"},\"headline\":\"Ind\u00edgenas U&#8217;wa enfrentam Estado colombiano em corte 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