{"id":60026988,"date":"2024-05-08T11:43:40","date_gmt":"2024-05-08T10:43:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/uncategorized\/explainer-why-bird-flu-is-now-a-major-threat-to-marine-life-2\/"},"modified":"2024-06-04T14:32:06","modified_gmt":"2024-06-04T13:32:06","slug":"60026988","status":"publish","type":"explainer","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/zh\/9\/60026988\/","title":{"rendered":"\u79bd\u6d41\u611f\uff0c\u4e3a\u4f55\u6210\u4e3a\u6d77\u6d0b\u751f\u7269\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u5a01\u80c1\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

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\u7ef4\u514b\u591a\u00b7\u52a0\u9a6c\u62c9-\u6258\u83b1\u591a\uff08V\u00edctor Gamarra-Toledo\uff09\u662f3\u6708\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u8fd9\u4efd\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u79d8\u9c81\u963f\u96f7\u57fa\u5e15\u5723\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u56fd\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\uff08San Agust\u00edn de Arequipa National University\uff09\u81ea\u7136\u5386\u53f2\u535a\u7269\u9986\uff08Natural History Museum\uff09\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u3002\u4ed6\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u6b63\u5728\u7834\u574f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52a8\u7269\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u4ed6\u544a\u8bc9\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5730\u7403\uff0c\u79d8\u9c81\u9e1f\u7c7b\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6b7b\u4ea1\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e25\u91cd\u5230\uff0c\u519c\u6c11\u7528\u4f5c\u80a5\u6599\u7684\u6d77\u9e1f\u7caa\u4fbf\u4ea7\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Multiple<\/div>
2023\u5e74\u79cb\u5929\uff0c\u963f\u6839\u5ef7\u7684\u4e00\u5904\u6d77\u6ee9\u4e0a\uff0c\u6210\u7247\u6b7b\u53bb\u7684\u6d77\u8c61\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u79bd\u6d41\u611f\u75ab\u60c5\u5df2\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u4ee5\u4e07\u8ba1\u7684\u6d77\u9e1f\u3001\u6d77\u8c79\u3001\u6d77\u72ee\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6d77\u6d0b\u52a8\u7269\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90 \u00a9 Ralph Vanstreels \/ University of California, Davis<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u75ab\u60c5\u5c06\u4f1a\u5982\u4f55\u53d1\u5c55<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

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\u82f1\u56fd\u7687\u5bb6\u9e1f\u7c7b\u4fdd\u62a4\u534f\u4f1a\uff08Royal Society for the Protection of Birds\uff09\u7684\u79bd\u6d41\u611f\u653f\u7b56\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u514b\u83b1\u5c14\u00b7\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\uff08Claire Smith\uff09\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u7269\u79cd\u6765\u8bf4\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6253\u51fb\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5f88\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u624d\u80fd\u6062\u590d\u3002\u79bd\u6d41\u611f\u4e5f\u8513\u5ef6\u5230\u4e86\u52a0\u62c9\u5e15\u6208\u65af\u7fa4\u5c9b\u3002\u201d\u52a0\u62c9\u5e15\u6208\u65af\u7fa4\u5c9b\u768456\u79cd\u672c\u571f\u9e1f\u7c7b\u4e2d\uff0c\u670945\u79cd<\/a>\u662f\u7279\u6709\u79cd\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b83\u4eec\u53ea\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>
\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n

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\u56fd\u9645\u91ce\u751f\u751f\u7269\u4fdd\u62a4\u5b66\u4f1a\uff08Wildlife Conservation Society\uff09\u5065\u5eb7\u6267\u884c\u8463\u4e8b\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u8482\u5b89\u00b7\u6c83\u5c14\u6cfd\uff08Christian Walzer\uff09\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4efb\u4f55\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57\u90fd\u662f\u88ab\u4f4e\u4f30\u7684\u3002\u9e1f\u7c7b\u548c\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u53ef\u80fd\u6b7b\u5728\u4e86\u6ca1\u6709\u76d1\u6d4b\u7684\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u77e5\u60c5\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u7f3a\u5c11\u5173\u4e8e\u975e\u6d32\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u9e1f\u7c7b\u6b7b\u4ea1\u6570\u91cf\u5c31\u6709\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u53ea\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u79cd\u7fa4\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u7684\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u79bd\u6d41\u611f\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u5f00\u59cb\u7684<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

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\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u6234\u7ef4\u65af\u5206\u6821\uff08University of California, Davis\uff09\u51ef\u4f26\u00b7C\u00b7\u5fb7\u96f7\u5c14\u91ce\u751f\u52a8\u7269\u5065\u5eb7\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff08Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center\uff09\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u9879\u76ee\u4e3b\u4efb\u9a6c\u8d5b\u62c9\u00b7\u4e4c\u54c8\u7279\uff08Marcela Uhart\uff09\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u201c\u8fc7\u53bb\u79bd\u6d41\u611f\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u51ac\u5b63\u51fa\u73b0\u5e76\u8fbe\u5230\u611f\u67d3\u9ad8\u5cf0\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5927\u5e45\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u5219\u662f\u5168\u5e74\u90fd\u4f1a\u611f\u67d3\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u98ce\u9669\u548c\u4f20\u64ad\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"A<\/div>
\u5357\u7f8e\u6d32\u6700\u5357\u7aef\u706b\u5730\u5c9b\uff08Tierra del Fuego\uff09\u7684\u71d5\u9e25\u79cd\u7fa4\u3002\u52a8\u7269\u4e00\u822c\u901a\u8fc7\u63a5\u89e6\u611f\u67d3\u9e1f\u7c7b\u7684\u553e\u6db2\u3001\u9f3b\u5206\u6ccc\u7269\u6216\u8005\u7caa\u4fbf\u67d3\u4e0a\u79bd\u6d41\u611f\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aAlamy<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

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<\/div>
\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n

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\u4eba\u7c7b\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u611f\u67d3\u98ce\u9669<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u4eba\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u611f\u67d3H5N1\u75c5\u6bd2\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u76f8\u5bf9\u7f55\u89c1\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e00\u822c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u516c\u4f17\u611f\u67d3\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u8f83\u4f4e<\/a>\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u90fd\u662f\u4e0e\u75c5\u79bd\u6709\u5bc6\u5207\u63a5\u89e6\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5bb6\u79bd\u517b\u6b96\u573a\u5de5\u4eba\u3002\u6839\u636e\u7f8e\u56fd\u75be\u75c5\u63a7\u5236\u4e0e\u9884\u9632\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/a>\uff08US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\uff09\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u81ea2003\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5171\u670920\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u62a5\u544a\u4e86882\u4f8b\u4eba\u7c7b\u611f\u67d3\u79bd\u6d41\u611f\u7684\u75c5\u4f8b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u534a\u6570\u75c5\u4f8b\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e13\u5bb6\u5efa\u8bae<\/a>\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e0e\u751f\u75c5\u6216\u53d7\u4f24\u7684\u9e1f\u7c7b\u548c\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u5bc6\u5207\u63a5\u89e6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u5317\u5df4\u5854\u54e5\u5c3c\u4e9a\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff08Centro Cient\u00edfico Tecnol\u00f3gico Patagonia Norte\uff09\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u963f\u6839\u5ef7\u517d\u533b\u5df4\u52c3\u7f57\u00b7\u666e\u62c9\u624e\uff08Pablo Plaza\uff09\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u75c5\u6bd2\u5982\u4eba\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u6240\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u6d77\u6d0b\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u90a3\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u4eba\u7c7b\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u75c5\u6bd2\u4f1a\u4e00\u76f4\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u73b0\u5728\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u60c5\u51b5\u4f3c\u4e4e\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e73\u9759\uff0c\u4f46\u672a\u6765\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u4e4e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u610f\u6599\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5982\u4f55\u5e94\u5bf9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u4e16\u754c\u52a8\u7269\u536b\u751f\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/a>\uff08World Organization for Animal Health\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0WOAH\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u53ca\u65e9\u53d1\u73b0\u79bd\u6d41\u611f\u662f\u9996\u8981\u9632\u7ebf\u3002\u5c3d\u65e9\u53d1\u73b0\u3001\u53ca\u65f6\u62a5\u544a\u611f\u67d3\u7684\u79bd\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u5404\u56fd\u77e5\u9053\u54ea\u4e9b\u6d41\u611f\u4e9a\u578b\u6b63\u5728\u6d41\u884c\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u9650\u5236\u5bb6\u79bd\u7684\u79fb\u52a8\u5e76\u76d1\u6d4b\u91ce\u751f\u52a8\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u867d\u7136\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u75ab\u82d7<\/a>\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u5bb6\u79bd\u4e2d\u6295\u5165\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4f46WOAH\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u75ab\u82d7\u53ea\u662f\u662f\u66f4\u75be\u75c5\u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002WOAH\u63a8\u8350\u91c7\u7528\u6251\u6740\u3001\u9694\u79bb\u7b49\u624b\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u7ed9\u91ce\u751f\u52a8\u7269\u63a5\u79cd\u75ab\u82d7\uff1b\u5426\u5219\u5c06\u6c38\u8fdc\u6ca1\u6709\u5c3d\u5934\u3002<\/blockquote>\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u8482\u5b89\u00b7\u6c83\u5c14\u6cfd\uff08Christian Walzer\uff09<\/cite><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u4e1c\u5b89\u683c\u5229\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\uff08University of East Anglia\uff09\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u4fdd\u62a4\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u9edb\u5b89\u5a1c\u00b7\u8d1d\u5c14\uff08Diana Bell\uff09\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u6bd5\u7adf\u6d3b\u5bb6\u79bd\u7684\u8fd0\u8f93\u8ddd\u79bb\u975e\u5e38\u957f\u3002\u201d\u5979\u5efa\u8bae\u519c\u573a\u81ea\u884c\u5b75\u5316\u548c\u9972\u517b\u96cf\u9e21\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u51fa\u53e3\u56fd\u5916\u3002\u5979\u8fd8\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u904f\u5236\u76ee\u524d\u519c\u573a\u5411\u767e\u4e07\u5b58\u680f\u91cf<\/a>\u7684\u8d85\u5927\u578b\u519c\u573a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u52bf\u5934\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"Two<\/div>
2023\u5e746\u670826\u65e5\uff0c\u517d\u533b\u739b\u4e3d\u5b89\u5a1c\u00b7\u585e\u5fb7\u7eb3\uff08Mariana Cadena\uff09\u548c\u52a8\u7269\u56ed\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u3001\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u8d39\u5c14\u5357\u8fbe\u00b7\u8096\u7279\uff08Fernanda Short\uff09\u4ece\u4e00\u53ea\u7591\u4f3c\u611f\u67d3\u79bd\u6d41\u611f\u7684\u8910\u8272\u9ca3\u9e1f\u8eab\u4e0a\u91c7\u8840\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u5df4\u897f\u91cc\u7ea6\u70ed\u5185\u5362\u5723\u4e4c\u5c14\u82cf\u62c9\u5927\u5b66\uff08Santa Ursula University\uff09\u6d77\u6d0b\u52a8\u7269\u5eb7\u590d\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff08Marine Animal Rehabilitation Centre\uff09\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aBruna Prado \/ Alamy<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

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\u4e16\u754c\u81ea\u7136\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u9999\u6e2f\u5206\u90e8\uff08World Wide Fund for Nature\uff09\u7684\u4e9a\u6d32\u8fc1\u98de\u533a\u5021\u8bae\uff08Asian Flyways Initative\uff09\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u5085\u548f\u82b9\uff08Vivian Fu\uff09\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u79bd\u6d41\u611f\u75ab\u60c5\u7a81\u663e\u4e86\u91c7\u53d6\u201c\u540c\u4e00\u5065\u5eb7<\/a>\u201d\uff08One Health\uff09\u65b9\u9488\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u8981\u8003\u8651\u5230\u4eba\u7c7b\u5065\u5eb7\u4e0e\u52a8\u7269\u5065\u5eb7\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u4eec\u5171\u540c\u7684\u73af\u5883\u5065\u5eb7\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7d27\u5bc6\u8054\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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