{"id":37040,"date":"2006-07-13T18:56:00","date_gmt":"2006-07-13T18:56:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-06-22T22:34:00","modified_gmt":"2020-06-22T22:34:00","slug":"37040","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/zh\/3\/37040\/","title":{"rendered":"\u8fce\u63a5\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u6311\u6218"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e4d\u770b\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u9676\u9189\u4e8e\u6b27\u6d32\u6cb3\u6d41\u98ce\u5149\u7684\u6e38\u5ba2\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5fc3\u65f7\u795e\u6021\u5730\u5c06\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u6de1\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u72b6\u51b5\u60f3\u8c61\u5f97\u5341\u5206\u5b8c\u7f8e\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5927\u9646\u5904\u5904\u6cb3\u6d41\u6e05\u6f88\u3001\u4f9b\u6c34\u5145\u8db3\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u62e5\u6709\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u5374\u8fdc\u975e\u5982\u6b64\uff1a\u4e00\u5927\u5806\u6b27\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u6b63\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u6c34\u6e90<a href=\"https:\/\/observer.guardian.co.uk\/uk_news\/story\/0,,1729155,00.html\">\u4e0d\u8db3<\/a>\uff1b\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u6b63\u906d\u53d7\u7740\u4e24\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6298\u78e8\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u6301\u7eed\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u68d8\u624b\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u4e0d\u8db3\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u82b1\u8d39\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u4ee3\u4ef7\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u53ef\u4ee5\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u5730\u5e26\uff1a&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\uff11\uff0c\u897f\u6b27&mdash;&mdash;\u5305\u62ec\uff11\uff15\u4e2a<a href=\"https:\/\/europa.eu\/\">\u6b27\u76df<\/a>\u6210\u5458\u56fd\uff08\u622a\u81f3\uff12\uff10\uff10\uff14\u5e74\uff09\u548c\u632a\u5a01\u3001\u51b0\u5c9b\u548c\u745e\u5178\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u975e\u6b27\u76df\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff12\uff0c\u4e2d\u6b27&mdash;&mdash;\u5305\u62ec\uff11\uff10\u4e2a\uff12\uff10\uff10\uff14\u5e74\u52a0\u5165\u6b27\u76df\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u5308\u7259\u5229\u3001\u7f57\u9a6c\u5c3c\u4e9a\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6b63\u5728\u7533\u8bf7\u52a0\u5165\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff08\u9884\u5b9a\u4e8e\uff12\uff10\uff10\uff17\u5e74\u52a0\u5165\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff13\uff0c\u4e1c\u6b27&mdash;&mdash;\u5305\u62ec\u4e1c\u5357\u6b27\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u6765\u81ea\u524d\u82cf\u8054\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cisstat.com\/eng\/cis.htm\">\u72ec\u8054\u4f53<\/a>\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fdc\u666f\u8ba1\u5212\u52a0\u5165\u6b27\u76df\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b27\u76df\u6210\u5458\u95ee\u9898\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u6b27\u6d32\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u72b6\u51b5\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6b27\u76df\u51b3\u5b9a\u7740\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u7684\u6c34\u548c\u5e9f\u6c34\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e3a\u7533\u8bf7\u52a0\u5165\u56fd\u5bb6\u52aa\u529b\u8fce\u5408\u5176\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u63d0\u4f9b\u8d44\u91d1\u63f4\u52a9\u3002\u81ea\u4ece\uff12\uff10\u4e16 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class=\"family-name\">Harms\u6444<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u6b27\u76df\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u57ce\u5e02\u5e9f\u6c34\uff08\uff11\uff19\uff19\uff11\uff0f\uff12\uff17\uff11\uff09\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u53e3\u8d85\u8fc7\uff12\uff10\uff10\uff10\u4eba\u7684\u57ce\u9547\u90fd\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6c61\u6c34\u5904\u7406\u5382\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u8fbe\u5230\u4e8c\u7ea7\u6807\u51c6\uff0c&ldquo;\u654f\u611f\u7528\u6c34&rdquo;\u5219\u8981\u8fbe\u5230\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6c34 \u8d44\u6e90\u6846\u67b6\uff08\uff12\uff10\uff10\uff10\uff0f\uff12\uff11\uff19\uff09\uff1a\u5230\uff12\uff10\uff11\uff15\u5e74\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5185\u9646\u6c34\u6e90\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u8fbe\u5230&ldquo;\u826f\u597d\u7684\u751f\u6001\u54c1\u8d28&rdquo;\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u672c\u6761\u9884\u5b9a\uff12\uff10\uff10\uff17\uff0d\uff10\uff18\u5e74\u624d\u4ed8\u8bf8\u5b9e\u65bd\uff0c\u5176\u6240\u8981\u82b1\u8d39\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7 \u8fd8\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u3002\u4ece\uff12\uff10\uff11\uff10\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4f9b\u6c34\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u5e9f\u6c34\u5904\u7406\u90fd\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a&ldquo;\u6210\u672c\u8865\u507f&rdquo;\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8d44\u52a9\u670d\u4ece\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u9f13\u52b1\u8282\u7ea6\u7528 \u6c34\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u8fd8\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a&ldquo;\u5b50\u6307\u4ee4&rdquo;\uff0c\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u9646\u5730\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u6d77\u6d0b\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u996e\u7528\u6c34\uff08\uff11\uff19\uff19\uff18\uff0f\uff18\uff13\uff09\uff1a\u63f4\u5f15\u4e16\u754c\u536b\u751f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6b27\u76df\u7684\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6eb4\u9178\u76d0\u3001\u4e09\u5364\u7532\u70f7\u548c\u94c5\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5206\u522b\u4e8e\uff12\uff10\uff10\uff13\u5e74\u3001\uff12\uff10\uff10\uff18\u5e74\u548c\uff12\uff10\uff11\uff13\u5e74\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6d17\u6d74\u7528\u6c34\uff08\uff11\uff19\uff17\uff16\uff0f\uff11\uff16\uff10\uff06\uff12\uff10\uff10\uff12\uff0f\uff15\uff18\uff11\uff09\uff1a\uff12\uff10\uff10\uff15\u5e74\u88ab\u4fee\u6b63\uff0c\u89c4\u5b9a\u5728\uff12\uff10\uff11\uff15\u5e74\u548c\uff12\uff10\uff12\uff13\u5e74\u9010\u6e10\u5bf9\u6807\u51c6\u8fdb\u884c\u9636\u6bb5\u6027\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u65f6\u6c34\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8868\u4e00\u548c\u8868\u4e8c\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u6b27\u76df\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7ed9\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u4f9b\u6c34\u53ca\u6c61\u6c34\u5904\u7406\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\uff08\u6570\u636e\u5e74\u9650\u4e3a\uff12\uff10\uff10\uff11\uff0d\uff12\uff10\uff10\uff15\uff0c\u7531\u4f5c\u8005\u7efc\u5408\u4e86\uff25\uff25\uff21\u3001\uff2f\uff25\uff23\uff24\u3001\uff24\uff21\uff2e\uff23\uff25\uff25\u548c\uff35\uff2e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8865\u6b63\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div>\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"1\" width=\"480\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\">\n<p align=\"center\">\u8868\u4e00\uff1a\u5168\u90e8\u5c45\u6c11\u81ea\u6765\u6c34\u548c\u4e0b\u6c34\u9053\u5165\u6237\u6bd4\u4f8b<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u81ea\u6765\u6c34<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u4e0b\u6c34\u9053<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u897f\u6b27<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uff19\uff18\uff05<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uff18\uff10\uff05<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u4e2d\u6b27<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uff18\uff18\uff05<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uff14\uff13\uff05<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u4e1c\u6b27<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uff19\uff11\uff05<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uff11\uff17\uff05<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u4e0b\u6c34\u9053\u5efa\u8bbe\u843d\u540e\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u5728\u519c\u6751\u5730\u533a\u5c24\u5176\u7a81\u51fa\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u6ce2\u5170\u7684\u519c\u6751\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u4ec5\u6709\uff14\uff05\u7684\u5c45\u6c11\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0a\u4e86\u4e0b\u6c34\u9053\u7ba1\u7f51\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div>\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"1\" width=\"480\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"5\">\n<p align=\"center\">\u8868\u4e8c\uff1a\u57ce\u5e02\u5e9f\u6c34\u5904\u7406\u6bd4\u4f8b<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u65e0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u521d\u7ea7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u4e8c\u7ea7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u4e09\u7ea7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u897f\u6b27<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uff11\uff10\uff05<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uff19\uff05<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uff13\uff15\uff05<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uff14\uff16\uff05<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u4e2d\u6b27<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uff13\uff17\uff05<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uff11\uff17\uff05<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uff13\uff11\uff05<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uff11\uff15\uff05<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u4e1c\u6b27<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uff12\uff15\uff05<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uff14\uff19\uff05<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uff12\uff16\uff05<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uff10\uff05<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u5230 \uff12\uff10\uff11\uff10\u5e74\uff0c\u968f\u7740&ldquo;\u57ce\u5e02\u5e9f\u6c34\u5904\u7406\u6307\u4ee4&rdquo;\u5b9e\u65bd\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u897f\u6b27\u5730\u533a\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u6c61\u6c34\u5904\u7406\u5c06\u5168\u90e8\u8fbe\u5230\u81f3\u5c11\u4e8c\u7ea7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3002\uff12\uff10\u4e16\u7eaa\uff19\uff10\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e2d\u6b27\u548c\u4e1c\u6b27\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee \u8ddd\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u65b0\u6b27\u76df\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u521d\u6b65\u5b9e\u65bd\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u6210\u679c\u3002\uff08\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u65b0\u52a0\u5165\u7684\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u88ab\u5f3a\u5236\u5c06\u5176\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u90fd\u7eb3\u5165\u5230\u73b0\u5b58\u7684\u6b27\u76df\u6cd5\u89c4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff09\u591a\u6570\u4e1c\u6b27\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\u975e\u5e38\u7cdf\u7cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a \u8bb8\u591a\u8bbe\u65bd\u6839\u672c\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5728\u4fc4\u56fd\u548c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u9996\u90fd\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e1c\u6b27\u5730\u533a\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0b\u6c34\u8bbe\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6c34 \u8d44\u6e90\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u5747\u5300\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u65af\u582a\u7684\u7eb3\u7ef4\u4e9a\u534a\u5c9b\u548c\u90a3\u4e9b\u76f4\u63a5\u53d7\u5230\u83b1\u8335\u6cb3\u4e0e\u591a\u7459\u6cb3\u7b49\u4e3b\u8981\u6c34\u7cfb\u6ecb\u6da6\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff08\u5982\u8377\u5170\u548c\u5308\u7259\u5229\uff09\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0d\u8db3\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210 \u4e3a\u73b0\u5b9e\u95ee\u9898\u3002\uff08\u5e74\u5e73\u5747\u4eba\u5747\u7528\u6c34\u91cf\u5c11\u4e8e\uff11\uff0c\uff17\uff10\uff10\u7acb\u65b9\u7c73\u4e3a\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5c11\u4e8e\uff11\uff0c\uff10\uff10\uff10\u7acb\u65b9\u7c73\u4e3a\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u77ed\u7f3a\u3002\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u6b27\u6d32\u73af\u5883\u673a\u6784\uff08\uff12\uff10\uff10\uff13\uff09\u300a\u6b27\u6d32\u7684 \u6c34\uff1a\u300b\uff09<\/p>\n<div>\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"1\" width=\"480\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"4\">\n<p align=\"center\">\u8868\u4e09\uff1a\u90e8\u5206\u56fd\u5bb6\u6c34\u62bd\u53d6\u91cf\u548c\u53ef\u5229\u7528\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u91cf<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u6c34\u62bd\u53d6\u91cf \uff08\u6240\u5360\u53ef\u518d\u751f\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\uff09<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u53ef\u5229\u7528\u91cf \uff08\u5e74\u4eba\u5747\u7acb\u65b9\u7c73\uff09<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uff11\uff19\uff19\uff10<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uff12\uff10\uff10\uff12<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uff12\uff10\uff10\uff11<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u745e\u5178<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uff12\uff05<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uff11\uff05<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uff12\uff11\uff0c\uff11\uff10\uff14<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u8377\u5170<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uff19\uff05<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uff11\uff10\uff05<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uff17\uff0c\uff13\uff19\uff11<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u6cd5\u56fd<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uff12\uff11\uff05<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uff11\uff18\uff05<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uff13\uff0c\uff13\uff12\uff19<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u548c\u5a01\u5c14\u58eb<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uff12\uff10\uff05<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uff12\uff13\uff05<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uff12\uff0c\uff17\uff12\uff14<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u897f\u73ed\u7259<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uff13\uff13\uff05<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uff13\uff13\uff05<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uff12\uff0c\uff17\uff10\uff13<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u7f57\u9a6c\u5c3c\u4e9a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uff14\uff11\uff05<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uff11\uff17\uff05<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uff11\uff0c\uff17\uff11\uff11<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u6377\u514b<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uff12\uff13\uff05<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uff11\uff12\uff05<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uff11\uff0c\uff15\uff18\uff13<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u4e39\u9ea6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uff18\uff05<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uff14\uff05<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uff11\uff0c\uff11\uff14\uff11<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u7528\u6c34\u91cf\u5982\u679c\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u5176\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\uff12\uff10\uff05\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u53d1\u5730\u533a\u6027\u77ed\u7f3a\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u590f\u5929\u4ee5\u53ca\u964d\u6c34\u91cf\u4f4e\u4e8e\u5e73\u5747\u6c34\u91cf\u7684\u5e74\u4efd\u3002\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u77ed\u7f3a\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/www.water-guide.org.uk\/hose-pipe-bans.html\">\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u5357\u90e8<\/a>\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.unesco.org\/courier\/2000_12\/uk\/planet.htm\">\u897f\u73ed\u7259<\/a>\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u4e39\u9ea6\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6240\u663e\u793a\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u67d0\u4e9b\u63aa\u65bd\u6765\u514b\u670d\u8fd9\u4e00\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u907f\u514d\u8fdb\u884c\u519c\u4e1a\u704c\u6e89\u548c\u7535\u7ad9\u51b7\u5374\u7528\u6c34\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u9f13\u52b1\u751f\u6d3b\u56fd \u5185\u548c\u5546\u4e1a\u7528\u6c34\u6237\u6709\u6548\u7528\u6c34\u3002\u4ece\uff11\uff19\uff19\uff10\u5e74\u5230\uff12\uff10\uff10\uff12\u5e74\uff0c\u6377\u514b\u548c\u7f57\u9a6c\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7684\u7528\u6c34\u91cf\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u8fd9\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\u4ea7\u4e1a\u8131\u79bb\u91cd\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u8d8b\u5411\uff0c\u4e5f\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5bf9\u975e\u56fd\u5185\u7528 \u6c34\u6237\u5f00\u5f81\u6c34\u8d39\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\uff08\u5982\u679c\u7528\u6c34\u6237\u7f34\u7eb3\u6c34\u8d39\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5c31\u4f1a\u51cf\u5c11\u7528\u6c34\u91cf\u3002\uff09\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d8b\u52bf\u5728\u8868\u4e94\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u4f53\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div>\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"1\" width=\"480\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"9\">\n<p align=\"center\">\u8868\u56db\uff1a\u90e8\u5206\u56fd\u5bb6\u4ea7\u4e1a\u90e8\u95e8\u7528\u6c34\u91cf<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u5355\u4f4d\uff1a\u767e\u4e07\u7acb\u65b9\u7c73<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u704c\u6e89<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u516c\u5171\u4e8b\u4e1a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u5de5\u4e1a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u80fd\u6e90<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1990<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2002<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1990<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2002<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1990<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2002<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1990<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2002<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u6cd5\u56fd<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4\uff0c900<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4\uff0c536&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>6\uff0c091<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>6\uff0c276<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4\uff0c444<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3\uff0c822<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>22\uff0c267<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>18\uff0c530<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u5fb7\u56fd<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>616<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>143<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>6\uff0c503<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>5\uff0c409<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>7\uff0c574<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>5\uff0c374<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>28\uff0c766<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>24\uff0c837<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u5308\u7259\u5229<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>433<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>174<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>926<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>802<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>269<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>161<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4\uff0c784<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4\uff0c720<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u7f57\u9a6c\u5c3c\u4e9a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4\uff0c210<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>784<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3\uff0c170<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2\uff0c225<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>7\uff0c300<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>877<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2\uff0c085<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2\uff0c917<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u897f\u73ed\u7259<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>23\uff0c700<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>21, 666<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4\uff0c400<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>5\uff0c299<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1\uff0c900<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1\uff0c444<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4\uff0c500<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>6\uff0c168<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u4e0a\u8868\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u7528\u6c34\u60c5\u51b5\u6b63\u88ab\u63a8\u5411\u540e\u5de5\u4e1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u8fd9\u4e00\u8d8b\u52bf\u7684\u662f\u9ad8\u6548\u519c\u4e1a\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u56fd\u5185\u548c\u5546\u4e1a\uff08\u516c\u5171\u4e8b\u4e1a\uff09\u7528\u6c34\u91cf\u5374\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bb6\u5ead\u89c4\u6a21\u7f29\u5c0f\uff08\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u4eba\u5747\u7528\u6c34\u91cf\u63d0\u9ad8\uff09\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u5316\u53d1\u5c55\uff08\u4f46\u5168\u56fd\u603b\u4eba\u53e3\u5374\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\u751a\u81f3\u51cf\u5c11\uff09\uff0c\u5f00\u5c55\u8282\u6c34<a href=\"https:\/\/www.environment-agency.gov.uk\/subjects\/waterres\/286587\/287169\/?version=1&amp;lang=_e\">\u8fd0\u52a8<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56fd \u5185\u7528\u6c34\u8d39\u7528\u666e\u904d\u4e0a\u6da8\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e86&ldquo;\u6210\u672c\u8865\u507f&rdquo;\u7684\u6c34\u5e73&mdash;&mdash;\u8fd9\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u6267\u884c&ldquo;\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u6846\u67b6\u6307\u4ee4&rdquo;\uff0c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u8282\u6c34\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u539f\u4e1c\u5fb7\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u5728\u8fc7 \u53bb\u7684\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\u4e2d\u6c34\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u91cf\u4e0b\u964d\u4e86\uff14\uff10\uff05\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u6c34\u8d39\u63d0\u9ad8\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u4f9b\u6c34\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u5df2\u7ecf\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\uff15\uff10\u5e74\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u4e45\uff0c\u4e9f\u9700\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u5efa\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u5317 \u90e8\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u5176\u4f9b\u6c34\u8bbe\u65bd\u5df2\u7ecf\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u767e\u5e74\u4ee5\u4e0a\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\uff15\uff10\uff05\u7684\u6c34\u90fd\u4ece<a href=\"https:\/\/business.guardian.co.uk\/story\/0,,1802686,00.html\">\u88c2\u9699<\/a>\u6d41\u5931\u6389\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div>\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"1\" width=\"480\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\">\n<p align=\"center\">\u8868\u4e94\uff1a\u5c45\u6c11\u7528\u6c34\u91cf\u548c\u57ce\u5e02\u7528\u6c34\u6d41\u5931<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u57ce\u5e02\u7528\u6c34\u6d41\u5931\u7387<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u4eba\u5747\u7528\u6c34\u91cf\uff08\u5355\u4f4d\uff1a\u5347\uff09<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u897f\u73ed\u7259<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uff12\uff11\uff05<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uff12\uff16\uff15<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u6cd5\u56fd<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uff13\uff10\uff05<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uff11\uff16\uff15<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u5308\u7259\u5229<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uff13\uff15\uff05<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uff11\uff14\uff10<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u5fb7\u56fd<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uff16\uff05<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\uff11\uff13\uff15<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thewaterpage.com\/climatech_fact_sheet13.htm\">\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316<\/a>\u8feb\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u964d\u4f4e\u7528\u6c34\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u4e86\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u5728\u5929\u6c14\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u6e29\u6696\u7684\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u519c\u4e1a\u548c\u516c\u5171\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7528\u6c34\u91cf\u98d9\u5347\uff0c\u800c\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5185\u9646\u6c34\u6e90\u8d28\u91cf\u5374\u88ab\u708e\u70ed\u7684\u5929\u6c14\u6240\u7834\u574f\u3002\u964d\u6c34\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e5f\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u7740\u53d8\u5316\uff1a\u5317\u6b27\u7684\u603b\u964d\u6c34\u91cf\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5357\u6b27\u7684\u964d\u6c34\u91cf\u5374\u5728\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u6700\u9700\u8981\u96e8\u6c34\u7684\u590f\u5b63\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5185\u9646\u6cb3\u8fd1\u6d77\u6c34\u8d28\u53d7\u5230\u4e24\u5927\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u751f\u6d3b\u7528\u6c34\u3001\u5de5\u4e1a\u7528\u6c34\u548c\u519c\u4e1a\u7528\u6c34\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6240\u6392\u51fa\u5e9f\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u5305\u542b\u7269\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e9f\u6c34\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u600e\u6837\u7684\u5904\u7406\u3002\u4e14\u4e0d\u8bf4\u6b27\u76df\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5fc5\u987b\u9075\u5b88\uff0c\u9ad8\u54c1\u8d28\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.guardian.co.uk\/travelog\/2006\/05\/who_needs_sun_and_sand.html\">\u6d77\u6ee9<\/a>\u548c\u6cb3\u6d41\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u672c\u8eab\u8fd8\u5177\u6709\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f11\u95f2\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u8868\u516d\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5185\u9646\u6c34\u8d28\u4ece\u6c34\u4e2d\u751f\u5316\u8d1f\u8f7d\u91cf\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u603b\u7ed3\uff08\u8d1f\u8f7d\u91cf\u8d8a\u4f4e\uff0c\u6c34\u8d8a\u5e72\u51c0\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<div>\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"1\" width=\"480\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<p align=\"center\">\u8868\u516d\uff1a\u90e8\u5206\u56fd\u5bb6\u5185\u9646\u6c34\u8d28\u91cf<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u5355\u4f4d\uff1a\u6beb\u514b\/\u5347<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1992-95<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1996-99<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2000-02<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u4e0b\u964d<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u4e0d\u53d8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u4e0a\u5347<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u4fdd\u52a0\u5229\u4e9a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>6.88<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.99<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.26<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>53%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>42%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>5%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>&nbsp;\u5308\u7259\u5229<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.15<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.63<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.36<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>53%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>40%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>7%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u6cd5\u56fd<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.23<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.11<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2.69<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>35%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>48%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>17%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u4e39\u9ea6&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2.35<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2.15<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.74<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>31%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>53%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>16%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>&nbsp;\u5965\u5730\u5229<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.95<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.66<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.38<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>77%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>23%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d6\u5f97\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u636e\u521d\u6b65\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u5168\u6b27\u6d32\u6709\uff19\uff13\uff05\u7684\u6cb3\u6d41\u3001\uff18\uff14\uff05\u7684\u6e56\u6cca\u3001\uff19\uff19\uff05\u7684\u8fd1\u6d77\u548c\uff17\uff15\uff05\u7684\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u7684\u6c34\u8d28\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8fbe\u4e0d\u5230\u6b27\u76df&ldquo;\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u6846\u67b6\u6307\u4ee4&rdquo;\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u7ef4\u6301\u6cb3\u6d41\u7684\u6c34\u8d28\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5fc5\u987b\u53d1\u52a8\u65b0\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u4e3a\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u63d0\u4f9b\u7528\u6c34\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b27 \u6d32\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u8fdb\u6b65\u6765\u4e4b\u4e0d\u6613\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fbe\u5230\u6b27\u76df&ldquo;\u57ce\u5e02\u5e9f\u6c34\u5904\u7406\u6307\u4ee4&rdquo;\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u897f\u6b27\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e00\u5171\u82b1\u8d39\u4e86\uff11\uff0c\uff15\uff12\uff10\u4ebf\u6b27\u5143\uff08\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\uff11\uff15\uff0c\uff13\uff10\uff10\u4ebf\u4eba\u6c11\u5e01\uff09\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u6267\u884c&ldquo;\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90 \u6846\u67b6\u6307\u4ee4&rdquo;\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u8fd8\u8981\u518d\u82b1\u53bb\uff15\uff10\uff10\uff0d\uff11\uff0c\uff15\uff10\uff10\u4ebf\u6b27\u5143\uff08\u5373\uff15\uff10\uff10\uff10\u5230\uff11\uff15\uff0c\uff10\uff10\uff10\u4ebf\u4eba\u6c11\u5e01\uff09\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e2d\u6b27\u56fd\u5bb6\u5982\u679c\u8981\u8fbe\u5230\u6b27\u76df\u7684\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u82b1\u8d39\uff13\uff10\uff0d 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