{"id":50371940,"date":"2023-06-22T18:13:26","date_gmt":"2023-06-22T15:13:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dialogochino.net\/?p=371940"},"modified":"2023-06-22T18:13:32","modified_gmt":"2023-06-22T15:13:32","slug":"371869-america-latina-frei-demarcacao-territorios-indigenas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/pt-br\/justica\/371869-america-latina-frei-demarcacao-territorios-indigenas\/","title":{"rendered":"Am\u00e9rica Latina freia demarca\u00e7\u00e3o de territ\u00f3rios ind\u00edgenas"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

A Am\u00e9rica Latina est\u00e1 atrasada na demarca\u00e7\u00e3o e no reconhecimento legal dos direitos \u00e0 terra de povos ind\u00edgenas, quilombolas e outras comunidades tradicionais, segundo um novo relat\u00f3rio<\/a> da Rights and Resources Initiative (RRI), coaliz\u00e3o de mais de 150 organiza\u00e7\u00f5es. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2015 e 2020, foram demarcados 102,8 milh\u00f5es de hectares de terras para comunidades tradicionais no mundo. J\u00e1 na Am\u00e9rica Latina, em 2020, a \u00e1rea total demarcada atingiu apenas 21 milh\u00f5es de hectares. Isso representa menos de 1% do territ\u00f3rio dos 16 pa\u00edses latino-americanos inclu\u00eddos no relat\u00f3rio \u2014 avan\u00e7o lento, considerando as conquistas recentes sobre direitos territoriais na regi\u00e3o. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mesmo em \u00e1reas demarcadas, as comunidades enfrentam a inseguran\u00e7a fundi\u00e1ria devido \u00e0s constantes invas\u00f5es a suas terras \u2014 geralmente, por conflitos com fazendeiros, grileiros, madeireiros, garimpeiros e narcotraficantes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nos pa\u00edses latino-americanos, 79% das terras s\u00e3o de propriedade do Estado ou privada, diz o relat\u00f3rio. Enquanto isso, 17,6% pertence a comunidades quilombolas ou ind\u00edgenas, e 3,2% s\u00e3o destinadas para uso coletivo dessas popula\u00e7\u00f5es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As \u00e1reas de uso coletivo aumentaram em quatro milh\u00f5es de hectares de 2015 a 2020, passando de 3% para 3,2% do territ\u00f3rio total. Enquanto isso, as terras que de fato pertencem a essas comunidades tiveram expans\u00e3o de 17 milh\u00f5es de hectares \u2014 indo de 16,7% a 17,6% do total.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cA Am\u00e9rica Latina lidera o reconhecimento legal dos direitos \u00e0 terra e \u00e0s florestas para as comunidades tradicionais. Mas, desde 2015, a regi\u00e3o passa por um per\u00edodo de estagna\u00e7\u00e3o\u201d, avalia Chloe Ginsburg, analista s\u00eanior da RRI. \u201cOs governos locais ainda resistem \u00e0 prote\u00e7\u00e3o dos direitos dessas comunidades\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A maioria dos pa\u00edses latino-americanos analisados tem pelo menos um marco legal em vigor para reconhecer os direitos coletivos \u00e0 terra. No entanto, os governos da regi\u00e3o n\u00e3o est\u00e3o implementando esses dispositivos corretamente, alerta o relat\u00f3rio. L\u00edderes comunit\u00e1rios ainda enfrentam amea\u00e7as e ataques de ind\u00fastrias extrativistas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na Costa Rica, Levi Sucre Romero, coordenador da Rede Ind\u00edgena Bribri e Cabecar (Ribca), diz que o governo n\u00e3o est\u00e1 implementando a Lei Ind\u00edgena sancionada h\u00e1 mais de 40 anos<\/a>: \u201cTemos um problema s\u00e9rio de conflitos e viol\u00eancia devido \u00e0 ina\u00e7\u00e3o do governo\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Desafios para a Am\u00e9rica Latina<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Mesmo em \u00e1reas j\u00e1 demarcadas, muitas comunidades tradicionais n\u00e3o conseguem exercer a posse da terra com seguran\u00e7a. As invas\u00f5es de seus territ\u00f3rios s\u00e3o encorajadas at\u00e9 mesmo por quem est\u00e1 no governo. O principal exemplo disso foi o ex-presidente brasileiro Jair Bolsonaro, que reduziu as prote\u00e7\u00f5es<\/a> para as comunidades ind\u00edgenas.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Enquanto isto, os povos origin\u00e1rios travam batalhas legais para proteger suas terras. No Peru, comunidades ind\u00edgenas da Amaz\u00f4nia e dos Andes entraram com a\u00e7\u00f5es judiciais<\/a> para suspender concess\u00f5es de explora\u00e7\u00e3o petrol\u00edfera e minera\u00e7\u00e3o que n\u00e3o realizaram as devidas consultas p\u00fablicas. Na Guatemala<\/a>, comunidades que receberam autoriza\u00e7\u00e3o de uso de terras na d\u00e9cada de 1990 tiveram de se mobilizar para garantir a renova\u00e7\u00e3o das licen\u00e7as.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Precisamos que governos n\u00e3o priorizem interesses econ\u00f4micos em detrimento de nossas vidas<\/blockquote>Levi Sucre Romero, coordenador da coaliz\u00e3o ind\u00edgena Ribca, na Costa Rica<\/cite><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

A defesa das terras de uso coletivo tamb\u00e9m custou a vida de ativistas \u2014 mais na Am\u00e9rica Latina do que no resto do mundo. Entre 2012 e 2021, ao menos 1.733 ambientalistas foram mortos em todo o mundo, 1.155 deles (66%) na Am\u00e9rica Latina, conforme o \u00faltimo relat\u00f3rio da Global Witness<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cPrecisamos expandir os direitos das comunidades tradicionais para atingir as metas de desenvolvimento sustent\u00e1vel, o Acordo de Paris e o novo marco global da biodiversidade. Embora haja certo progresso a n\u00edvel global, a escala e o ritmo das demarca\u00e7\u00f5es s\u00e3o insuficientes para atingir esses objetivos\u201d, diz Ginsburg.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>
LEIA MAIS<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e1 algumas hist\u00f3rias bem-sucedidas na regi\u00e3o. No Panam\u00e1, um processo na Suprema Corte reconheceu os direitos do povo ind\u00edgena Naso Tj\u00ebr Di<\/a> a mais de 160 mil hectares de terras e, na Guiana, o governo reconheceu a prote\u00e7\u00e3o da \u00e1rea ind\u00edgena Kanashen<\/a>, maior e \u00fanica do tipo no pa\u00eds, cobrindo 3% do territ\u00f3rio nacional. O local \u00e9 lar do povo Wai Wai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Em outros pa\u00edses da Am\u00e9rica Latina, as comunidades tradicionais tamb\u00e9m obtiveram vit\u00f3rias importantes nos tribunais, mas elas ainda n\u00e3o se traduziram em mudan\u00e7as efetivas. A Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos, por exemplo, reconheceu<\/a> os direitos \u00e0 terra de comunidades na Argentina, no Suriname e em Honduras, mas nenhuma dessas decis\u00f5es chegou a ser implementada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOs governos acham que os combust\u00edveis f\u00f3sseis e as hidrel\u00e9tricas v\u00e3o tirar as pessoas da pobreza e, por isso, destinam terras, que geralmente s\u00e3o as nossas, a esses projetos\u201d, diz Levi Sucre, da Ribca. \u201cTemos leis suficientes na Am\u00e9rica Latina para expandir os direitos de posse das comunidades. Precisamos que elas sejam aplicadas e que os governos n\u00e3o priorizem os interesses econ\u00f4micos em detrimento de nossas vidas\u201d.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Menos de 1% das terras da regi\u00e3o foram destinadas a povos origin\u00e1rios entre 2015 e 2020, diz novo relat\u00f3rio<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50000563,"featured_media":50371874,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_has_post_settings":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[50039934],"tags":[50029724,50003604,50004529],"hashtags":[],"country":[50003524,50041258,50003526,50003533,50029555,50003562,50003536,50003537,50003538,50003539,50003541,50003540],"class_list":["post-50371940","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-justica","tag-direitos-a-terra","tag-direitos-humanos","tag-povos-indigenas","country-argentina-pt-br","country-belize-pt-br","country-brasil-pt-br","country-costa-rica-pt-br","country-el-salvador-pt-br","country-guatemala","country-guiana","country-honduras-pt-br","country-mexico-pt-br","country-nicaragua-pt-br","country-panama-pt-br","country-peru-pt-br"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAm\u00e9rica Latina freia 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