{"id":20120626,"date":"2023-09-01T12:39:46","date_gmt":"2023-09-01T07:09:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thethirdpole.net\/?post_type=explainer&#038;p=120626"},"modified":"2023-09-01T19:15:33","modified_gmt":"2023-09-01T13:45:33","slug":"120626","status":"publish","type":"explainer","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/ur\/3-ur\/120626\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0641\u06c1\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06d3 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc: \u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06c1 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0627\u062d\u062a"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>&nbsp;\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u06c1 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0691\u06be\u062a\u0627 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\u0631\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u06d2\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631 <a href=\"https:\/\/unfccc.int\/process-and-meetings\/the-paris-agreement#:~:text=It%20entered%20into%20force%20on,above%20pre%2Dindustrial%20levels.%E2%80%9D\">\u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u06c1\u062f\u06d2<\/a> \u067e\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0637 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be\u060c \u06af\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0648 1.5C \u062a\u06a9 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 &#8216;\u06a9\u0648\u0634\u0634\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u06d2&#8217; \u06a9\u0627 \u0639\u06c1\u062f \u06a9\u06cc\u0627\u06d4 2C \u062f\u0631\u062c\u06c1 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u06c1 \u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u0646\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u06c1\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u067e\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u067e\u0691\u06d2 \u06af\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06c1\u0645 \u0628\u06c1\u062a \u0633\u06d2 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0646\u0627\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u0679\u067e\u0646\u06af \u067e\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0679\u0633 \u0633\u06d2 \u06af\u0632\u0631\u06cc\u06ba \u06af\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;\u0627\u0646\u0679\u0631 \u06af\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0645\u0646\u0679\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u0646\u0644 \u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u06cc\u0679 \u0686\u06cc\u0646\u062c (\u0622\u0626\u06cc \u067e\u06cc \u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc-IPCC) \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/2022\/04\/04\/ipcc-ar6-wgiii-pressrelease\/\">\u0631\u067e\u0648\u0631\u0679 <\/a>\u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u06c1\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0648 1.5 \u0688\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u0679\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0688 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0631\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062a\u0648 \u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06c1\u0627\u0624\u0633 \u06af\u06cc\u0633\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u06a9\u0648 2025 \u062a\u06a9 \u0639\u0631\u0648\u062c \u067e\u0631 \u067e\u06c1\u0646\u0686\u0646\u0627 \u06c1\u0648\u06af\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631 2030 \u062a\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u06d2 43 \u0641\u06cc\u0635\u062f \u062a\u06a9 \u06a9\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u06c1\u0648\u06af\u0627\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0639\u062f\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0633 \u06c1\u062f\u0641 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0679\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0631 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0686 2023 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0622\u0626\u06cc \u067e\u06cc \u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/report\/ar6\/syr\/\">\u0631\u067e\u0648\u0631\u0679<\/a> \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06c1\u0627\u0624\u0633 \u06af\u06cc\u0633\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u06a9\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0633 \u0635\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06af\u0631\u0645\u06cc 1.5 \u0688\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u0679\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0688 \u0633\u06d2 <a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/ipcc-severe-consequences-of-further-warming-in-disaster-hit-himalayas\/\">\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646<\/a> \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color\" id=\"h-\" style=\"color:#767676\">\u0627 <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--1\">\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0634\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u062a &#8211; \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u06af\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0622\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Anthropogenic<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0634\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u06af\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0648\u06ba&nbsp; \u06a9\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u06c1 \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0626\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06d4 &nbsp;\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u06cc \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u060c \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc<a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/\"> \u0622\u0628 \u0648 \u06c1\u0648\u0627<\/a> \u06c1\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0648\u06ba \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u062c \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u0626\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0646 1800\u0635\u062f\u06cc \u0633\u06d2\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u06af\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u06be\u0646 \u06a9\u0648 \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0644\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0679\u0646\u06d2 \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06af\u06cc\u0633\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u0627\u060c \u062c\u0633 \u0633\u06d2 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u062c\u06c1 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0632\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06c1 \u06c1\u0648\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0622\u0628 \u0648 \u06c1\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u06c1\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--2\">\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0646\u0648&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-el-ni-o\">El Ni\u00f1o<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0646\u0648 \u0622\u0628 \u0648 \u06c1\u0648\u0627 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u06cc\u0679\u0631\u0646 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642\u06cc \u0648\u0633\u0637\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u0627\u06c1\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u06a9\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u062d\u062f \u062a\u06a9 \u06af\u0631\u0645 \u06c1\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u06cc\u06c1 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u06be\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u06a9\u06d2 \u067e\u06cc\u0679\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u06a9\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u067e\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u06c1 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06c1 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u062c\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0633\u06d2 \u0627\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0646\u0648-\u0633\u062f\u0631\u0646 \u0622\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0634\u0646 (\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0633 \u0627\u0648 &#8211; ENSO)&nbsp; \u06a9\u06c1\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0679\u06be\u0646\u0688\u06d2 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u06d2 \u06a9\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u06a9\u06c1\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--3\">\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Emissions<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0633\u0648\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u06a9\u06c1\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u06af\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u06a9\u0686\u0631\u0646\u06af\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0641\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 1800 \u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u06c1\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0633\u06d2 \u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06c1\u0627\u0624\u0633 \u06af\u06cc\u0633\u0648\u06ba \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u062a\u06be\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0688\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0622\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0688 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u06af\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u06af \u06a9\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0628\u0646\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--4\">\u0627\u0646\u0679\u0631 \u06af\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0645\u0646\u0679\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u0646\u0644 \u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u06cc\u0679 \u0686\u06cc\u0646\u062c (\u0622\u0626\u06cc \u067e\u06cc \u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-intergovernmental-panel-on-climate-change-ipcc\">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0679\u0631 \u06af\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0645\u0646\u0679\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u0646\u0644 \u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u06cc\u0679 \u0686\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u060c \u06cc\u0627 \u0622\u0626\u06cc \u067e\u06cc \u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc(<strong>IPCC)<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0633\u06d2 1988 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0648\u0631\u0644\u0688 \u0645\u06cc\u0679\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u06cc\u06a9\u0644 \u0622\u0631\u06af\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0632\u06cc\u0634\u0646 (\u0688\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0648- WMO) \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0679\u0688 \u0646\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0646\u0645\u0646\u0679 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u06d2(UNEP) \u0628\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u06be\u0627\u06d4 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u062d\u06a9\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0622\u06af\u0627\u06c1 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0622\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u06c1\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646\u06c1 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u06c1\u0648\u06ba \u06af\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0622\u0626\u06cc \u067e\u06cc \u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 195 \u0631\u06a9\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0622\u0626\u06cc \u067e\u06cc \u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u06be\u0631 \u0633\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0633\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u06a9\u0679\u06be\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u0631\u0636\u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06c1 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062d\u0635\u06c1 \u0644\u06cc\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0622\u0626\u06cc \u067e\u06cc \u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627\u06d4 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0626\u06d2\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0691\u0648\u06ba \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0633\u06cc \u0644\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0686\u0631 \u06a9\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u06c1 \u0644\u06cc\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u06d2 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u06cc\u0635\u06cc \u0631\u067e\u0648\u0631\u0679\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u06cc\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0631\u067e\u0648\u0631\u0679\u0633 \u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646\u06cc \u0688\u0627\u0644\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u06c1 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0631 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u06c1\u0648 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0633 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u062a\u062e\u0641\u06cc\u0641 (\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627) \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0648\u06af\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u0628\u062f\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u0686\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u062f\u062f \u06a9\u0631 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0622\u0626\u06cc \u067e\u06cc \u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0632\u06cc\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2\u060c \u06c1\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc<a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/what-is-the-ipcc\/\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/what-is-the-ipcc\/\"> <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/what-is-the-ipcc\/\">\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062d\u062a<\/a> \u067e\u0691\u06be\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--5\">\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u06c1\u06c1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The ozone layer<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u06af\u06cc\u0633 \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc\u0648\u0644 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u0622\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u062c\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0679\u0645\u0648\u06ba \u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u0646\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u06c1\u06c1 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u0679\u0631\u0627\u0679\u0627\u0633\u0641\u06cc\u0626\u0631 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u062d\u0635\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u062c\u06c1\u0627\u06ba&nbsp; \u0641\u0636\u0627 \u06a9\u0627 90 \u0641\u06cc\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u06cc\u06c1 \u062a\u06c1\u06c1 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0631 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06c1 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u062c \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u0686\u06be \u0646\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u06c1 \u0627\u0644\u0679\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0679 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1970 \u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u06c1\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0633\u06d2 \u067e\u062a\u0627 \u0686\u0644\u0627 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0627\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u06c1\u06c1 \u062e\u062a\u0645 \u06c1\u0648 \u0631\u06c1\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u062c\u0633 \u0633\u06d2 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0631 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646\u06c1 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0627\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u06c1\u06c1 \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u0630\u0645\u06c1 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0628\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0641 \u0633\u06cc (<strong>CFCs)<\/strong> \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0686 \u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0641 \u0633\u06cc (<strong>HCFCs)<\/strong>\u060c \u06a9\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0627\u06c1\u062f\u06d2 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0679\u0648\u06a9\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u06c1 \u0648\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u062a\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627 \u0631\u06c1\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0644\u0632 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u06c1\u062f\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u06c1 \u0633\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u06c1\u06c1 \u0627\u0628<a href=\"https:\/\/www.unep.org\/news-and-stories\/press-release\/ozone-layer-recovery-track-helping-avoid-global-warming-05degc\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unep.org\/news-and-stories\/press-release\/ozone-layer-recovery-track-helping-avoid-global-warming-05degc\"> \u0628\u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06d2<\/a> \u067e\u0631 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--6\">\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u06c1\u06cc\u0679 \u0622\u0626\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0688 \u0627\u0641\u06cc\u06a9\u0679<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-urban-heat-island-effect\">Urban Heat Island Effect<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u06c1\u06cc\u0679 \u0622\u0626\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0688 \u0627\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u06a9\u0679 \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0627 \u0631\u062c\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0634\u06c1\u0631\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062f\u0631\u062c\u06c1 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0622\u0633 \u067e\u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u06ba \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u06c1\u0627\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u0646\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u0679 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0691\u06a9\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u06be\u0646 \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u06af\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u061b \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0648\u062f\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u06c1\u06cc\u0679 \u0622\u0626\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0688 \u0627\u0641\u06cc\u06a9\u0679 \u0634\u06c1\u0631\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba <a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/tag\/heat\/\">\u06af\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u0644\u06c1\u0631\u0648\u06ba<\/a> \u06a9\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0648 \u0628\u0691\u06be\u0627 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color\" id=\"h--7\" style=\"color:#767676\">\u0628 <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--8\">\u0628\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0631\u062c\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u0648\u0644&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bioenergy and biofuels<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u06be\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0639\u060c \u0679\u06be\u0648\u0633 \u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u06be\u0646 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0648 \u067e\u0648\u062f\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u0641\u0636\u0644\u06d2 \u0633\u06d2 \u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u06af\u0646\u06d2\u060c \u0645\u06a9\u0626\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0691\u06d2 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0633\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0648 \u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u06be\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c\u06c1 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u06be\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06c1 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u0633\u06d2 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u0626\u06cc\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0631\u062c\u06cc \u06a9\u06c1\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u06be\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0627<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iea.org\/energy-system\/low-emission-fuels\/biofuels\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iea.org\/energy-system\/low-emission-fuels\/biofuels\"> \u06a9\u06c1\u0646\u0627<\/a> \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0628\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u06be\u0646 \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u062a\u06be\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0648 \u0688\u06cc\u0632\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u06be\u0646 \u06a9\u0627 \u06a9\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0679\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u067e\u0648\u0631\u0679 \u0633\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631 \u06a9\u0648 \u0688\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u062f\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0628\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u06be\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0637\u0644\u0628 2022 \u0627\u0648\u0631 2027 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062f\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 22 \u0641\u06cc\u0635\u062f <a href=\"https:\/\/iea.blob.core.windows.net\/assets\/ada7af90-e280-46c4-a577-df2e4fb44254\/Renewables2022.pdf\">\u0628\u0691\u06be \u062c\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u06af\u06cc<\/a>\u06d4 \u062a\u0627\u06c1\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0627\u06c1\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06d2 \u0628\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0648 \u0641\u06cc\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2&nbsp; \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0641 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u0633\u06d2 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0301421510005744\">\u062e\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631<\/a> \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u062c\u0648 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0631\u0627\u06a9 \u06a9\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u0648 \u0633\u067e\u0648\u0631\u0679 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f \u06c1\u0648\u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2015\/jan\/29\/biofuels-are-not-the-green-alternative-to-fossil-fuels-they-are-sold-as\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2015\/jan\/29\/biofuels-are-not-the-green-alternative-to-fossil-fuels-they-are-sold-as\"> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644<\/a> \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0628\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u06be\u0646 \u06a9\u0648 \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u06a9\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u06c1 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u06c1 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0633\u0644 \u0641\u06cc\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0628\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u06be\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0679 \u067e\u0631\u0646\u0679 \u062f\u06a9\u06be\u0627\u062a\u06d2&nbsp; \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0648\u06c1 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u06a9\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0631\u06a9\u06be\u062a\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-article-image aligncenter block--article-image block--article-image--article\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><div class=\"block--article-image__column\"><div class=\"hide-expand block--article-image__image\"><img class=\"lazy\" data-src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/2C2CTCH-1.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/2C2CTCH-1-768x498.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/2C2CTCH-1-1024x664.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/2C2CTCH-1.jpg 2560w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 768px, (max-width: 1024px) 1024px, 2560px\" alt=\"\"\/><\/div><div class=\"block--article-image__content\"><div itemprop=\"caption\" class=\"block--article-image__caption\">\u0628\u06be\u0627\u0631\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u0634\u06c1\u0631 \u0646\u0626\u06cc \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u067e\u0631 \u0633\u06d2 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0637\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06c1 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0631 \u0631\u06c1\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u06cc\u0626\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u06a9\u0645\u067e\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u0646\u06d2 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06c1 \u0628\u0631\u0633\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u0688\u0679 \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u06be\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u062e\u0631\u0686 \u06a9\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2<br\/>\u062a\u0627\u06a9\u06c1 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06d2 \u06a9\u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0633\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u06a9\u0648 &#8216;\u06a9\u0645&#8217; \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627 \u0633\u06a9\u06d2\u06d4 (\u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631: \u0688\u06cc\u0648\u0688\u0648\u0648\u0686 \u0645\u06cc\u062e\u0627\u0626\u0644 \/\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc)<\/div><\/div><\/div><meta itemprop=\"contentUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/2C2CTCH-1.jpg\"\/><meta itemprop=\"contentSize\" content=\"323 KB\"\/><meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"1661\"\/><meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"2560\"\/><meta itemprop=\"author\"\/><meta itemprop=\"representativeOfPage\" content=\"true\"\/><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--9\">\u0628\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0631\u062c\u06cc \u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc\u067e\u0686\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0688 \u0627\u0633\u0679\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062c (\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0633)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;\u0628\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0631\u062c\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06c1 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062c\u06c1 \u0633\u06d2 \u0648\u06c1 \u0641\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627\u060c&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0627\u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u06cc \u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0633 (\u0628\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0631\u062c\u06cc \u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc\u067e\u0686\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0688 \u0627\u0633\u0679\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062c &#8211; BECCS) \u06a9\u06c1\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u06cc\u06c1&nbsp; \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0679 \u067e\u0631\u0646\u0679 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u06be\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0686\u0646\u062f&nbsp; \u0628\u06cc \u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0628\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0631 \u0631\u06c1\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0691\u06d2 \u0631\u0642\u0628\u06d2 \u06a9\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0631\u062c\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644&nbsp; \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0679\u06be\u0627\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u062c\u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0631\u0627\u06a9 \u06a9\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--10\">\u0628\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0633<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Biomass<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0648\u0626\u06cc \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc (organic) \u0645\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u067e\u0648\u062f\u0648\u06ba\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0648\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u062b\u0648\u0645\u0648\u06ba \u0628\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u062a\u060c \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0641\u0636\u0644\u06d2 \u0633\u06d2 \u0622\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 &nbsp;\u0628\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06c1 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a \u062c\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u06be\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--11\">\u0628\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u062f\u06c1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cryosphere<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u062f\u06d2 &nbsp;\u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0641\u06cc\u0626\u0631\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0648\u06c1 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u06c1\u0627\u06ba \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u062a\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0645\u062f \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc&nbsp; \u0642\u0637\u0628\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0646\u0686\u06d2 \u067e\u06c1\u0627\u0691\u06d4 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0644\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u06c1\u0627\u0691\u06cc \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u06d2\u060c \u06a9\u0648\u06c1 \u06c1\u0646\u062f\u0648\u06a9\u0634 \u06c1\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06c1 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0627 \u06c1\u0648\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0634\u06cc\u0626\u0631\u0632\u060c \u0622\u0626\u0633 \u06a9\u06cc\u067e\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0641\u060c \u067e\u0631\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0679 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0624\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u06be\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u06ba \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0641 \u06a9\u06cc \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color\" id=\"h--12\" style=\"color:#767676\">\u067e <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--13\">\u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0645\u0646\u0679<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Paris Agreement<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u06c1\u062f\u06c1 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0627\u06c1\u062f\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0633 \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u06c1 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06d2 \u06a9\u0648 &#8220;\u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0642\u06cc \u0633\u06d2 \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0633\u06d2 2 \u0688\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0633\u06cc\u0633 \u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0686\u06d2&#8221; \u062a\u06a9 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631 &#8216;\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a \u06a9\u0648 1.5C \u062a\u06a9 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0634\u0634\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u0622\u06af\u06d2 \u0628\u0691\u06be\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u06c1\u062f\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u06a9\u0648 \u06a9\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0622\u0628 \u0648 \u06c1\u0648\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0688\u06be\u0627\u0644\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0628\u06d2 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba (\u062c\u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0646\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0644\u06cc \u0688\u06cc\u0679\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0688 \u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0648\u0634\u0646 &#8211; \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0688\u06cc \u0633\u06cc- NDC \u06a9\u06c1\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2)\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0641\u0631\u0636&nbsp;&nbsp; \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0648\u06c1 \u06c1\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u0646\u0686 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u06c1 \u0644\u06cc\u06ba \u06af\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u06c1\u062f\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0631\u0642\u06cc \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u06a9\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u06d2 \u0646\u0645\u0679\u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0688\u06cc\u0648\u06ba&nbsp; \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0645\u0646\u0679 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06c1\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0627 \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u0627\u062d\u0627\u0637\u06c1 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-2-5\">\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0679\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0679 \u0645\u06cc\u0679\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0645 2.5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Particulate matter and PM 2.5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0679\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0679 \u0645\u06cc\u0679\u0631 \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u06c1\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u067e\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u0679\u06be\u0648\u0633 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0628\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0628 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u06a9\u0686\u06be \u0630\u0631\u0651\u0627\u062a &nbsp;\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u06d2\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0622\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u06af\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u06be\u0646 \u06a9\u0648 \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u06a9\u0686\u06be \u0630\u0631\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0648\u06af\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u0635\u062d\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u06af\u06be\u0645\u0628\u06be\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u06a9\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0648\u06c1 \u0630\u0631\u0651\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648 \u0627\u062a\u0646\u06d2 \u0686\u06be\u0648\u0679\u06d2 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u06c1 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06d2 \u067e\u0631 \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u06cc \u06af\u06c1\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u06c1\u0648 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b 2.5 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u06a9\u0631\u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u0679\u0631 \u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u0645 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u062c\u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba &#8216;\u067e\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0645 2.5&#8217; \u06a9\u06c1\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-article-image aligncenter block--article-image block--article-image--article\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><div class=\"block--article-image__column\"><div class=\"hide-expand block--article-image__image\"><img class=\"lazy\" data-src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/India-Gate-delhi-smog_TTP_Alamy_2K8X3B8.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/India-Gate-delhi-smog_TTP_Alamy_2K8X3B8-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/India-Gate-delhi-smog_TTP_Alamy_2K8X3B8-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/India-Gate-delhi-smog_TTP_Alamy_2K8X3B8.jpg 2560w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 768px, (max-width: 1024px) 1024px, 2560px\" alt=\"people exercise in yellow smog, with ornate archway in background\"\/><\/div><div class=\"block--article-image__content\"><div itemprop=\"caption\" class=\"block--article-image__caption\">\u0646\u0626\u06cc \u062f\u06c1\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0633\u0645\u0648\u06af \u06a9\u06d2 \u062f\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u06af \u0627\u0646\u0688\u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0679 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628 \u0648\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u06a9\u0631 \u0631\u06c1\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba (\u0641\u0648\u0679\u0648: \u06a9\u0628\u06cc\u0631 \u062c\u06be\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cc\/ \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc)<\/div><\/div><\/div><meta itemprop=\"contentUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/India-Gate-delhi-smog_TTP_Alamy_2K8X3B8.jpg\"\/><meta itemprop=\"contentSize\" content=\"280 KB\"\/><meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"1707\"\/><meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"2560\"\/><meta itemprop=\"author\"\/><meta itemprop=\"representativeOfPage\" content=\"true\"\/><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--14\">\u067e\u0631\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0679<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Permafrost<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u06a9\u0648\u0626\u06cc \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u062c\u0648 \u06a9\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0645 \u062f\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u06a9 \u0645\u06a9\u0645\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0645\u062f \u0631\u06c1\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u06d2 \u067e\u0631\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0679 \u06a9\u06c1\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u067e\u0631\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0679 \u0642\u0637\u0628\u06cc \u062e\u0637\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u067e\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0679&nbsp; \u0645\u0679\u06cc\u060c \u0631\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0686\u0679\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u0646\u0627 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u0631\u0641 \u062c\u0648\u0691\u06d2 \u0631\u06a9\u06be\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06c1\u0646\u062f\u0648\u06a9\u0634 \u06c1\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u062e\u0637\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u064b 40 \u0641\u06cc\u0635\u062f \u0631\u0642\u0628\u06d2 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0679 \u06a9\u06d2 \u067e\u06af\u06be\u0644\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0628\u0646 \u0631\u06c1\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u06af\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u06c1 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0642\u06cc \u0633\u06d2 \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0633\u06d2 2C \u062a\u06a9 \u0628\u0691\u06be \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u062a\u0648 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06c1 \u0644\u06af\u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u067e\u0631\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0679&nbsp; 40 \u0641\u06cc\u0635\u062f \u0633\u06d2 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u062d\u062f \u062a\u06a9 \u06af\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u06af\u06cc\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u067e\u0631\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0679 \u06a9\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u06c1\u0627\u0691\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0688\u0631\u0648\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u06cc\u06a9\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0688\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u06d2 \u06af\u0627\u06d4 \u067e\u0631\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0679 \u067e\u06af\u06be\u0644\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06c1\u0627\u0624\u0633 \u06af\u06cc\u0633\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0691\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u06c1\u0648\u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u062c\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06af\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0622\u06d3 \u06af\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0632\u06cc\u062f \u067e\u06af\u06be\u0644\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u06cc\u0632 \u06c1\u0648\u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--15\">\u067e\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0642\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u06c1\u062f\u0627\u0641<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sustainable Development Goals<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u067e\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0642\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u06c1\u062f\u0627\u0641 (SDGs) \u0627\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u06c1 \u06a9\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0633\u06d2 2015 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0637\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc\u06d2 \u06af\u0626\u06d2 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.undp.org\/sustainable-development-goals\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.undp.org\/sustainable-development-goals\">17 \u0628\u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u06c1\u062f\u0627\u0641<\/a> \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u06c1 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u062c\u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba 2030 \u062a\u06a9 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644&nbsp; \u06a9\u06cc\u06d2 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0648\u06c1 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0628 \u0633\u06d2 \u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062c\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0648\u06ba \u0633\u06d2 \u0646\u0645\u0679\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u067e\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u06c1\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u062c\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u06d2 \u0633\u0628 \u0633\u06d2 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632 \u0633\u06d2 \u062c\u0691\u06d2 \u06c1\u0648\u0626\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba &#8216;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.undp.org\/sustainable-development-goals\/affordable-and-clean-energy\">\u0633\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc<\/a>&#8216;\u061b \u0628\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u06be\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0641\u06cc\u0635\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06c1\u061b \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc &#8216;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.undp.org\/sustainable-development-goals\/climate-action\">\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u06cc&#8217;<\/a> \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627\u061b \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0631\u06cc \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u06c1\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--16\">\u0679\u067e\u0646\u06af \u067e\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0679<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tipping point<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0679\u067e\u0646\u06af \u067e\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0679 \u0648\u06c1 \u062d\u062f \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u0632\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0622\u0628 \u0648 \u06c1\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0691\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u067e\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.abn7950\">\u062e\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/a> \u0631\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0628 \u062a\u06a9 \u0627\u0633 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u06a9\u06d2 16 \u0622\u0628 \u0648 \u06c1\u0648\u0627 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0679\u067e\u0646\u06af \u067e\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0679\u0633 \u06a9\u06cc <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2022\/sep\/08\/world-on-brink-five-climate-tipping-points-study-finds\">\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06c1\u06cc<\/a> \u06a9\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0627 \u06a9\u06c1\u0646\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0633\u06d2 \u0634\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0686\u06be \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc \u06af\u0632\u0631 \u0686\u06a9\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u062c\u0633 \u0633\u06d2 \u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0688 \u0622\u0626\u0633 \u06a9\u06cc\u067e \u06a9\u06d2 \u06af\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0679 \u06a9\u06d2 \u067e\u06af\u06be\u0644\u0646\u06d2 \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0691\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u06ba \u06c1\u0648 \u0631\u06c1\u06cc \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u06c1 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0644 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u062c\u0648 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0627 \u0633\u0628 \u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u0691\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0644 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u06d2\u0628\u0691\u06d2 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0633\u06d2 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/why-is-the-amazon-so-important-for-climate-change1\/\">\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2<\/a> \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062f\u0631\u062c\u06c1 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a \u06a9\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u06a9\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2\u060c \u0622\u0628 \u0648 \u06c1\u0648\u0627 \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u06c1\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u067e\u0627\u0646\u0686\u0648\u06cc\u06ba \u062d\u0635\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0644 \u06a9\u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0679 \u062f\u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06cc\u0627 \u0648\u06c1 \u062e\u062a\u0645 \u06c1\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u06a9\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u062a \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0646 \u067e\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u06a9\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0633\u06d2 \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u06a9\u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u06c1 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 \u062e\u062f\u0634\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/sciadv.aat2340\">\u06a9\u0686\u06be \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06ba <\/a>\u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0679\u067e\u0646\u06af \u067e\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0679 \u062c\u0633 \u067e\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0644 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u062e\u062a\u0645 \u06c1\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u06af\u0627 \u062c\u0628 \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0644\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u0679\u0627\u0626\u06cc 20-25 \u0641\u06cc\u0635\u062f \u062a\u06a9 \u067e\u06c1\u0646\u0686 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u06af\u06cc\u06d4 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0686\u0646\u062f \u062f\u06c1\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2022\/mar\/07\/climate-crisis-amazon-rainforest-tipping-point\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2022\/mar\/07\/climate-crisis-amazon-rainforest-tipping-point\"> \u0628\u0691\u06d2 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06d2 \u06af\u06be\u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644<\/a> \u06c1\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u06ba \u06af\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color\" id=\"h--17\" style=\"color:#767676\">\u062a <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u06cc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Energy transition<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u0627 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u06c1 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0644 \u0641\u06cc\u0648\u0644\u0632 \u067e\u0631 \u0633\u0628 \u0633\u06d2 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u0631\u06c1\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u06a9\u0648\u0626\u0644\u06c1\u060c \u062a\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0633 \u0633\u06d2 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639\u060c \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u0634\u0645\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06c1\u0648\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u06a9\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u06c1\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u062c\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u06a9\u0627&nbsp; \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--18\">\u062a\u06cc\u0632 \u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u0628<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Flash floods<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u06cc\u0632 \u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u0628\u060c&nbsp; \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0686\u0627\u0646\u06a9 \u0622\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u062c\u0648 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0634\u060c \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0641 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0633\u06d2 \u067e\u06af\u06be\u0644\u0646\u06d2 \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0633\u06d2 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u062a\u06cc\u0632 \u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06c1 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0628\u06c1\u062a \u06a9\u0645 \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u06c1 \u06a9\u06d2\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u062c\u0633 \u0633\u06d2 \u0644\u0648\u06af \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u06cc\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u062d\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0637\u06cc \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u0633\u06d2 \u0642\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0631\u06c1\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u06c1\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06c1\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06c1 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba 1986 \u0633\u06d2 \u0627\u0628 \u062a\u06a9<a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/explained-how-forest-fires-worsen-flash-floods-in-the-himalayas\/\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/explained-how-forest-fires-worsen-flash-floods-in-the-himalayas\/\"> 17 \u0628\u0691\u06d2 \u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0622\u0686\u06a9\u06d2<\/a> \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0627 \u06a9\u06c1\u0646\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u06af\u0632\u0634\u062a\u06c1 20 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06c1 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0622\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0691\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u06c1 \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u06af \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--19\">\u062a\u062e\u0641\u06cc\u0641<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mitigation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0628\u0646\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06c1\u0627\u0624\u0633 \u06af\u06cc\u0633\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u06a9\u0648 \u06a9\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u06a9\u0626\u06d2&nbsp; \u06af\u0626\u06d2 \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u062e\u0641\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u06c1\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u06a9\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u06a9\u0648 \u06a9\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u06af\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u0633\u06d2 \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u06a9\u0648 \u06a9\u06cc\u067e\u0686\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06c1 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u06a9&nbsp; \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0648 \u0628\u06c1\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-article-image aligncenter block--article-image block--article-image--article\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><div class=\"block--article-image__column\"><div class=\"hide-expand block--article-image__image\"><img class=\"lazy\" data-src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Solar-installation_Flickr_9386865583_8d4ef8de76_o-scaled.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Solar-installation_Flickr_9386865583_8d4ef8de76_o-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Solar-installation_Flickr_9386865583_8d4ef8de76_o-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Solar-installation_Flickr_9386865583_8d4ef8de76_o-scaled.jpg 2560w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 768px, (max-width: 1024px) 1024px, 2560px\" alt=\"woman on roof holding solar panel, Asian Development Bank\"\/><\/div><div class=\"block--article-image__content\"><div itemprop=\"caption\" class=\"block--article-image__caption\">\u0628\u06be\u0648\u0679\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u062e\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0686\u06be\u062a \u067e\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0644\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0646\u0644 \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u06a9\u0631 \u0631\u06c1\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 (\u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631: \u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06a9 \/ \u0641\u0644\u06a9\u0631 \/ \u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc<br\/>(\u0628\u0627\u0626\u06cc-\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u06cc-\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0688\u06cc 2.0)<\/div><\/div><\/div><meta itemprop=\"contentUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Solar-installation_Flickr_9386865583_8d4ef8de76_o-scaled.jpg\"\/><meta itemprop=\"contentSize\" content=\"570 KB\"\/><meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"1707\"\/><meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"2560\"\/><meta itemprop=\"author\"\/><meta itemprop=\"representativeOfPage\" content=\"true\"\/><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color\" id=\"h--20\" style=\"color:#767676\">\u062c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--21\">\u062c\u0646\u06af\u0644\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u0679\u0627\u0626\u06cc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Deforestation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c&nbsp; \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u06af\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2&nbsp; \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u062c\u06af\u06c1 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0644\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u0679\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0644\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u0679\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0633\u06d2 \u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06c1\u0627\u0624\u0633 \u06af\u06cc\u0633\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0691\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u06cc\u06c1 \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06c1\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0622\u0628 \u0648 \u06c1\u0648\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0691\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color\" id=\"h--22\" style=\"color:#767676\">\u062d <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--23\">\u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Biodiversity<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u067e\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0648 \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u06c1\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0648\u06c1 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0631\u060c \u067e\u0648\u062f\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u062b\u0648\u0645\u06d2 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u0631\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u06cc\u0679 \u0648\u0631\u06a9&nbsp; \u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u06a9\u0631\u06c1 \u0627\u0631\u0636 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u0628\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0642\u0627 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u0628\u06c1\u062a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u06a9\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06c1 \u062c\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u067e\u0631 \u06c1\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u060c \u067e\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0641 \u06c1\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0648\u06c1 \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0631 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u06c1\u0648\u06ba\u06d4 \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0646 \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u06af\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u06c1 \u0633\u06d2 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u062c\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipbes.net\/news\/million-threatened-species-thirteen-questions-answers\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipbes.net\/news\/million-threatened-species-thirteen-questions-answers\"> 10 \u0644\u0627\u06a9\u06be \u062a\u06a9 \u067e\u0648\u062f\u0648\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u0646\u0633\u0644\u06cc\u06ba<\/a> \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u06d2 \u0633\u06d2 \u062f\u0648\u0686\u0627\u0631 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u06c1\u0627\u062a \u06a9 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u06c1 \u06a9\u0686\u06be \u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u06c1\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u06ba \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0644\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u0679\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u06c1\u0627\u0626\u0634 \u06af\u0627\u06c1\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u061b \u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0644\u061b <a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/nature\/invasive-species-inch-northwards-in-nepal-threatening-mountain-ecosystems\/\">\u062d\u0645\u0644\u06c1 \u0622\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639<\/a>\u061b \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color\" id=\"h--24\" style=\"color:#767676\">\u062e <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--25\">\u062e\u0637\u0631\u06c1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vulnerability<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0679\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u06d2 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u06c1 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062c\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u062d\u06cc\u062b\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062c\u06cc \u067e\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color\" id=\"h--26\" style=\"color:#767676\">\u062f <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--27\">\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0646\u06c1 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u06cc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Just transition<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u06a9\u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u0679\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0631\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2\u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u06a9\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0634\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0646 \u0688\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0646\u06af \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0628\u0691\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u06ba\u060c \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u06be\u0646 \u062c\u0648 \u0644\u0627\u06a9\u06be\u0648\u06ba \u0644\u0648\u06af\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8216;\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0646\u06c1 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u06cc&#8217; \u0648\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062c\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634\u06cc \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u06d2 \u0633\u06d2 \u062d\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0648 \u06cc\u0642\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0679\u06cc\u0632 \u06a9\u06cc \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u06d2\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u06af\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u06a9\u0626\u06d2 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u062a\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--28\">\u062f\u06cc \u062a\u06be\u0631\u0688 \u067e\u0648\u0644<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Third Pole<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u06c1\u0646\u062f\u0648 \u06a9\u0634 \u06c1\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06c1 \u06a9\u06d2 \u067e\u06c1\u0627\u0691\u06cc \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u062a\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u067e\u06c1 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u062e\u0637\u06d2 \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 &#8216;\u062a\u06be\u0631\u0688 \u067e\u0648\u0644&#8217; \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u06d2 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06c1 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u0644\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0642\u0637\u0628\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0648\u06ba \u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u0627\u06c1\u0631 \u0633\u0628 \u0633\u06d2 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0645\u062f \u067e\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0631\u06a9\u06be\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u06cc\u06c1 \u062e\u0637\u06c1 10 \u0628\u0691\u06d2 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u064b 2 \u0628\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u06af\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u0622\u0628\u067e\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u062c\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u06cc\u06c1 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc 24 \u0641\u06cc\u0635\u062f \u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0633\u06d2 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color\" id=\"h--29\" style=\"color:#767676\">\u0631 <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--30\">\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0633 \u06cc\u0627 \u0644\u0686\u06a9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Resilience<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0633 \u06cc\u0627 \u0644\u0686\u06a9 \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u06c1 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0679\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u06d2 \u0646\u0645\u0679\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0628\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0644\u06a9 \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u067e\u0633 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u0627\u06d4 \u062c\u06c1\u0627\u06ba &#8216;\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a&#8217; \u0633\u06d2 <a href=\"https:\/\/sgp.fas.org\/crs\/misc\/IF11827.pdf\">\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f<\/a> \u0622\u0628 \u0648 \u06c1\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u0648\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u06c1\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0639\u062f &#8216;\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644&#8217; \u067e\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u067e\u0633 \u0622\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color\" id=\"h--31\" style=\"color:#767676\">\u0633<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--32\">\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0641 \u0633\u06cc (\u06a9\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646) <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0641 \u0633\u06cc (\u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 &#8211; CFC) \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u06af\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u0679\u0633\u060c \u0631\u06cc\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u0679\u0633 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u067e\u0631\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 20 \u0648\u06cc\u06ba \u0635\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0641 \u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u06c1\u06c1 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0630\u0645\u06c1 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0679\u06be\u06c1\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06af\u06d3- \u0627\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u06a9\u0631\u0651\u06c1 \u06c1\u0648\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc \u0648\u06c1 \u062a\u06c1\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u062c \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0679\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0679 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u06a9\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u0686\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0641 \u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 1987 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0637\u06d2 \u067e\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0646\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0679\u0648\u06a9\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u06be\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u06c1 \u0648\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u062a\u0645 \u06a9\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--33\">\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u06cc \/\u06a9\u0648\u067e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">COP<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba\u060c &#8216;\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u06cc&#8217; (COP) \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0679\u0688 \u0646\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0634\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u06cc\u0679 \u0686\u06cc\u0646\u062c (\u06cc\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0641 \u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc &#8211; UNFCCC) \u06a9\u06d2 \u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06c1 \u0627\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u067e\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u0633\u06d2 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u06c1 \u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0634\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 198 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u06a9\u0679\u06be\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u062c\u0633 \u067e\u0631 \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0631 1992 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0637 \u06a9\u0626\u06d2 \u06af\u0626\u06d2 \u062a\u06be\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0645\u0644\u06a9\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0646\u062f\u06d2 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06c1\u0627\u0624\u0633 \u06af\u06cc\u0633\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u06a9\u0648 \u06a9\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u06a9\u0631\u06c1 \u0627\u0631\u0636 \u06a9\u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u061b \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a\u061b \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0642\u06cc \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u06a9\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u06be\u0646 \u0633\u06d2 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u06c1\u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u06d2 \u0646\u0645\u0679\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u0627\u06c1\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u062f\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/tag\/cop27\/\">\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u06cc27<\/a>\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0631 2022 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0634\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u06cc\u062e\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f \u06c1\u0648\u0626\u06cc \u062a\u06be\u06cc\u06d4 \u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u06cc28 \u062f\u0628\u0626\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u06c1 \u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba 30 \u0646\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u06d2 12 \u062f\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2023 \u062a\u06a9 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f \u06c1\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--34\">\u0633\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u062a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ocean-acidification\">Ocean acidification<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u0641\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0688\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0622\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0688 \u06a9\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u064b<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/environment\/article\/critical-issues-ocean-acidification\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/environment\/article\/critical-issues-ocean-acidification\"> 30 \u0641\u06cc\u0635\u062f<\/a> \u062d\u0635\u06c1 \u0633\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u0641\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0688\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0622\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0688 \u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0628\u0691\u06be\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0633\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0688\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0622\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0688 \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u0628\u0691\u06be \u062c\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u06a9\u0648 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u062c\u0633 \u0633\u06d2 \u0633\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u062a\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u06cc\u06c1 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u06d2 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0633\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0631\u06cc \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u06a9\u0631 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u0627 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u067e\u0631 \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u067e\u0691\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0630\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u06d2 \u0633\u06cc\u067e \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0634\u06cc\u0644 \u0641\u0634 \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06d2 \u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u0686\u0679\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u062a\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0633\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0648\u06ba \u0633\u06d2 \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f <a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.aao1118\">\u062e\u0637\u0631\u06c1<\/a> \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0691 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0648 \u0622\u0645\u062f\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0631\u0627\u06a9 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u0633\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color\" id=\"h--35\" style=\"color:#767676\">\u0635<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--36\">\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Desertification<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0637\u0627\u0637 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062e\u0634\u06a9 \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u062e\u0634\u06a9 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0632\u0631\u062e\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u06be\u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u06c1\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u06af\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0644\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u0679\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u062f \u0633\u06d2 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u0645\u0648\u06cc\u0634\u06cc \u0686\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u06c1\u0648\u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--37\">\u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Industrial Revolution<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u06cc\u0648\u0631\u067e \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u06c1 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u06be\u0627\u060c \u062c\u0633 \u06a9\u0627 \u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632 18 \u0648\u06cc\u06ba \u0635\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u0648\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0632\u0631\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0648\u06ba \u0633\u06d2 \u062a\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0642\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u06a9\u0686\u0631\u0646\u06af \u06a9\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u06cc \u06c1\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0626\u06d2 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u06be\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u06d2 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u06be\u06cc:&nbsp; \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u0648\u0626\u0644\u06c1\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u06be\u0631 \u062a\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06af\u06cc\u0633 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u06d4 \u0627\u0633 \u0646\u06d2 \u0645\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0688\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0622\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0688 \u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0628\u06c1\u062a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/news\/industrial-revolution-climate-change\">\u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06c1<\/a> \u06a9\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u062c\u0633 \u0633\u06d2 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0627 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature19082\">\u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u06c1\u0648\u0627<\/a>\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color\" id=\"h--38\" style=\"color:#767676\">\u0641 <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--39\">\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0644 \u0641\u06cc\u0648\u0644\u0632<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Fossil fuels<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0644 \u0641\u06cc\u0648\u0644\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u0648\u0626\u0644\u06c1\u060c \u062a\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0633 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u062c\u0648 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0644\u0627\u06a9\u06be\u0648\u06ba \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u06c1\u0644\u06d2 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u067e\u0648\u062f\u0648\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u0646\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0644\u06c1\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u06c1 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2\u060c \u0641\u0648\u0633\u0644 \u0641\u06cc\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u0627 \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0688\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0622\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0688 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06c1\u0627\u0624\u0633 \u06af\u06cc\u0633\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0691\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0648 \u0641\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba&nbsp; \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627&nbsp; \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0628 \u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u0691\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--40\">\u0641\u0637\u0631\u062a \u067e\u06c1 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u06cc \u062d\u0644<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nature-based solutions<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0679\u0631\u0646\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0644 \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u0632\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0622\u0641 \u0646\u06cc\u0686\u0631 (\u0622\u0626\u06cc \u06cc\u0648 \u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 &#8211; IUCN) \u0641\u0637\u0631\u062a \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u06cc \u062d\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.org\/our-work\/nature-based-solutions\">\u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641<\/a> &#8220;\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u06c1 \u0645\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0638\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2\u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a&#8221; \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u062c\u0648 &#8220;\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062c\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u06d2 \u0633\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u062d\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648 \u0628\u06c1\u0628\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba&#8221;\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0622\u0628 \u0648 \u06c1\u0648\u0627 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0641\u0637\u0631\u062a \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u06cc \u062d\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u0648 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u06a9 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u0631\u0648\u0648 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0686\u06be\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u06c1 \u0641\u0637\u0631\u062a \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u06cc \u062d\u0644 \u06a9\u0633 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u062e\u0641\u06cc\u0641 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba <a href=\"https:\/\/www.carbonbrief.org\/qa-can-nature-based-solutions-help-address-climate-change\/#:~:text=Some%20nature%2Dbased%20solutions%20address%20mitigation%20and%20adaptation%20at%20the%20same%20time.%20Mangroves%20store%20massive%20amounts%20of%20carbon%2C%20but%20they%20can%20also%20act%20as%20bulwarks%20against%20storm%20surges.\">\u0645\u062f\u062f<\/a> \u06a9\u0631 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba: \u06cc\u06c1 \u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0679\u06cc\u0632 \u06a9\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u06cc \u0637\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0648\u06ba \u0633\u06d2 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S1674237022000874\">\u0628\u0686\u0627 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06d2<\/a> \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u062c\u0628\u06a9\u06c1 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u06a9\u0648 \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06c1 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color\" id=\"h--41\" style=\"color:#767676\">\u0642<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--42\">\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0633<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Natural gas<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0633 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0648\u0633\u0644 \u0641\u06cc\u0648\u0644 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u0628\u062c\u0644\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2\u060c \u06a9\u06be\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u067e\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u06af\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u062a\u06be\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u06c1\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0688\u0631\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u0627\u06cc\u062a\u06be\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u067e\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u06a9\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u06a9\u0648\u0626\u0644\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0633 \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u067e\u0631 \u06a9\u0645 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u067e\u06c1 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0688\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0622\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0688 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0622\u0644\u0648\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u06a9\u0686\u06be \u0644\u0648\u06af\u0648\u06ba \u0646\u06d2 \u0641\u0648\u0633\u0644 \u0641\u06cc\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u06d2 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u062f\u062f \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0633 \u06a9\u0648&nbsp; \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unep.org\/news-and-stories\/story\/natural-gas-really-bridge-fuel-world-needs\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unep.org\/news-and-stories\/story\/natural-gas-really-bridge-fuel-world-needs\">&#8216;\u0679\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0641\u06cc\u0648\u0644<\/a>&#8216; \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc \u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0646 \u0628\u06c1\u062a \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0627\u06c1\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iisd.org\/articles\/gas-bridge-fuel#:~:text=In%20other%20words%2C%20we%20have%20missed%20the%20opportunity%20to%20cross%20by%20bridge%2C%20but%20we%20don%E2%80%99t%20actually%20need%20one%20anyway.%20Besides%2C%20gas%20is%20more%20like%20a%20wall%20than%20a%20bridge%2C%20impeding%20rather%20than%20enabling%20the%20energy%20transition%20by%20competing%20with%20renewable%20energy%20for%20investment%20and%20policy%20support.%C2%A0\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iisd.org\/articles\/gas-bridge-fuel#:~:text=In%20other%20words%2C%20we%20have%20missed%20the%20opportunity%20to%20cross%20by%20bridge%2C%20but%20we%20don%E2%80%99t%20actually%20need%20one%20anyway.%20Besides%2C%20gas%20is%20more%20like%20a%20wall%20than%20a%20bridge%2C%20impeding%20rather%20than%20enabling%20the%20energy%20transition%20by%20competing%20with%20renewable%20energy%20for%20investment%20and%20policy%20support.%C2%A0\"> \u06a9\u06c1\u0646\u0627<\/a> \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u06cc\u06c1 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u06c1 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u06d2 \u0633\u06d2 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u06c1 \u06c1\u0679\u0627\u062a\u06cc&nbsp; \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0633\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0645 \u0622\u0644\u0648\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06c1 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0631\u06a9\u0627\u0648\u0679 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--43\">\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Renewable energy<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u06c1\u0648\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc \u0637\u0627\u0642\u062a\u060c \u067e\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0633\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0628\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u0648\u0626\u06d2 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\u062d\u0635\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 2020 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u062c\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u06c1 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iea.org\/reports\/global-energy-review-2021\/renewables\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iea.org\/reports\/global-energy-review-2021\/renewables\">29 \u0641\u06cc\u0635\u062f<\/a> \u062a\u06a9 \u067e\u06c1\u0646\u0686 \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631\u0686\u06c1 \u067e\u0646 \u0628\u062c\u0644\u06cc \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u06c1 \u0688\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u06d2 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627 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\u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u0639\u0637\u06cc\u06c1 \u062f\u06d2 \u06a9\u0631\u060c \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u06a9\u0648 &#8216;\u0622\u0641 \u0633\u06cc\u0679&#8217; \u06a9\u0631 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u062c\u0648 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u06af\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u0633\u06d2 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u06c1\u0648\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0633\u0641\u0631\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0688\u0646\u06af \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627 \u06a9\u06c1\u0646\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0679 \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u060c \u06a9\u0645\u067e\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u062a \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u06a9\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u062c\u0627\u06d3 \u0627\u0633 \u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u0686 \u0646\u06a9\u0644\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06c1 \u062f\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u0648\u06c1 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u06d2 \u067e\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u062e\u0631\u0686 \u06a9\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0622\u0644\u0648\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u06a9\u06be \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u06d2 \u0633\u06d2 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0622\u0641\u0633\u06cc\u0679 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0628\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u062a\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u06d2 \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0679\u06be\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u06af\u0626\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u06a9\u0686\u06be \u0645\u0628\u0635\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2023\/jan\/18\/revealed-forest-carbon-offsets-biggest-provider-worthless-verra-aoe\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2023\/jan\/18\/revealed-forest-carbon-offsets-biggest-provider-worthless-verra-aoe\"> \u06a9\u06c1\u0646\u0627 <\/a>\u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0622\u0628 \u0648 \u06c1\u0648\u0627 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06c1 \u06c1\u0648\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--46\">\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc\u067e\u0686\u0631\u060c \u06cc\u0648\u0679\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0688 \u0627\u0633\u0679\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062c (\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0633&nbsp; \u0627\u0648\u0631&nbsp; \u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc \u06cc\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0633)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage (CCS and CCUS)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc\u067e\u0686\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0688 \u0627\u0633\u0679\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062c (\u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0633 &#8211; CCS) \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0630\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u06d2 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0688\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0622\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0688 \u06a9\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06c1 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0648\u06a9\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u06d2 \u0641\u0636\u0627 \u062a\u06a9 \u067e\u06c1\u0646\u0686\u0646\u06d2 \u0633\u06d2 \u0631\u0648\u06a9\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2\u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0646\u062c\u06cc\u06a9\u0679 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc\u067e\u0686\u0631\u060c \u06cc\u0648\u0679\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0632\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0688 \u0627\u0633\u0679\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062c (\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc \u06cc\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0633 &#8211; CCUS) \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0622\u06af\u06d2 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc\u067e\u0686\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u06c1 <a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/how-carbon-removal-could-help-prevent-climate-catastrophe\/\">\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646<\/a> \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u0648\u062d\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0648 \u0641\u06cc\u0648\u0644\u060c \u067e\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0679\u06a9 \u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u0679 \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u06a9\u0686\u06be \u0645\u0628\u0635\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627 \u06a9\u06c1\u0646\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc\u067e\u0686\u0631 \u0679\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u06cc\u0632 \u06a9\u0627&nbsp; \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u0627\u0633 \u0633\u06d2 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0648 \u06a9\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u0622\u0644\u0648\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u067e\u06be\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u06be\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iea.org\/energy-system\/carbon-capture-utilisation-and-storage\">\u0648 \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u06d2 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0631\u0648\u06a9<\/a> \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0622\u0626\u06cc \u067e\u06cc \u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc (<strong>IPCC)<\/strong>\u06a9\u0627<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wri.org\/insights\/2023-ipcc-ar6-synthesis-report-climate-change-findings\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wri.org\/insights\/2023-ipcc-ar6-synthesis-report-climate-change-findings\"> \u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0644<\/a> \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0633 \u0679\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u06cc\u0632 \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0648 2C \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0631\u06a9\u06be\u0646\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u06c1\u0648\u06af\u0627\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u0631\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0627 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ciel.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Confronting-the-Myth-of-Carbon-Free-Fossil-Fuels.pdf\">\u06a9\u06c1\u0646\u0627<\/a> \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0633 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc \u06cc\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0633 \u0679\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u06cc\u0632 \u0641\u0648\u0633\u0644 \u0641\u06cc\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u06c1 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06cc\u06c1 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0679\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u06cc&nbsp; \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u062a\u0631 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0691\u06d2 \u067e\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u067e\u0631 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u06c1 \u0634\u062f\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0626\u06cc 2023 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u06cc\u0648\u0631\u067e\u06cc \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0632\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0688 \u0633\u0645\u06cc\u062a 17 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1\u0627 \u06a9\u06c1 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc\u067e\u0686\u0631 \u0679\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u067e\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0686\u0627\u06c1\u06cc\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06c1 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0641\u0648\u0633\u0644 \u0641\u06cc\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u06c1 \u0648\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u062a\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--47\">\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0688\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0622\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0688 \u0627\u06a9\u06cc\u0648\u06cc\u0644\u0646\u0679 (\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u0679\u0648 \u0627\u06cc)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0688\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0622\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0688 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 (\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u0679\u0648 \u0627\u06cc &#8211; CO2e) \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u0679\u0631\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u0648\u0626\u06d2 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06c1\u0627\u0624\u0633 \u06af\u06cc\u0633\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u06a9\u0648 \u0633\u0645\u062c\u06be\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u06af\u06cc\u0633 \u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06c1\u0627\u0624\u0633 \u0627\u0641\u06cc\u06a9\u0679 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u062d\u0635\u0651\u06c1 \u0631\u06a9\u06be\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u062a\u06be\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u06be\u0648\u0691\u06cc \u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0688\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0622\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0688 \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u0626\u06cc \u06af\u0646\u0627 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0688\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0622\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0688 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u06c1\u0648\u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--48\">\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0641\u0679 \u067e\u0631\u0646\u0679&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Carbon footprint<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u06cc\u0627 \u0686\u06cc\u0632 \u06a9\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0641\u0679 \u067e\u0631\u0646\u0679 \u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06c1\u0627\u0624\u0633 \u06af\u06cc\u0633 \u06a9\u06cc \u0648\u06c1 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u06d2\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06c1 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u06c1 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u0648 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0648\u06c1 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u06be\u0627\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0648\u06c1 \u06a9\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u0633\u0641\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0648\u06c1 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u062c\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a \u06a9\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--49\">\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0679&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Carbon market<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/explainer-can-carbon-markets-help-tackle-climate-change\/\">\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0679\u0633<\/a>\u060c \u062c\u0633\u06d2 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0688\u0646\u06af \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u06a9\u06c1\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u0648\u06c1 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u06c1\u062f\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0630\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u06d2 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0688\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0622\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0688 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0645\u06d2 \u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u062a\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0686\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u062c\u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u0688\u0679 \u06a9\u06c1\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0688\u0646\u06af \u0645\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0679 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u060c \u06a9\u0648\u0626\u06cc \u0645\u0644\u06a9 \u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u067e\u0646\u06cc \u062c\u0648 \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642\u06c1 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u0645 \u06a9\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u0648\u06c1 \u0628\u0686\u0627 \u06c1\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u06cc &#8216;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0624\u0646\u0633&#8217; \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u0688\u0679\u0633 \u06a9\u06cc \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062f\u0648\u0633\u0631\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0686 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0628 \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u0627\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u0622\u0644\u0648\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u067e\u06be\u06cc\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u06c1\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u060c \u06cc\u06c1 \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u06a9\u0648 \u06a9\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u063a\u06cc\u0628 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--50\">\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0688\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0622\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0688&nbsp; \u0631\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u0648\u0644 (\u0633\u06cc \u0688\u06cc \u0622\u0631) \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0633\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0646<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) and sequestration<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0688\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0622\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0688 \u0631\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u0648\u0644 (\u0633\u06cc \u0688\u06cc \u0622\u0631 &#8211; CDR) \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u06c1 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0630\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0688\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0622\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0688 \u06a9\u0648 \u06c1\u0648\u0627 \u0633\u06d2&nbsp; \u0646\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062a\u0627\u06a9\u06c1 \u06cc\u06c1 \u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06c1\u0627\u0624\u0633 \u06af\u06cc\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u06c1 \u06a9\u0631\u06d2\u06d4 \u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u06a9\u0648 \u0637\u0648\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u062a \u062a\u06a9 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06c1 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u062a\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0633\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u06a9\u06c1\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0633\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0679\u06cc\u060c \u0633\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u06af\u06be\u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0688\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0622\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0688 \u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0691\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0648 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06c1 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06c1 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0630\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u06d2\u060c \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc\u067e\u0686\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0679\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062c \u0679\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u06cc\u0632 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0630\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u06d2 \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;\u0633\u06cc \u0688\u06cc \u0622\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0633\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u06a9\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u06c1 \u0633\u0645\u062c\u06be\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0622\u0626\u06cc \u067e\u06cc \u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc (<strong>IPCC)<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/report\/ar6\/wg3\/downloads\/outreach\/IPCC_AR6_WGIII_Factsheet_CDR.pdf\">\u06a9\u06c1\u062a\u0627<\/a> \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 &#8221; \u06af\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0648 1.5 \u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0633\u06cc\u0633 \u062a\u06a9 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u0633\u06cc \u0688\u06cc \u0622\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u062a \u06c1\u06d2&#8221;\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 &#8220;\u0688\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0633\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0632\u060c \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u060c \u0637\u0648\u06cc\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u062a&#8221; \u0645\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u062a\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0679-\u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0648 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0628\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba&nbsp; \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u0633\u06cc \u0688\u06cc \u0622\u0631(CDR) \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0641\u06cc\u0686\u0631 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--51\">\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u06a9&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Carbon sink<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u06a9\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0688\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0622\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0688 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06c1 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u0630\u062e\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u06a9 \u0645\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06c1\u0627\u0624\u0633 \u06af\u06cc\u0633\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u06a9\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0635\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0633\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0679\u06cc\u060c \u067e\u06cc\u0679 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0688 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u06cc\u0679-\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0688 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u06a9 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc\u067e\u0686\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0688 \u0627\u0633\u0679\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062c (\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0633 &#8211; <strong>CCS<\/strong>) \u0679\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u06a9 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0631 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--52\">\u06a9\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0645<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kigali Amendment<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u06c1\u06c1 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 1987 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0637 \u06a9\u0626\u06d2 \u06af\u0626\u06d2 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0627\u06c1\u062f\u06d2 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0679\u0648\u06a9\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba 2016 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0688\u0627 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062d\u06a9\u0648\u0645\u062a \u06a9\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc \u06af\u0626\u06cc \u062a\u06be\u06cc\u06d4 \u06a9\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u06c1\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0688\u0631\u0648 \u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 (\u0627\u06cc\u0686 \u0627\u06cc\u0641 \u0633\u06cc &#8211;<strong>HFC)<\/strong> \u06a9\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u06c1 \u0648\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u06cc\u06c1 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06c1\u0627\u0624\u0633 \u06af\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0648 \u062e\u062a\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0648\u06ba \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u06a9\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 (\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0641 \u0633\u06cc &#8211; CFC) \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06c1\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0688\u0631\u0648 \u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 ( \u0627\u06cc\u0686 \u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0641 \u0633\u06cc-HCFC) \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--53\">\u06a9\u06cc\u0648\u0679\u0648 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0679\u0648\u06a9\u0648\u0644<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kyoto Protocol<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u06a9\u06cc\u0648\u0679\u0648 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0679\u0648\u06a9\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9<a href=\"https:\/\/unfccc.int\/kyoto_protocol\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/unfccc.int\/kyoto_protocol\"> \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0627\u06c1\u062f\u06c1 <\/a>\u062a\u06be\u0627\u060c \u062c\u0633\u06d2 1997 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u067e\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u06be\u0627\u060c \u062c\u0633 \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u0633\u06d2 \u0646\u0645\u0679\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06c1\u0627\u0624\u0633 \u06af\u06cc\u0633\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u06a9\u0648 \u06a9\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u06be\u0627\u06d4 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u06c1\u062f\u06c1 2005 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u06c1\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633 \u067e\u0631 192 \u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06d2 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0637 \u06a9\u0626\u06d2 (\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06a9\u06c1 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u06c1 \u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u06c1\u062f\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u0628\u06be\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u062b\u06cc\u0642 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc)\u06d4 \u06a9\u06cc\u0648\u0679\u0648 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0679\u0648\u06a9\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u06d2 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u067e\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u067e\u0627\u0628\u0646\u062f \u0627\u06c1\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u06a9\u0626\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2015 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u06a9\u06cc\u0648\u0679\u0648 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0679\u0648\u06a9\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u06c1\u062f\u06d2 \u0646\u06d2 \u0645\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0627\u06c1\u062f\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631<a href=\"https:\/\/legal.un.org\/avl\/ha\/pa\/pa.html\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/legal.un.org\/avl\/ha\/pa\/pa.html\"> \u062e\u062a\u0645 \u06a9\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u0627 <\/a>\u062a\u06be\u0627\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color\" id=\"h--54\" style=\"color:#767676\">\u06af <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--55\">\u06af\u0631\u062f\u0634\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0634\u062a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Circular economy<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0634\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0634\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u06a9\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u06c1 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u06a9\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0633 \u0633\u06d2 \u0641\u0636\u0644\u06d2 \u06a9\u0648 \u06a9\u0645 \u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u0691\u06be\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 &#8216;\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u06be\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0634\u062a&#8217; \u0645\u0627\u0688\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0631\u0639\u06a9\u0633 \u062c\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u06a9\u0648 \u0646\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u06be\u0631 \u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0634\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0634\u062a \u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0648 \u06cc\u0642\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u06c1 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0648 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0688\u06a9\u0634\u0646 \u0686\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0648\u0627\u067e\u0633 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u06d2\u060c \u062c\u0633 \u0633\u06d2 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 &#8216;\u0644\u0648\u067e&#8217; \u0628\u0646\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--56\">\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0634\u06cc\u0626\u0631\u0632<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Glaciers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0634\u06cc\u0626\u0631\u0632\u060c \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0645\u062f \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0624\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0622\u06c1\u0633\u062a\u06c1 \u0622\u06c1\u0633\u062a\u06c1 \u062a\u06cc\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u0628\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u062f\u06d2 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u062c\u0648 \u0642\u0637\u0628\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0648\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0646\u062f \u067e\u06c1\u0627\u0691\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u067e\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0635\u062f\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u062c\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0641 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0631 \u06af\u0631 \u06a9\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0641 \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0679\u06cc \u062a\u06c1\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u06cc\u0686\u06d2 \u062f\u0628\u062a\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u06c1 \u06a9\u0634\u0634 \u062b\u0642\u0644 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0641 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u067e\u0631 \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u06d2 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u06c1 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0691\u06be\u062a\u0627 \u062c\u0627 \u0631\u06c1\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0634\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0633\u06d2 \u067e\u06af\u06be\u0644 \u0631\u06c1\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0641\u0628\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0648\u0627\u067e\u0633 \u0628\u06be\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u0646\u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4&nbsp; \u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0634\u06cc\u0626\u0631\u0632 \u067e\u06af\u06be\u0644\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0679\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u06a9\u0644\u0632 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0634\u06cc\u0626\u0631\u0632 \u0633\u06d2 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u06be\u06d2 \u062c\u0627 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u06c1\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06c1 \u06a9\u06d2 \u067e\u06af\u06be\u0644\u062a\u06d2 \u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0634\u06cc\u0626\u0631\u0632 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba<a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/glaciers-himalayas-melting\/\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/glaciers-himalayas-melting\/\"> \u0645\u0632\u06cc\u062f \u067e\u0691\u06be\u06cc\u06ba<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-article-image aligncenter block--article-image block--article-image--article\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><div class=\"block--article-image__column\"><div class=\"hide-expand block--article-image__image\"><img class=\"lazy\" data-src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/46537628981_d069765bb1_o.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/46537628981_d069765bb1_o-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/46537628981_d069765bb1_o-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/46537628981_d069765bb1_o.jpg 2189w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 768px, (max-width: 1024px) 1024px, 2189px\" alt=\"Scientist in red waterproof conducts research in snowy mountain landscape, Himalayas\"\/><\/div><div class=\"block--article-image__content\"><div itemprop=\"caption\" class=\"block--article-image__caption\">\u0646\u06cc\u067e\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0634\u06cc\u0626\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba &#8216;\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u06cc\u0644\u0646\u0633&#8217; \u06a9\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0634 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u062c\u0648 \u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0634\u06cc\u0626\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc \u0635\u062d\u062a \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 (\u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631: \u0622\u0626\u06cc \u0633\u06cc \u0622\u0626\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u0688\u06cc \u06a9\u06be\u0679\u0645\u0646\u0688\u0648 \/ \u0641\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u060c \u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u06cc)<\/div><\/div><\/div><meta itemprop=\"contentUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/46537628981_d069765bb1_o.jpg\"\/><meta itemprop=\"contentSize\" content=\"3 MB\"\/><meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"1459\"\/><meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"2189\"\/><meta itemprop=\"author\"\/><meta itemprop=\"representativeOfPage\" content=\"true\"\/><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--57\">\u06af\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u06af<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Global warming<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u06c1\u062a \u0633\u06d2 \u0644\u0648\u06af &#8216;\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc&#8217; \u0627\u0648\u0631 &#8216;\u06af\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u06af&#8217; \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u0631\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0646 \u062c\u06c1\u0627\u06ba \u06af\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u06af \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u06a9\u0627 \u0628\u0691\u06be\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u0648\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u06c1 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a \u06c1\u06d2\u060c &#8216;\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc&#8217; \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u06a9\u06d2 \u067e\u06cc\u0679\u0631\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u06ba \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u06af\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u06ba \u062c\u0646\u06c1\u0648\u06ba \u0646\u06d2 \u0645\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06c1\u0627\u0624\u0633 \u06af\u06cc\u0633\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06c1 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0648\u06c1 \u06af\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u06af \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0691\u06d2 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u06a9 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u06a9\u0686\u06be \u0645<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2019\/may\/17\/why-the-guardian-is-changing-the-language-it-uses-about-the-environment\">\u06cc\u0688\u06cc\u0627 \u0622\u0624\u0679 \u0644\u06cc\u0679\u0633<\/a> \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0648 \u0628\u06c1\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2&nbsp; &#8216;\u06af\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u06af&#8217; \u067e\u0631 &#8216;\u06af\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u06c1\u06cc\u0679\u0646\u06af&#8217; \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u06a9\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u06cc\u062d \u062f\u06cc\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--58\">\u00a0\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0634\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u06cc\u06a9 \u0622\u0624\u0679 \u0628\u0631\u0633\u0679 \u0641\u0644\u0688 (\u062c\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0641\/\u06af\u0644\u0648\u0641)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0634\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u06cc\u06a9 \u0622\u0624\u0679 \u0628\u0631\u0633\u0679 \u0641\u0644\u0688 \u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0641 ( \u06af\u0644\u0648\u0641)\u060c \u067e\u06c1\u0627\u0691\u06cc \u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0634\u06cc\u0626\u0631 \u0633\u06d2 \u067e\u06af\u06be\u0644\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u067e\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u0646\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062c\u06be\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u067e\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0686\u0627\u0646\u06a9 \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u062c\u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u0631\u0641 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0646 (\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0634\u06cc\u0626\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u0644\u06d2 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0686\u0679\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0686\u06be\u0679) \u0631\u0648\u06a9 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0631\u06a9\u06be\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0632\u0644\u0632\u0644\u06d2\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/how-climate-change-worsens-avalanches-in-the-himalayas\/\">\u0628\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u062f\u06d2<\/a> \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u06c1\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u067e\u06af\u06be\u0644\u06d2 \u06c1\u0648\u06d3 \u067e\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u0633\u06d2 \u0622\u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u06af\u0644\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u06c1\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u0627\u06c1 \u06a9\u0646 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06c1\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06c1 \u06a9\u06d2 \u067e\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba <a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/glofs-himalayas\/\">\u0628\u0691\u06be\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u0648\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u06c1<\/a> \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--59\">\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0631\u062c\u06cc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Green energy<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0631\u062c\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u06c1 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0630\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u06c1\u0648\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0633\u06d2 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u06be\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0631\u0639\u06a9\u0633\u060c \u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0631\u062c\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0691\u06d2 \u067e\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u067e\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u06a9\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0628\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u06d4 \u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0624\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u06c1 \u0645\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0648\u06ba \u067e\u0631 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b \u06c1\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0688\u0631\u0648 \u067e\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0648 \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba &#8216;\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0646&#8217; \u06a9\u06c1\u0627 \u062c\u0627 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--60\">\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06c1\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0688\u0631\u0648\u062c\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u06d2 \u06c1\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0688\u0631\u0648\u062c\u0646<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Green hydrogen and grey hydrogen<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0686\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06c1 \u06c1\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0688\u0631\u0648\u062c\u0646&nbsp; \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba&nbsp; \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635 \u06c1\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0688\u0631\u0648\u062c\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0679\u0631\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u0633 \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u0648\u06ba \u0633\u06d2 \u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0648 \u067e\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0648 \u06c1\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0688\u0631\u0648\u062c\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0622\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u062c\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u062c\u0628 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0635\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u0634\u0645\u0633\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u0648\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc \u0637\u0627\u0642\u062a \u0633\u06d2 \u0686\u0644\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u06d2 \u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06c1\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0688\u0631\u0648\u062c\u0646 \u06a9\u06c1\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0641\u0648\u0633\u0644 \u0641\u06cc\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u06d2 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u0648\u0626\u06d2 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06c1\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0688\u0631\u0648\u062c\u0646 \u06a9\u0648 \u06af\u0631\u06d2 \u06c1\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0688\u0631\u0648\u062c\u0646 \u06a9\u06c1\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0645\u0632\u06cc\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u06c1\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc<a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/energy\/what-is-green-hydrogen-could-it-transform-energy-in-south-asia\/\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/energy\/what-is-green-hydrogen-could-it-transform-energy-in-south-asia\/\"> \u0648\u0636\u0627\u062d\u062a<\/a> \u06cc\u06c1\u0627\u06ba \u067e\u0691\u06be\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<a class=\"wp-block-cd-related-news alignright block--related-news loading\" data-post-id=\"20094584\"><div class=\"block--related-news__image\"><\/div><div class=\"block--related-news__content\"><span class=\"block--related-news__heading\">Recommended<\/span><span class=\"block--related-news__title\"><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ghg\">\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06c1\u0627\u0624\u0633 \u06af\u06cc\u0633 (\u062c\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0686 \u062c\u06cc &#8211; GHG) \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06c1\u0627\u0624\u0633 \u0627\u0641\u06cc\u06a9\u0679 <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Greenhouse gas (GHG) and greenhouse effect<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0688\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0622\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0688\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u062a\u06be\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0679\u0631\u0648\u062c\u0646 \u0622\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0688\u060c \u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0641 \u0633\u06cc (CFCs) \u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0686 \u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0641 \u0633\u06cc (HCFCs) \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0686 \u0627\u06cc\u0641 \u0633\u06cc (HFCs) \u0633\u0628\u06be\u06cc \u06a9\u0648 \u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06c1\u0627\u0624\u0633 \u06af\u06cc\u0633\u0632(GHG) \u06a9\u06c1\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u06a9\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06c1 \u0645\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0631\u062c \u06a9\u06cc \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a \u06a9\u0648 \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u06af\u0631\u062f \u06c1\u0648\u0627 \u06a9\u0648 \u0634\u06cc\u0634\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0648\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06c1\u0627\u0624\u0633 \u06a9\u06cc \u0686\u06be\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u062d \u06af\u0631\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u06cc\u06c1 \u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06c1\u0627\u0624\u0633 \u0627\u0641\u06cc\u06a9\u0679 \u06c1\u06d2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u06af\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u06ba \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u0641\u0648\u0633\u0644 \u0641\u06cc\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u0633\u06d2 \u0641\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06c1\u0627\u0624\u0633 \u06af\u06cc\u0633\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0691\u06be \u0631\u06c1\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u06cc\u06c1 \u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06c1\u0627\u0624\u0633 \u0627\u0641\u06cc\u06a9\u0679 \u06a9\u0648 \u0628\u0691\u06be\u0627 \u0631\u06c1\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u06af\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u06a9\u0631\u0631\u06c1\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u06af\u0631\u0645 \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0628\u0646 \u0631\u06c1\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--61\">\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u06af&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Greenwashing<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u06af\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u062c\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0627\u06c1\u0631 \u062c\u06d2 \u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0679\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0644\u0688 \u0646\u06d2 1986 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u06be\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u0645\u067e\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06cc\u06c1 \u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0628 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u06c1 \u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u062c\u0628 \u06a9\u06c1 \u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0648\u06c1 \u0645\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u0646\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u06c1 \u06c1\u0648 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 &#8216;\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u06af&#8217; \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b \u06a9\u0645\u067e\u0646\u06cc \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u06c1\u0634\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u06af\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u06ba \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0626\u06d2 \u0628\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u06c1\u0646\u0686\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642\u0648\u06ba \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0628\u0627\u0624 \u06c1\u0679\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0686\u0627\u06c1\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color\" id=\"h--62\" style=\"color:#767676\">\u0644 <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--63\">\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0646\u0627<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La Ni\u00f1a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0646\u0648 \u0633\u062f\u0631\u0646 \u0622\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0634\u0646 (\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0633 \u0627\u0648-ENSO) \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0637\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u0627\u06c1\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0633\u06d2 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u0679\u06be\u0646\u0688\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u062c\u06c1 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0679 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u062d\u060c \u06cc\u06c1 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u06be\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0628\u0627\u0624 \u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u06a9\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color\" id=\"h--64\" style=\"color:#767676\">\u0645<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--65\">\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Climate change<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u06c1 \u0646\u06d2 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc<a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/climatechange\/what-is-climate-change\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/climatechange\/what-is-climate-change\"> \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641<\/a> \u062f\u0631\u062c\u06c1 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0637\u0648\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc&nbsp; \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u06af\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u0641\u0648\u0633\u0644 \u0641\u06cc\u0648\u0644\u0632 \u06a9\u0648 \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0644\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u0679\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0646\u06d2 \u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06c1\u0627\u0624\u0633 \u06af\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u06ba \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u062c\u0633 \u0646\u06d2 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u06c1 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06c1 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06c1\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u062c\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0633\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06c1\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062e\u0644\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u06c1\u0627\u0691\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0628\u0631\u0641 \u067e\u06af\u06be\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--66\">\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0641&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Climate justice<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u06c1 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u06c1\u06d2 \u060c \u0628\u06c1\u062a \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0679\u06cc\u0632 \u062c\u0646 \u06a9\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u0651\u06c1 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0633\u0628 \u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u0645 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0633\u06d2 \u0633\u0628 \u0633\u06d2 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u06c1 \u0627\u0646\u06c1\u06cc \u06a9\u0648 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u0645\u0632\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06c1 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u067e\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u0633\u06d2 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u06a9\u0645 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0622\u0628 \u0648 \u06c1\u0648\u0627 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0641 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u06be\u0646 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0642\u06cc \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634\u06cc \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0633\u0628 \u0633\u06d2 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u06c1 \u0627\u0679\u06be\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u0644\u0648\u06af\u0648\u06ba\u060c \u06a9\u0645\u067e\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u0628 \u0633\u06d2&nbsp; \u0628\u0691\u06cc \u0630\u0645\u06c1 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0648\u06c1 \u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u06d2 \u0633\u0628 \u0633\u06d2 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-article-image aligncenter block--article-image block--article-image--article\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><div class=\"block--article-image__column\"><div class=\"hide-expand block--article-image__image\"><img class=\"lazy\" data-src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Protesters-at-COP27_Marie-Jacquemin_Greenpeace_GP1T4UVU.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Protesters-at-COP27_Marie-Jacquemin_Greenpeace_GP1T4UVU-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Protesters-at-COP27_Marie-Jacquemin_Greenpeace_GP1T4UVU-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Protesters-at-COP27_Marie-Jacquemin_Greenpeace_GP1T4UVU.jpg 2560w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 768px, (max-width: 1024px) 1024px, 2560px\" alt=\"Protesters at COP27\"\/><\/div><div class=\"block--article-image__content\"><div itemprop=\"caption\" class=\"block--article-image__caption\">\u0646\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0631 2022 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u06cc 27 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0638\u0627\u06c1\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u067e\u0631 \u0632\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u06c1 \u0648\u06c1 \u0622\u0628 \u0648 \u06c1\u0648\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u06d2 \u0633\u0628 \u0633\u06d2 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0636\u06c1 \u062f\u06cc\u06ba (\u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631 \u00a9 \u0645\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u062c\u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \/ \u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u0633<\/div><\/div><\/div><meta itemprop=\"contentUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Protesters-at-COP27_Marie-Jacquemin_Greenpeace_GP1T4UVU.jpg\"\/><meta itemprop=\"contentSize\" content=\"3 MB\"\/><meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"1707\"\/><meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"2560\"\/><meta itemprop=\"author\"\/><meta itemprop=\"representativeOfPage\" content=\"true\"\/><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--67\">\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u067e\u0646\u0627\u06c1 \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Climate refugees<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u067e\u0646\u0627\u06c1 \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u06c1 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u06a9\u0686\u06be \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0635\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u06af\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0633\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u06c1 \u0633\u06d2 \u0627\u067e\u0646\u0627 \u06af\u06be\u0631 \u0686\u06be\u0648\u0691\u0646\u06d2 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u067e\u0646\u0627\u06c1 \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0626\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/what-refugee\">\u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641<\/a> \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u0627\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u06c1 \u06a9\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0633\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u067e\u0646\u0627\u06c1 \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641: &#8220;\u0648\u06c1 \u0644\u0648\u06af \u062c\u0648 \u062c\u0646\u06af\u060c \u062a\u0634\u062f\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u0638\u0644\u0645 \u0648 \u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0633\u06d2 \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0686\u0627 \u06a9\u0631 \u0628\u06be\u0627\u06af\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0633\u0631\u06d2 \u0645\u0644\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u062d\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba&#8221; -\u06cc\u06c1 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u0627\u0637\u06c1 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u062c\u0648 \u0637\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0628\u0691\u06be\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u067e\u0646\u0627 \u06af\u06be\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06be\u0648 \u0686\u06a9\u0627 \u06c1\u0648\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--68\">\u0645\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ecosystem<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;\u0645\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0631\u06cc \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u062c\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0631\u060c \u067e\u0648\u062f\u06d2\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u062b\u0648\u0645\u06d2 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u067e\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0679\u06cc \u06a9\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0648\u06c1 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u0631\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u06be \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0645\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u06c1\u062a \u067e\u0691\u0627 \u06c1\u0648\u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u06d2 \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u06c1\u062a \u0633\u06d2 \u0686\u06be\u0648\u0679\u06d2 \u0645\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0648\u06ba \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--69\">\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0679\u0648\u06a9\u0648\u0644&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Montreal Protocol<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0679\u0648\u06a9\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0627\u06c1\u062f\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0633\u0628\u0633\u0679\u06cc\u0646\u0633\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u0679 \u0688\u06cc\u067e\u0644\u06cc\u0679 \u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0632\u0648 \u0646 \u0644\u06cc\u0626\u0631 (\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0627\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u06c1\u06c1 \u06a9\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u06c1\u0646\u0686\u0627\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba) \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u062c\u0633 \u067e\u0631 1987 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0637 \u06a9\u0626\u06d2 \u06af\u0626\u06d2 \u062a\u06be\u06d2\u060c \u062c\u0633 \u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0688\u06cc\u067e\u0644\u06cc\u0679\u0646\u06af \u0633\u0628\u0633\u0679\u06cc\u0646\u0633\u0632 (\u0627\u0648 \u0688\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0633)&nbsp; \u0628\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 (\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0641 \u0633\u06cc-<strong>CFC)<\/strong> \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06c1\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0688\u0631\u0648\u06a9\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 (\u0627\u06cc\u0686 \u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0641 \u0633\u06cc-<strong>HCFC<\/strong>) \u06a9\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644&nbsp; \u0631\u0648\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u06c1\u06c1 \u06a9\u06cc \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0679\u0648\u06a9\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0627 \u0633\u0628 \u0633\u06d2<a href=\"https:\/\/www.unep.org\/news-and-stories\/story\/thirty-years-what-montreal-protocol-doing-protect-ozone\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unep.org\/news-and-stories\/story\/thirty-years-what-montreal-protocol-doing-protect-ozone\"> \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0628<\/a> \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0627\u06c1\u062f\u06c1 \u0633\u0645\u062c\u06be\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0633\u06d2 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06c1 \u0644\u06af\u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u06c1\u062f\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u063a\u06cc\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u06c1\u06c1 2050 \u062a\u06a9 \u0645\u0646\u06c1\u062f\u0645 \u06c1\u0648 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u06be\u06cc\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color\" id=\"h--70\" style=\"color:#767676\">\u0646 <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--71\">\u0646\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u06c1\u06cc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Loss and damage<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u0628\u060c \u06af\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u0644\u06c1\u0631\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06c1 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0628\u06c1\u062a \u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc\u0633\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u067e\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u06c1\u06d2: \u062c\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06ba \u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u06c1\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062c\u06be \u06c1\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u06c1\u0627\u0626\u0634 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062c\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0646 \u0633\u06d2 \u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0632 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u06c1 \u06c1\u06cc \u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0688\u06be\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062c\u0627 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u0627\u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba &#8216;\u0646\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u06c1\u06cc&#8217; \u06a9\u06c1\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/what-is-loss-and-damage-south-asia\/\">\u0646\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u06c1\u06cc<\/a> \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634\u06cc \u06c1\u0648 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u06c1 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u06c1 \u0633\u06d2 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0679\u06cc \u06a9\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u0632\u0631\u0639\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0627 \u06a9\u0645 \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u0627\u06d4 \u06cc\u06c1 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u06c1\u0648 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0633 \u06a9\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0634 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u06c1\u0648 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u0646\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u06c1\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u06a9\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0645\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u06d2 \u0646\u0645\u0679\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0630\u0627\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u06c1 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--72\">\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Migration<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062c\u06cc\u0633\u0627 \u06a9\u06c1 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u0628\u060c \u06af\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u0644\u06c1\u0631\u0648\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0634\u06a9 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2&nbsp; \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0628\u0646\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u06be\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0628\u06c1\u062a \u0633\u06d2 \u0644\u0648\u06af \u0628\u06c1\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06d2 \u06af\u06be\u0631 \u0686\u06be\u0648\u0691\u0646\u06d2 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u06c1\u0648\u0631\u06c1\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0627\u0633\u06d2 \u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u062c\u0631\u062a \u06a9\u06c1\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4&nbsp; \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u06c1 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06c1 \u06c1\u0648\u06af\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0691\u06be\u06cc\u06ba \u06af\u06d2\u060c \u0622\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u06c1\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u06ba \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06c1 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--73\">\u0646\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0644\u06cc \u0688\u06cc\u0679\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0688 \u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0648\u0634\u0646 &#8211; \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0688\u06cc \u0633\u06cc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>2015 \u06a9\u06d2 \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u06c1\u062f\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u06a9\u0648 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u06a9\u0648 \u06a9\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0634\u0634\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u062e\u0627\u06a9\u06c1 \u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u0646\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0644\u06cc \u0688\u06cc\u0679\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0688 \u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0648\u0634\u0646 (\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0688\u06cc \u0633\u06cc NDC) \u06a9\u06c1\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0688\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0632 \u06c1\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u0646\u0686 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06d2 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06d2 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0688\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u067e\u0646\u06d2 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u06c1 \u0633\u06d2 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u067e\u0631\u0639\u0632\u0645 (\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u06c1\u0627\u062f &#8216;\u0631\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u0679 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0645&#8217;) \u06c1\u0648\u06ba \u06af\u06d2\u06d4 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06c1 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u060c \u06cc\u06c1 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u06c1\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0648 \u06a9\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2\u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0641 \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0686\u0627\u06c1\u06cc\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--74\">\u0646\u06cc\u0679 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0648<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Net zero<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0646\u06cc\u0679 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06c1\u0627\u0624\u0633 \u06af\u06cc\u0633\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0627 \u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u06d2 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0627\u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u06a9\u06c1\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 2018 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0679\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0645\u0646\u0679\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u0646\u0644 \u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u06cc\u0679 \u0686\u06cc\u0646\u062c \u0646\u06d2 2050 \u06a9\u0648 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/climatechange\/net-zero-coalition\">\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u062f<\/a> \u06a9\u06cc\u0627\u06d4 &nbsp;\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u06c1\u062f\u06c1 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u06af\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u06af \u06a9\u0648 1.5C \u062a\u06a9 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 \u06c1\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062a\u0648&nbsp; \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0648 \u0646\u06cc\u0679 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0648 \u062a\u06a9 \u067e\u06c1\u0646\u0686\u0646\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u062e\u0634 <a href=\"https:\/\/zerotracker.net\/about\">\u0646\u06cc\u0679 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0648 \u0679\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0631<\/a> \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u06a9 \u0633\u06d2\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc \u06af\u0626\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 <a href=\"https:\/\/ca1-nzt.edcdn.com\/Net-Zero-Tracker\/Net-Zero-Stocktake-Report-2022.pdf?v=1655074300\">\u0631\u067e\u0648\u0631\u0679<\/a> \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06c1\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u06c1\u060c \u0628\u06be\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0686\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u064b 128 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u06ba \u0646\u06d2 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635 \u0635\u0641\u0631 \u06a9\u0627 \u06c1\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u0628 \u0633\u06d2 \u0628\u0691\u06cc \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u067e\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0633\u06d2 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u06c1\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0633\u06d2 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0646\u06d2 \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0679-\u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u06c1\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u06a9\u0626\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0646\u06cc\u0679 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u06c1\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u06c1\u062a \u0633\u06cc \u062d\u06a9\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0648\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0645\u067e\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06c1\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u06a9 \u067e\u06c1\u0646\u0686\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06d2 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0646\u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u067e\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646\u06c1 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color\" id=\"h--75\" style=\"color:#767676\">\u06c1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--76\">\u06c1\u06cc\u0628\u06cc \u0679\u06cc\u0679 \u0641\u0631\u06cc\u06af\u0645\u0646\u0679\u06cc\u0634\u0646<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Habitat fragmentation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u06c1\u06cc\u0628\u06cc \u0679\u06cc\u0679 \u0641\u0631\u06cc\u06af\u0645\u0646\u0679\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u0646\u0627\u06c1 \u06af\u0627\u06c1\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u0679\u06a9\u0691\u06d2 \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u067e\u0646\u0627\u06c1 \u06af\u0627\u06c1 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0691\u0627 \u0631\u0642\u0628\u06c1\u060c \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0644\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u0631\u06d2 \u0633\u06d2 \u0627\u0644\u06af \u062a\u06be\u0644\u06af \u06a9\u0626\u06cc \u0686\u06be\u0648\u0679\u06d2 \u0686\u06be\u0648\u0679\u06d2 \u0679\u06a9\u0691\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u06c1\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u06cc\u06c1 \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0691\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u06c1 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u06a9\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06c1 \u0628\u06c1\u062a \u0633\u06cc \u0646\u0633\u0644\u06cc\u06ba \u067e\u0646\u0627\u06c1 \u06af\u0627\u06c1\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06d2 \u0686\u06be\u0648\u0679\u06d2 \u062d\u0635\u0651\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06c1 \u0631\u06c1\u0646\u06d2 \u0633\u06d2 \u0642\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u062c\u0628 \u0686\u06be\u0648\u0679\u06cc \u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u0631\u06d2 \u0633\u06d2 \u0627\u0644\u06af \u06a9\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u062a\u0648 \u06cc\u06c1 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u06c1 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u06d2 \u062f\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u06d2 \u06a9\u0648 \u0628\u06be\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u06a9 \u0633\u06a9\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u062c\u0648 \u0637\u0648\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0635\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062f \u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-article-image aligncenter block--article-image block--article-image--article\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><div class=\"block--article-image__column\"><div class=\"hide-expand block--article-image__image\"><img class=\"lazy\" data-src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Dhole-asiatic-wild-dog_TTP_Gregoire-Dubois_Flickr_7f174a9323_4k.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Dhole-asiatic-wild-dog_TTP_Gregoire-Dubois_Flickr_7f174a9323_4k-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Dhole-asiatic-wild-dog_TTP_Gregoire-Dubois_Flickr_7f174a9323_4k-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Dhole-asiatic-wild-dog_TTP_Gregoire-Dubois_Flickr_7f174a9323_4k.jpg 2560w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 768px, (max-width: 1024px) 1024px, 2560px\" alt=\"dhole or asiatic wild dog\"\/><\/div><div class=\"block--article-image__content\"><div itemprop=\"caption\" class=\"block--article-image__caption\">\u062c\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba 2200 \u0633\u06d2 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0631\u06c1 \u06af\u0626\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0622\u0626\u06cc \u06cc\u0648 \u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0633\u06d2 \u0688\u06be\u0648\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u062c\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u062a\u06d2 \u06a9\u0648 &#8216;\u062e\u0637\u0631\u06d2 \u0633\u06d2 \u062f\u0648\u0686\u0627\u0631&#8217; \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u062c\u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u06d2 \u0633\u06d2 \u062f\u0648\u0686\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u06a9\u06cc \u062d\u06cc\u062b\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0631\u06a9\u06be\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0622\u0626\u06cc \u06cc\u0648 \u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0688\u06be\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc \u0631\u06c1\u0627\u0626\u0634 \u06af\u0627\u06c1 \u06a9\u0648 \u06c1\u0627\u0624\u0633\u0646\u06af\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0642\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u062a \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0630\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u06c1 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627 \u0631\u06c1\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 (\u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/people\/wildlifepictures\/\">\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u06af\u0648\u0631 \u0688\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0626\u0633<\/a> \/ <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/63019250@N03\/44034416330\">\u0641\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u060c \u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/2.0\/(opens in a new tab)\">\u0628\u0627\u0626\u06cc-\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u06cc-\u0627\u06cc\u0633 \u0627\u06d2<\/a>)<\/div><\/div><\/div><meta itemprop=\"contentUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Dhole-asiatic-wild-dog_TTP_Gregoire-Dubois_Flickr_7f174a9323_4k.jpg\"\/><meta itemprop=\"contentSize\" content=\"1 MB\"\/><meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"1707\"\/><meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"2560\"\/><meta itemprop=\"author\"\/><meta itemprop=\"representativeOfPage\" content=\"true\"\/><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--77\">\u06c1\u0646\u062f\u0648 \u06a9\u0634 \u06c1\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06c1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hindu Kush Himalaya<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u06c1\u0646\u062f\u0648 \u06a9\u0634 \u06c1\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06c1 (\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0686 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0627\u06cc\u0686 &#8211; HKH) \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0637\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u06d2 \u067e\u06c1\u0627\u0691\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2 \u062c\u0648 \u06a9\u06c1 \u06c1\u0646\u062f\u0648 \u06a9\u0634 \u06a9\u06d2 \u067e\u06c1\u0627\u0691\u06cc \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u06d2 (\u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u06d2 \u062a\u0627\u062c\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u06a9) \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06c1\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06c1 (\u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u06a9) \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0679\u0631\u0646\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u0679\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0679\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0679\u0688 \u0645\u0627\u0624\u0646\u0679\u06cc\u0646 \u0688\u06cc\u0648\u0644\u067e\u0645\u0646\u0679 (\u0622\u0626\u06cc \u0633\u06cc \u0622\u0626\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u0688\u06cc &#8211; ICIMOD) \u06a9\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0633\u06d2 \u06c1\u0646\u062f\u0648 \u06a9\u0634 \u06c1\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06c1 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627 2023 \u06a9\u0627 <a href=\"https:\/\/hkh.icimod.org\/hi-wise\/\">\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u06c1 <\/a>\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u06c1 \u0633\u06d2 \u062e\u0637\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u0648\u0646\u06d2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0639 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u06a9\u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2: \u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0634\u06cc\u0626\u0631\u0632 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u062a\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0633\u06d2 \u067e\u06af\u06be\u0644 \u0631\u06c1\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u06d2 \u062f\u0646 \u06a9\u0645 \u06c1\u0648 \u0631\u06c1\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0679 \u067e\u06af\u06be\u0644 \u0631\u06c1\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u06ba\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0648\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u067e\u0631 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633 \u0633\u06d2 \u0622\u06af\u06d2 \u0628\u06c1\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06c1 \u06c1\u0648\u06ba \u06af\u06d2\u06d4 \u0631\u067e\u0648\u0631\u0679 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06d2 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0632\u06cc\u062f<a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/drastic-changes-himalayas-ice-snow-water-deserves-political-attention\/\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/drastic-changes-himalayas-ice-snow-water-deserves-political-attention\/\"> \u06cc\u06c1\u0627\u06ba \u067e\u0691\u06be\u06cc\u06ba<\/a>\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--78\">\u06c1\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0688\u0631\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hydrocarbons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u06c1\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0688\u0631\u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0633\u0644 \u0641\u06cc\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u06cc\u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u0648\u0626\u0644\u06c1\u060c \u067e\u0679\u0631\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0633 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u06a9\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u060c \u06c1\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0688\u0631\u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0628\u0627\u062a \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06c1\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0688\u0631\u0648\u062c\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0679\u0645\u0648\u06ba \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u0628\u062c\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u06be\u0646 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u06c1\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0688\u0631\u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06d2 \u0633\u06d2 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0688\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0622\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0688 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06c1\u0627\u0624\u0633 \u06af\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u06ba \u0641\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u062c\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--79\">\u06c1\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0688\u0631\u0648\u06a9\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 (\u0627\u06cc\u0686 \u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0641 \u0633\u06cc)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u06c1\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0688\u0631\u0648\u06a9\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 (\u0627\u06cc\u0686 \u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0641 \u0633\u06cc &#8211; HCFC) &nbsp;\u06a9\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0628\u0627\u062a \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0688\u0631\u0648\u062c\u0646\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0679\u0645 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u062c\u0648 \u0631\u06cc\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0626\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u0688\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u06af\u060c&nbsp; \u0641\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u06d2\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2&nbsp; \u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc\u06d2 \u06af\u0626\u06d2 \u062a\u06be\u06d2\u06d4 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06c1\u0627\u0624\u0633 \u06af\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0648\u0646\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0679\u0648\u06a9\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u06c1 \u0648\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u062a\u0645 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627 \u0631\u06c1\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u06a9\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06c1 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0627\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u06c1\u06c1 \u06a9\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u06c1\u0646\u0686\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h--80\">\u06c1\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0688\u0631\u0648 \u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 (\u0627\u06cc\u0686 \u0627\u06cc\u0641 \u0633\u06cc)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u06c1\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0688\u0631\u0648 \u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 (\u0627\u06cc\u0686 \u0627\u06cc\u0641 \u0633\u06cc-HFC) \u0648\u06c1 \u06af\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u062c\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0626\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u0688\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u06af\u060c \u0631\u06cc\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06c1\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u062c\u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0641 \u0633\u06cc (<strong>CFC)<\/strong>&nbsp; \u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0686 \u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0641 \u0633\u06cc (<strong>HCFC)<\/strong> \u06a9\u0648 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u06be\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u06c1 \u0648\u06c1 \u0627\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u06c1\u06c1 \u06a9\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u067e\u0646\u06c1\u0686\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4 \u062a\u0627\u06c1\u0645\u060c \u06cc\u06c1 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06c1\u0627\u0624\u0633 \u06af\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u06ba \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2 \u062a\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 \u06c1\u06cc\u06ba\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;2016 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0646\u0679\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0679\u0648\u06a9\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u06a9\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u06d2 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u062d\u06a9\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0648\u06ba \u0646\u06d2 \u0627\u06cc\u0686 \u0627\u06cc\u0641 \u0633\u06cc (HFC) \u06a9\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u06c1 \u0648\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u06d2 \u067e\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u06a9\u06cc\u0627 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;\u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0626\u0679<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645: \u0646\u0627\u06c1\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0648 \u0628\u06c1\u062a\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u062c\u06be\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u0633\u06d2 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u06af\u0648 \u06a9\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u063a \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u062f\u06cc \u062a\u06be\u0631\u0688 \u067e\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u06d2 \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u06cc \u0641\u06c1\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u06a9\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u062c\u0648 \u067e\u0627\u0646\u0686 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0628 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648  \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0641\u06c1\u0631\u0633\u062a \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":20120585,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[20026467],"tags":[20026215,20028648,50040045],"country":[],"class_list":["post-20120626","explainer","type-explainer","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-3-ur","tag-disasters-ur","tag-climate-impacts-ur","tag-climate-adaptation-ur"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u0641\u06c1\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06d3 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc: \u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06c1 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0627\u062d\u062a<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0648 \u0628\u06c1\u062a\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u062c\u06be\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06d2 \u0633\u06d2 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u06af\u0648 \u06a9\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u063a \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u06d2 \u06a9\u06d2 \u0644\u0626\u06d2 \u062f\u06cc \u062a\u06be\u0631\u0688 \u067e\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u06d2 \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u06cc \u0641\u06c1\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u06a9\u06cc \u06c1\u06d2\u060c \u062c\u0648 \u067e\u0627\u0646\u0686 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06ba \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0628 \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4 \u06cc\u06c1 \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0641\u06c1\u0631\u0633\u062a \u06c1\u06d2\u06d4\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/ur\/3-ur\/120626\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0641\u06c1\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06d3 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc: \u0627\u06c1\u0645 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u06c1 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0627\u062d\u062a\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0648 \u0628\u06c1\u062a\u0631 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