{"id":50374054,"date":"2023-07-13T20:05:48","date_gmt":"2023-07-13T19:05:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dialogochino.net\/?p=374054"},"modified":"2023-07-19T22:29:27","modified_gmt":"2023-07-19T21:29:27","slug":"373933-colombia-eolica-offshore-impactos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/pt-br\/energia\/373933-colombia-eolica-offshore-impactos\/","title":{"rendered":"Col\u00f4mbia acelera e\u00f3licas offshore, mas sem avaliar impactos"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u201cO vento e a for\u00e7a de nossos mares nos colocam em uma posi\u00e7\u00e3o privilegiada para a instala\u00e7\u00e3o de projetos de energia e\u00f3lica, o que nos permitir\u00e1 ser o primeiro pa\u00eds da Am\u00e9rica Latina a produzir essa energia offshore\u201d, disse a ministra de Minas e Energia da Col\u00f4mbia, Irene V\u00e9lez, no fim de maio, ao <a href=\"https:\/\/forbes.co\/2023\/05\/08\/actualidad\/colombia-hara-subasta-para-proyectos-de-energia-eolica-en-el-mar-caribe\">anunciar<\/a> o primeiro leil\u00e3o para o setor no Caribe colombiano.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Poucos dias depois, o governo lan\u00e7ou uma <a href=\"https:\/\/www.minenergia.gov.co\/es\/micrositios\/energ%C3%ADa-e%C3%B3lica-costa-afuera\/\">plataforma<\/a> para divulgar o processo de implementa\u00e7\u00e3o da iniciativa. O portal apresenta <a href=\"https:\/\/www.minenergia.gov.co\/static\/ruta-eolica-offshore\/src\/document\/Espa%C3%B1ol%20Hoja%20de%20ruta%20energ%C3%ADa%20e%C3%B3lica%20costa%20afuera%20en%20Colombia%20VE.pdf\">um relat\u00f3rio<\/a> do ano passado encomendado pelo Banco Mundial e <a href=\"https:\/\/www.minenergia.gov.co\/static\/ruta-eolica-offshore\/src\/document\/resumen%20Off-Shore%20espa%C3%B1ol.pdf\">os planos<\/a> deixados pela administra\u00e7\u00e3o anterior.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>De acordo com V\u00e9lez, os \u00faltimos detalhes da licita\u00e7\u00e3o devem ficar prontos em agosto. As empresas escolhidas <a href=\"https:\/\/www.minenergia.gov.co\/es\/micrositios\/energ%C3%ADa-e%C3%B3lica-costa-afuera\/primera-ronda\/\">ter\u00e3o at\u00e9 oito anos<\/a> para realizar os estudos necess\u00e1rios e viabilizar os projetos \u2014 a partir da\u00ed, poder\u00e3o <a href=\"https:\/\/normativame.minenergia.gov.co\/normatividad\/6223\/norma\/\">solicitar as concess\u00f5es mar\u00edtimas<\/a> para executar as obras e operar as turbinas por um prazo de 30 anos, prorrog\u00e1veis por mais 15.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Apesar dos esfor\u00e7os por parte do governo, ainda h\u00e1 muitos desafios para que a energia e\u00f3lica offshore vire realidade na Col\u00f4mbia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-article-image aligncenter block--article-image block--article-image--article\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><div class=\"block--article-image__column\"><div class=\"block--article-image__image\"><img class=\"lazy\" data-src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/IreneVelez_Guajira_Ministerio-Minas-Energia-Colombia.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/IreneVelez_Guajira_Ministerio-Minas-Energia-Colombia-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/IreneVelez_Guajira_Ministerio-Minas-Energia-Colombia-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/IreneVelez_Guajira_Ministerio-Minas-Energia-Colombia.jpg 2560w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 768px, (max-width: 1024px) 1024px, 2560px\" alt=\"Una mujer con un vestido habla a trav\u00e9s de un micr\u00f3fono rodeada de comunidades wayuu\"\/><\/div><div class=\"block--article-image__content\"><div itemprop=\"caption\" class=\"block--article-image__caption\">Ministra de Minas e Energia da Col\u00f4mbia, Irene V\u00e9lez, discute projetos de energia renov\u00e1vel com comunidades ind\u00edgenas Wayuu no departamento de La Guajira, norte do pa\u00eds (Imagem: Minist\u00e9rio de Minas e Energia da Col\u00f4mbia)<\/div><\/div><\/div><meta itemprop=\"contentUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/IreneVelez_Guajira_Ministerio-Minas-Energia-Colombia.jpg\"\/><meta itemprop=\"contentSize\" content=\"2 MB\"\/><meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"1707\"\/><meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"2560\"\/><meta itemprop=\"author\"\/><meta itemprop=\"representativeOfPage\" content=\"true\"\/><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-projetos-de-renov-veis-parados\">Projetos de renov\u00e1veis parados<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Dos 80 projetos de energia renov\u00e1vel n\u00e3o convencional (e\u00f3lica e solar) previstos para entrar em opera\u00e7\u00e3o na Col\u00f4mbia em 2023 e 2024, apenas 28 avan\u00e7am sem problemas, segundo um <a href=\"https:\/\/ser-colombia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/REVISTA-2.pdf\">relat\u00f3rio<\/a> recente da SER Col\u00f4mbia, associa\u00e7\u00e3o do setor de energia renov\u00e1vel. Os demais est\u00e3o atrasados devido a conflitos socioambientais ou legais.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Entre eles, est\u00e1 o <a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/pt-br\/mudanca-climatica-e-energia-pt-br\/368855-parques-eolicos-comunidades-indigenas-colombia\/\">projeto e\u00f3lico Windpeshi<\/a>, da Enel Col\u00f4mbia, localizado no departamento de La Guajira, no extremo norte do pa\u00eds. Em 24 de maio, a empresa anunciou a suspens\u00e3o por tempo indeterminado do projeto ap\u00f3s uma s\u00e9rie de conflitos com as comunidades ind\u00edgenas Wayuu, habitantes ancestrais desse territ\u00f3rio.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<a class=\"wp-block-cd-related-news alignright block--related-news loading\" data-post-id=\"50369238\"><div class=\"block--related-news__image\"><\/div><div class=\"block--related-news__content\"><span class=\"block--related-news__heading\">LEIA MAIS<\/span><span class=\"block--related-news__title\"><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n<p>J\u00e1 o <a href=\"https:\/\/www.portafolio.co\/economia\/infraestructura\/se-ha-avanzado-un-98-porciento-en-las-consultas-previas-en-la-guajira-sobre-proyecto-colectora-584007\">Colectora<\/a>, obra que levaria a energia de sete parques e\u00f3licos em La Guajira para o resto do pa\u00eds, vem sendo adiado h\u00e1 tr\u00eas anos. Outras iniciativas de energia renov\u00e1vel t\u00eam dificuldades de se conectar \u00e0 rede el\u00e9trica nacional.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Potencial nos oceanos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate-energy\/56207-latin-america-offshore-wind-farms-future-of-energy\/\">energia e\u00f3lica offshore<\/a> tem se mostrado uma fonte alternativa promissora no mundo todo. S\u00f3 em 2021, a expans\u00e3o da capacidade instalada global de usinas e\u00f3licas offshore mais do que triplicou, atingindo n\u00fameros recordes: foram 21,1 novos gigawatts (GW) em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com os 6,1 GW adicionais em 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A Col\u00f4mbia est\u00e1 entre as na\u00e7\u00f5es com um dos maiores potenciais de energia e\u00f3lica no mundo. \u201cSomos os \u00fanicos da Am\u00e9rica do Sul com dois oceanos e temos um territ\u00f3rio mar\u00edtimo enorme, equivalente a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.invemar.org.co\/50-mar\">quase 50% do pa\u00eds<\/a>\u201d, diz a ocean\u00f3grafa Andrea Devis-Morales, especializada em energia offshore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-pull-quote block--pull-quote\"><div class=\"block--pull-quote__wrapper\"><blockquote class=\"block--pull-quote__quote\">Somos os \u00fanicos da Am\u00e9rica do Sul com dois oceanos e temos um territ\u00f3rio mar\u00edtimo enorme, equivalente a quase 50% do pa\u00eds<\/blockquote><cite class=\"block--pull-quote__cite\">Andrea Devis-Morales, ocean\u00f3grafa<\/cite><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Devis-Morales trabalha em uma pesquisa na Universidade Nacional de Medell\u00edn para avaliar o potencial de energia renov\u00e1vel nos mares da Col\u00f4mbia. Seu estudo avalia n\u00e3o apenas a for\u00e7a do vento, mas tamb\u00e9m das ondas e correntes mar\u00edtimas, bem como a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irena.org\/publications\/2014\/Jun\/Ocean-Thermal-Energy-Conversion\">convers\u00e3o de energia t\u00e9rmica<\/a> e a chamada energia azul, obtida pela diferen\u00e7a na <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irena.org\/publications\/2014\/Jun\/Salinity-gradient\">concentra\u00e7\u00e3o de sal entre \u00e1gua do mar e dos rios<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A pesquisadora enfatiza que o vento tem uma vantagem sobre as outras fontes: \u201cO gradiente t\u00e9rmico e o salino ainda n\u00e3o s\u00e3o suficientemente avan\u00e7ados tecnologicamente. J\u00e1 a tecnologia para extrair energia do vento avan\u00e7ou muito, assim como para manter as plataformas flutuando no mar, apesar das fortes varia\u00e7\u00f5es clim\u00e1ticas e meteorol\u00f3gicas\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Quest\u00f5es n\u00e3o resolvidas<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Embora o governo colombiano esteja confiante de que v\u00e1 concluir o leil\u00e3o caribenho em um futuro pr\u00f3ximo, as regras da disputa ainda t\u00eam lacunas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>O marco regulat\u00f3rio espec\u00edfico para a atividade vem sendo debatido desde 2020. O <a href=\"https:\/\/www.minenergia.gov.co\/static\/ruta-eolica-offshore\/src\/document\/Espa%C3%B1ol%20Hoja%20de%20ruta%20energ%C3%ADa%20e%C3%B3lica%20costa%20afuera%20en%20Colombia%20VE.pdf\">plano<\/a> nacional de energia e\u00f3lica offshore foi publicado em maio de 2022, detalhando seu potencial e os desafios a m\u00e9dio e longo prazo. Em agosto passado, o governo publicou <a href=\"https:\/\/normativame.minenergia.gov.co\/normatividad\/6223\/norma\/\">uma resolu\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a> que estabelece as normas e os requisitos para a outorga de licen\u00e7as de ocupa\u00e7\u00e3o tempor\u00e1ria numa primeira etapa de desenvolvimento dos projetos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-article-image aligncenter block--article-image block--article-image--wide\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><div class=\"block--article-image__column\"><div class=\"block--article-image__image\"><img class=\"lazy\" data-src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/20230710_eolica_offshore_PT-1.png\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/20230710_eolica_offshore_PT-1-768x510.png 768w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/20230710_eolica_offshore_PT-1-1024x680.png 1024w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/20230710_eolica_offshore_PT-1.png 2560w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 768px, (max-width: 1024px) 1024px, 2560px\" alt=\"\"\/><\/div><div class=\"block--article-image__content\"><div itemprop=\"caption\" class=\"block--article-image__caption\">Observa\u00e7\u00e3o: As \u2018\u00e1reas de relev\u00e2ncia ambiental\u2019 incluem \u00e1reas de import\u00e2ncia para a biodiversidade e os oceanos, al\u00e9m de \u00e1reas nacionais protegidas e priorit\u00e1rias para a conserva\u00e7\u00e3o, conforme mapeado pelo Renewables Consulting Group no <a href=\"https:\/\/www.minenergia.gov.co\/static\/ruta-eolica-offshore\/src\/document\/Espa%C3%B1ol%20Hoja%20de%20ruta%20energ%C3%ADa%20e%C3%B3lica%20costa%20afuera%20en%20Colombia%20VE.pdf\">plano de energia e\u00f3lica offshore para a Col\u00f4mbia<\/a> (Mapa: Di\u00e1logo Chino)<\/div><\/div><\/div><meta itemprop=\"contentUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/20230710_eolica_offshore_PT-1.png\"\/><meta itemprop=\"contentSize\" content=\"669 KB\"\/><meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"1700\"\/><meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"2560\"\/><meta itemprop=\"author\"\/><meta itemprop=\"representativeOfPage\" content=\"true\"\/><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>A costa do Caribe colombiano, onde se concentra o maior potencial de energia e\u00f3lica offshore do pa\u00eds, tamb\u00e9m abriga \u00e1reas protegidas, \u00e1reas de import\u00e2ncia biol\u00f3gica e ecol\u00f3gica, al\u00e9m de habitats essenciais para a conserva\u00e7\u00e3o de esp\u00e9cies e ecossistemas. Suas \u00e1guas tamb\u00e9m s\u00e3o importantes para a pesca artesanal e industrial, e as \u00e1reas costeiras s\u00e3o territ\u00f3rios ancestrais de comunidades ind\u00edgenas.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c9 uma regi\u00e3o de constante tr\u00e1fego mar\u00edtimo \u2014 n\u00e3o s\u00f3 para pesca, mas tamb\u00e9m para o transporte de carga e o turismo. Tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 pr\u00f3xima ao Canal do Panam\u00e1 e possui \u00e1reas destinadas \u00e0 explora\u00e7\u00e3o petrol\u00edfera offshore. A Dimar, autoridade encarregada de monitorar as atividades mar\u00edtimas e costeiras na Col\u00f4mbia, supervisionou a demarca\u00e7\u00e3o de \u00e1reas que considerou terem \u201cbaixos n\u00edveis de conflito\u201d, onde os projetos e\u00f3licos offshore poderiam coexistir com outras atividades marinhas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Como o pr\u00f3prio plano aponta, um projeto no lugar errado pode gerar grandes impactos socioambientais. Para minimiz\u00e1-los, diz o documento, ser\u00e3o necess\u00e1rios estudos de impacto ambiental (EIAs), participa\u00e7\u00e3o social e um bom planejamento espacial marinho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Esse parecer \u00e9 refor\u00e7ado por um <a href=\"https:\/\/wwfeu.awsassets.panda.org\/downloads\/cleanaction_nature_safe_energy_report.pdf\">relat\u00f3rio<\/a> publicado em abril pela CLEANaction, iniciativa de organiza\u00e7\u00f5es como WWF e The Nature Conservancy. \u201cSabemos que a energia renov\u00e1vel \u00e9 a nossa melhor op\u00e7\u00e3o para atender \u00e0s futuras necessidades energ\u00e9ticas sem prejudicar irreparavelmente o clima e a natureza, mas at\u00e9 mesmo as energias renov\u00e1veis perturbar\u00e3o o meio ambiente\u201d, alerta o documento.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-pull-quote block--pull-quote\"><div class=\"block--pull-quote__wrapper\"><blockquote class=\"block--pull-quote__quote\">A energia renov\u00e1vel \u00e9 a nossa melhor op\u00e7\u00e3o para atender \u00e0s futuras necessidades energ\u00e9ticas, mas ela tamb\u00e9m perturbar\u00e1 o meio ambiente<\/blockquote><cite class=\"block--pull-quote__cite\">Relat\u00f3rio da CLEANaction publicado em abril<\/cite><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>O pesquisador Juan Gabriel Rueda, engenheiro civil e especialista em energia e\u00f3lica offshore, acredita que a Col\u00f4mbia carece de dados sobre o tema. \u201cN\u00e3o h\u00e1 um contexto jur\u00eddico claro para regulamentar a explora\u00e7\u00e3o sustent\u00e1vel e segura da energia e\u00f3lica offshore\u201d, escreveu Rueda em um <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0959652619305736\">artigo cient\u00edfico publicado em 2019<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Suas percep\u00e7\u00f5es n\u00e3o mudaram desde ent\u00e3o. \u201cO plano que guia as discuss\u00f5es n\u00e3o considerou as pesquisas feitas aqui na Col\u00f4mbia sobre o tema\u201d, explica Rueda, em refer\u00eancia ao relat\u00f3rio encomendado durante o governo de Iv\u00e1n Duque. \u201cAs decis\u00f5es foram tomadas sem consultar a academia. O Estado carece de informa\u00e7\u00f5es, justificando a contrata\u00e7\u00e3o de consultores estrangeiros que, embora sejam experientes, n\u00e3o t\u00eam em seus pa\u00edses as mesmas condi\u00e7\u00f5es e particularidades sociais, ambientais e culturais que as nossas\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Entre os desafios, est\u00e3o os poss\u00edveis impactos sobre as aves migrat\u00f3rias, conforme destacado pelo plano colombiano: \u201cA constru\u00e7\u00e3o de parques e\u00f3licos offshore representa um perigo para as aves, principalmente em rela\u00e7\u00e3o ao seu deslocamento, a perda de habitat e o risco de colis\u00e3o\u201d, observa o cientista.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-article-image aligncenter block--article-image block--article-image--article\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><div class=\"block--article-image__column\"><div class=\"block--article-image__image\"><img class=\"lazy\" data-src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/20230320_garzas-blancas_Guajira_DavidGonzalez_DialogoChino.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/20230320_garzas-blancas_Guajira_DavidGonzalez_DialogoChino-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/20230320_garzas-blancas_Guajira_DavidGonzalez_DialogoChino-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/20230320_garzas-blancas_Guajira_DavidGonzalez_DialogoChino.jpg 2560w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 768px, (max-width: 1024px) 1024px, 2560px\" alt=\"Garzas blancas e ibis escarlata en el norte de La Guajira, Colombia\"\/><\/div><div class=\"block--article-image__content\"><div itemprop=\"caption\" class=\"block--article-image__caption\">Gar\u00e7as-brancas e guar\u00e1s-vermelhos no norte de La Guajira, Col\u00f4mbia. Os parques e\u00f3licos offshore podem trazer riscos \u00e0s aves migrat\u00f3rias (Imagem: David Gonz\u00e1lez M. \/ Di\u00e1logo Chino)<\/div><\/div><\/div><meta itemprop=\"contentUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/20230320_garzas-blancas_Guajira_DavidGonzalez_DialogoChino.jpg\"\/><meta itemprop=\"contentSize\" content=\"2 MB\"\/><meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"1920\"\/><meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"2560\"\/><meta itemprop=\"author\"\/><meta itemprop=\"representativeOfPage\" content=\"true\"\/><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u00e1 uma preocupa\u00e7\u00e3o semelhante em rela\u00e7\u00e3o aos mam\u00edferos marinhos, como os golfinhos e peixes-boi. Nas \u00e1guas caribenhas da Col\u00f4mbia, foram identificadas <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/358511830_Areas_en_riesgo_para_los_mamiferos_marinos_en_Colombia\">29 esp\u00e9cies<\/a> (83% das registradas no pa\u00eds) potencialmente sens\u00edveis \u00e0s atividades de constru\u00e7\u00e3o, ao ru\u00eddo subaqu\u00e1tico e ao risco de colis\u00e3o com embarca\u00e7\u00f5es. \u201cAtualmente, n\u00e3o h\u00e1 um mapa da ac\u00fastica marinha com os n\u00edveis atuais de ru\u00eddo, e n\u00e3o sabemos como [os projetos e\u00f3licos offshore] podem afetar as esp\u00e9cies marinhas\u201d, aponta Rueda.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As empresas interessadas em desenvolver projetos offshore na Col\u00f4mbia devem apresentar um EIA \u2014 etapa essencial para a realiza\u00e7\u00e3o de qualquer obra do tipo. Por\u00e9m, ainda n\u00e3o h\u00e1 clareza sobre como isso deve funcionar para as turbinas no meio do mar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A reportagem entrou em contato com a Autoridade Nacional de Licenciamento Ambiental e o Minist\u00e9rio do Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento Sustent\u00e1vel da Col\u00f4mbia, respons\u00e1veis pela publica\u00e7\u00e3o das regras dos EIAs para projetos e\u00f3licos offshore, mas n\u00e3o houve resposta at\u00e9 a publica\u00e7\u00e3o de mat\u00e9ria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Esta reportagem foi originalmente produzida pelo <a href=\"http:\/\/climatetrackerlatam.org\/\">Climate Tracker Am\u00e9ria Latina<\/a>. A vers\u00e3o foi traduzida e editada com autoriza\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Especialistas alertam para a necessidade de ajustes regulat\u00f3rios e regras claras para estudos de impacto ambiental em licita\u00e7\u00f5es lan\u00e7adas por governo de Gustavo Petro<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50000500,"featured_media":50373938,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[50039922,50039947],"tags":[50040279,50029786,50004529,50040113],"hashtags":[],"country":[50003532],"class_list":["post-50374054","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-energia","category-oceanos","tag-energia-eolica-pt-br","tag-energias-renovaveis","tag-povos-indigenas","tag-transicao-energetica-pt-br","country-colombia-pt-br"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO 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