{"id":43960,"date":"2018-05-15T10:08:00","date_gmt":"2018-05-15T10:08:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-06-26T09:26:00","modified_gmt":"2020-06-26T09:26:00","slug":"43960","status":"publish","type":"opinion","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/zh\/7\/43960\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5370\u5ea6\u7248\u201c\u5927\u6c14\u5341\u6761\u201d\u6050\u96be\u4ee5\u670d\u4f17"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u51e0\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u5173\u5370\u5ea6\u7a7a\u6c14\u6c61\u67d3\u5371\u673a\u7684\u62a5\u9053\u4e00\u76f4\u5360\u636e\u7740\u65b0\u95fb\u5934\u6761\u3002\u9996\u90fd\u5fb7\u91cc\u7684\u6c61\u67d3\u72b6\u51b5\u548c\u516c\u4f17\u5065\u5eb7\u6210\u672c\u5728\u5a92\u4f53\u62a5\u9053\u4e2d\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a<a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/2016\/05\/12\/indian-air-pollution-now-a-national-crisis\/\">&ldquo;\u6c11\u65cf\u5371\u673a&rdquo;<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u8fd8\u62a5\u544a\u8bf4\uff0c\u7a7a\u6c14\u6c61\u67d3\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u6c14\u5019\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u80fd\u591f\u7ed9\u5357\u4e9a\u5730\u533a\u5e26\u6765\u8d56\u4ee5\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u964d\u96e8\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/2016\/01\/26\/south-asias-air-pollutants-go-global-can-hit-monsoon\/\">\u5b63\u98ce<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5370\u5ea6\u6240\u72ec\u6709\u7684\u3002\u5b5f\u52a0\u62c9\u56fd\u7684\u9996\u90fd<a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/2018\/01\/16\/dhaka-chokes-on-air-pollution\/\">\u8fbe\u5361\u4e5f\u9762\u4e34<\/a>\u7740\u7a7a\u6c14\u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u56fd\u5185\u76d1\u6d4b\u7ad9\u6570\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\u5219\u8868\u660e\u8be5\u56fd\u5bf9<a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/2017\/10\/17\/frogs-in-smog-air-quality-in-lahore\/\">\u5371\u673a\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6<\/a>\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\uff0c\u51ac\u5b63\u6765\u4e34\u4e4b\u524d<a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/2017\/11\/10\/from-bread-basket-to-basket-case\/\">\u711a\u70e7\u79f8\u79c6<\/a>\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u96fe\u973e\u7b3c\u7f69\u5fb7\u91cc\uff0c\u7a7a\u6c14\u6c61\u67d3\u4e5f\u5728\u6b64\u65f6\u8fbe\u5230\u5cf0\u503c\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6c61\u67d3\u95ee\u9898\u4f1a\u6301\u7eed\u4e00\u6574\u5e74\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e0d\u6b62\u662f\u5fb7\u91cc\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/2016\/12\/21\/indias-smaller-cities-more-polluted-than-delhi\/\">\u5c0f\u57ce\u5e02<\/a>\u91cc\u7684\u6c61\u67d3\u95ee\u9898\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u52a0\u4e25\u91cd\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u6536\u96c6\u91cf\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5a92\u4f53\u5f88\u5c11\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7701\u4efd\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u90fd\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6e05\u6d01\u7a7a\u6c14\u8ba1\u5212<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u7531\u5370\u5ea6\u73af\u5883\u3001\u68ee\u6797\u548c\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u90e8\u8d77\u8349\u7684&ldquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/envfor.nic.in\/sites\/default\/files\/NCAP%2520with%2520annex-ilovepdf-compressed.pdf\">\u56fd\u5bb6\u6e05\u6d01\u7a7a\u6c14\u8ba1\u5212<\/a>&rdquo;\uff08NCAP\uff09\u88ab\u5bc4\u4e88\u539a\u671b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8be5\u8ba1\u5212\u76f4\u52305\u670817\u65e5\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u5f81\u6c42\u516c\u4f17\u610f\u89c1\u3002\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8349\u6848\u7f16\u5236\u6c34\u5e73\u8f83\u5dee\uff0c\u5728\u54a8\u8be2\u72ec\u7acb\u4e13\u5bb6\u548c\u7a7a\u6c14\u6c61\u67d3\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6050\u6015\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u8d77\u8349\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u5f53\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u536b\u751f\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08WHO\uff09<a href=\"https:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/world\/india-has-14-out-of-15-most-polluted-cities-in-the-world-\/articleshow\/63997961.cms\">\u58f0\u660e<\/a>\u79f0,2010-2016\u5e74\u5168\u4e16\u754c15\u4e2a\u6c61\u67d3\u6700\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u670914\u4e2a\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u5236\u8349\u6848\u5c31\u66f4\u52a0\u91cd\u8981\u3002<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u5168\u4e16\u754c15\u4e2a\u6c61\u67d3\u6700\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u670914\u4e2a\u5728\u5370\u5ea6<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\n\u200b\u572819\u9875\u7684&ldquo;\u56fd\u5bb6\u6e05\u6d01\u7a7a\u6c14\u8ba1\u5212\u8349\u6848&rdquo;\u4e2d\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u5728\u8d28\u7591\u3001\u8f7b\u89c6\u4e16\u754c\u536b\u751f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7b49\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u3002\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u6c61\u67d3\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u5185\u653f\u90e8\u3001\u4e2d\u592e\u6c61\u67d3\u63a7\u5236\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/cpcb.nic.in\/\">CPCB<\/a>\uff09\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u6c61\u67d3\u63a7\u5236\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4ecd\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u6301\u5426\u5b9a\u6001\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u968f\u7740\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u547c\u5438\u7cfb\u7edf\u75be\u75c5\u53d1\u75c5\u7387\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u91cc\u7684\u533b\u751f\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u7c7b\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u53d1\u75c5\u7387\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u513f\u7ae5\u548c\u8001\u4eba\u7f79\u60a3\u6b64\u7c7b\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u51e0\u7387\u4e0e\u6c61\u67d3\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u5730\u533a\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u7740\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5426\u8ba4\u7f3a\u4e4f\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u66f4\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u8be5\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u672c\u4eba\u6b63\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u533b\u751f\uff1b\u4ed6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u540d\u533b\u52a1\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u4eb2\u8eab\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u540c\u4e8b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u672c\u5e94\u8be5\u80fd\u591f\u8bf4\u670d\u4ed6\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u660e\u767d\u7a7a\u6c14\u6c61\u67d3\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u672a\u88ab\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u5938\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u503c\u5f97\u6b23\u6170\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u73af\u5883\u90e8\u4e0e\u5370\u5ea6\u533b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/www.icmr.nic.in\/\">ICMR<\/a>\uff09\u8054\u5408\u7ec4\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e2\u961f\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u7814\u7a76\u7a7a\u6c14\u6c61\u67d3\u5bf9\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4f46\u73b0\u5728\uff0cNCAP\u8349\u6848\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8be5\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u5c06\u7531\u73af\u5883\u548c\u536b\u751f\u90e8\u95e8\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5ba1\u67e5\u3002\u867d\u7136\u505a\u597d\u7814\u7a76\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5e94\u4ee5\u6b64\u4f5c\u4e3a\u63a8\u8fdf\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u501f\u53e3\u3002\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0cNCAP\u8349\u6848\u7ed9\u4eba\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u5c31\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002<br 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href=\"https:\/\/cpcb.nic.in\/graded-response-action-plan-for-delhi-ncr\/\">GRAP<\/a>\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u867d\u7136\u8be5\u8ba1\u5212\u662f\u7531\u975e\u5e38\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u7ec4\u4e3b\u5bfc\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u5b9e\u65bd\u65b9\u9762\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\u90fd\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u5de5\u5382\u4e3b\u3001\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u7ecf\u7eaa\u4eba\u3001\u8fd0\u8f93\u5546\u3001\u6c7d\u8f66\u5236\u9020\u5546\u3001\u519c\u6c11\u751a\u81f3\u4e2d\u592e\u548c\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u5404\u7ea7\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u6311\u6218\u548c\u6e38\u8bf4\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u8fbe\u6210\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u6700\u591a\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u90e8\u5206\u5b9e\u884c\u3002NCAP\u8349\u6848\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u5230\u77ed\u671f\u5185\u5982\u4f55\u6539\u5584\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u613f\u4ecd\u663e\u4e0d\u8db3<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u89e3\u51b3\u5370\u5ea6\u7a7a\u6c14\u6c61\u67d3\u95ee\u9898\u96be\u5ea6\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u6052\u6cb3\u5e73\u539f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u98ce\u901f\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u5927\u5c71\u8c37\uff0c\u5927\u6c14\u4e2d\u7684\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u96be\u4ee5\u6269\u6563\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5c71\u8c37\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5c0f\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u90fd\u88ab\u6e05\u9664\u4e86\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u6d1b\u6749\u77f6\u6240\u5728\u7684\u5357\u52a0\u5229\u798f\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5c71\u8c37\u3002\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u672c\u8be5\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u4e5f\u594f\u6548\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u662f\u5426\u6709\u843d\u5b9e\u63aa\u65bd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u51b3\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8981\u6c42\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u95e8\u8d77\u8349\u7684\u8349\u6848\u8ba8\u8bba\u653f\u6cbb\u51b3\u5fc3\u6216\u8bb8\u6709\u70b9\u8981\u6c42\u592a\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e00\u5b9a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba8\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u63d0\u9ad8\u516c\u6c11\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5370\u5ea6\u5f88\u591a\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5317\u90e8\u5730\u533a\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u5c45\u6c11\u5982\u4eca\u4f1a\u4e00\u8fb9\u8c08\u8bba\u7740\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u7a7a\u6c14\u6c61\u67d3\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e00\u8fb9\u4ecd\u4f1a\u5f00\u7740\u67f4\u6cb9\u8dd1\u8f66\uff0c\u53bb\u4e70\u5bb6\u7528\u7684\u7a7a\u6c14\u51c0\u5316\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e0\u4e3a\u53f8\u673a\u4e0d\u5b88\u4ea4\u89c4\u5bfc\u81f4\u5feb\u901f\u516c\u4ea4\u901a\u9053\u8ba1\u5212\u7834\u4ea7\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8feb\u5207\u9700\u8981\u91c7\u53d6\u884c\u52a8\u6253\u51fb\u6b64\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u6837\u4e9f\u5f85\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5b98\u5458\u548c\u6280\u672f\u4e13\u5bb6\u9700\u8ba4\u53ef\u7a7a\u6c14\u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u6c11\u95f4\u76d1\u6d4b\u3002\u5728\u5317\u4eac\uff0c\u5f53\u5c45\u6c11\u4eec\u5c06\u7b80\u6613\u7684\u6c61\u67d3\u76d1\u6d4b\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u624b\u673a\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e76\u5f00\u59cb\u56db\u5904\u5206\u4eab\u6c61\u67d3\u6307\u6570\u540e\uff0c\u6709\u5173\u65b9\u9762\u624d\u52a0\u5927\u4e86\u7a7a\u6c14\u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u9632\u63a7\u529b\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\u521a\u4e00\u5192\u5934\u4fbf\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u90e8\u59d4\u548c\u4e2d\u592e\u6c61\u67d3\u63a7\u5236\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u6781\u5927\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5b98\u5458\u6000\u7591\u7a7a\u6c14\u68c0\u6d4b\u4eea\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u5e76\u79f0\u5176\u672a\u8fdb\u884c\u6b63\u786e\u6821\u51c6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6280\u672f\u4e13\u5bb6\u4eec\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4\u7a7a\u6c14\u8d28\u91cf\u5df2\u4e25\u91cd\u5371\u5bb3\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u7279\u5b9a\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u6d53\u5ea6\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u6ca1\u90a3\u4e48\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5b98\u5458\u9700\u8981\u6570\u636e\u6765\u5904\u7406\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u53ca\u5176\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u4f46\u63a5\u53d7\u548c\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8d28\u7591\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u8bc9\u6c42\u624d\u80fd\u66f4\u6709\u529b\u5730\u843d\u5b9e\u76f8\u5173\u6cd5\u89c4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u82f1\u6587\u539f\u6587\u9996\u53d1\u4e8e\u4e2d\u5916\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5b50\u7f51\u7ad9<a 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