{"id":37167,"date":"2006-11-13T15:32:00","date_gmt":"2006-11-13T15:32:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-06-22T22:34:56","modified_gmt":"2020-06-22T22:34:56","slug":"37167","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/zh\/3\/37167\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5173\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u65af\u7279\u6069\u8bf4\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\uff08\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<div align=\"left\">\n<p>\u9898\u4e3a\u300a\u4ece\u7ecf\u6d4e\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u300b\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sternreview.org.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u65af\u7279\u6069\u62a5\u544a<\/span><\/a>\u4e8e2006\u5e7410\u670830\u65e5\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u53d1\u8868\u3002\u8fd9\u4efd\u62a5\u544a\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bc4\u4f30\u5411\u4f4e\u78b3\u578b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8f6c\u53d8\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u9002\u5e94\u529e\u6cd5\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7279\u522b\u9488\u5bf9\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u6559\u8bad\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u62a5\u544a\u662f\u53d7\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c2005\u5e747\u6708\u7684\u59d4\u6258\u64b0\u5199\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5c3c\u53e4\u62c9\u65af&middot;\u65af\u7279\u6069\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u5374\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u773c\u5149\u8fdb\u884c\u5ba1\u89c6\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f4d\u524d\u4e16\u754c\u94f6\u884c\u9996\u5e2d\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5e08\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u6210\u5458\u5728\u8c03\u7814\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u673a\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u7ad9\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6b63\u5728\u5d1b\u8d77\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u5de8\u4eba\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u3002\uff08\u8fd9\u4efd\u62a5\u544a\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hm-treasury.gov.uk\/media\/8AC\/F7\/Executive_Summary.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u7ed3\u8bba\u6458\u8981<\/span><\/a>\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hm-treasury.gov.uk\/media\/A81\/24\/stern_shortsummary_mandarin.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u4e2d\u6587<\/span><\/a>\u53d1\u8868\u3002\uff09\u4e2d\u56fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u91c7\u53d6\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u6709\u7740&ldquo;\u6700\u91ce\u5fc3\u52c3\u52c3\u7684\u51cf\u6392\u6e29\u5ba4\u6c14\u4f53\u7684\u653f\u7b56&rdquo;\uff0c\u5b83\u548c\u5176\u5b83\u5df2\u7ecf\u91c7\u53d6\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u5730\u533a\u4e00\u8d77\u5728\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u88ab\u5217\u4e3e\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u5168\u7403\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u5bcc\u6709\u91ce\u5fc3\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div align=\"left\">\n<p>\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u6458\u8981\u8bf4\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u5728\u672a\u6765\u7ea650\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u5e73\u5747\u6c14\u6e29\u5c06\u4e0a\u53472-3&ordm; 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align=\"left\">\n<p>\u5728\u5173\u4e8e\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u5bf9\uff08\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff09\u589e\u957f\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u90a3\u6bb5\u91cc\uff0c\u62a5\u544a\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u3002\u62a5\u544a\u8b66\u544a\u8bf4\uff1a&ldquo;\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u5c06\u4f1a\u7ed9\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u51b0\u5ddd\u878d\u5316\u50a8\u6c34\u4ee5\u6e21\u8fc7\u65f1\u5b63\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u5e26\u6765\u4e25\u91cd\u540e\u679c\u3002&rdquo;\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe23%\u7684\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u897f\u90e8\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u9760\u51b0\u5ddd\u878d\u6c34\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u52302.5\u4ebf\u4eba\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6240\u6709\u7684\u51b0\u5ddd\u90fd\u786e\u786e\u5b9e\u5b9e\u5728\u878d\u5316\uff0c\u81ea\u4ece\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u90a3\u91cc\u7684\u6cc9\u6c34\u6d41\u91cf\u51e0\u4e4e\u63d0\u524d\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6708\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div align=\"left\">\n<p>&ldquo;\u6c34\u6d41\u6700\u521d\u968f\u7740\u6625\u5929\u51b0\u5ddd\u52a0\u901f\u878d\u5316\u800c\u52a0\u5927\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u707e\u5bb3\u6027\u7684\u51b0\u6e56\u6e83\u51b3\u6ce5\u77f3\u6d41\u7684\u5371\u9669\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u559c\u9a6c\u62c9\u96c5\u5c71\u533a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6625\u5b63\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u7f3a\u6c34\u3002\u957f\u6b64\u4ee5\u5f80\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u51b0\u5ddd\u5168\u90e8\u878d\u5316\uff0c\u65f1\u5b63\u7684\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u5c06\u4f1a\u6c38\u8fdc\u6d88\u5931\u3002&rdquo;\u51b0\u6e56\u6e83\u51b3\u6ce5\u77f3\u6d41\u662f\u6307\u5305\u56f4\u51b0\u5ddd\u6e56\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u58c1\u5792\u574d\u584c\u540e\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6c34\u503e\u6cfb\u800c\u51fa\u9020\u6210\u7684\u707e\u96be\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u90bb\u56fd\u5c3c\u6cca\u5c14\u5c31\u662f\u7279\u522b\u5bb9\u6613\u906d\u53d7\uff08\u51b0\u6e56\u6e83\u51b3\u6ce5\u77f3\u6d41\uff09\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div 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align=\"left\">\n<p>\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u5a01\u80c1\u5230\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u6d88\u9664\u8d2b\u56f0\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4ece\u519c\u4f5c\u7269\u4ea7\u91cf\u548c\u98df\u54c1\u5b89\u5168\u7cfb\u6570\u964d\u4f4e\u5230\u6d3b\u6c34\u6c34\u6d41\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u6c14\u5019\u6a21\u578b\u9884\u62a5\u4e86\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u5bf9\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4e0d\u5229\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd9\u6837\u5e45\u5458\u8fbd\u9614\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u533a\u7684\u6c14\u5019\u5343\u5dee\u4e07\u522b\uff0c\u4f46\u5168\u56fd\u5730\u9762\u7a7a\u6c14\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6e29\u5ea6\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0a\u5347\u4e860.5\u52300.8\u6444\u6c0f\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5317\u90e8\u548c\u897f\u85cf\u9ad8\u539f\u7684\u6c14\u6e29\u4e0a\u5347\u60c5\u51b5\u53c8\u6bd4\u4e2d\u56fd\u5357\u90e8\u66f4\u52a0\u660e\u663e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div align=\"left\">\n<p>\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff0c&ldquo;\u6c14\u6e29\u4e0a\u5347\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6e29\u5e26\u5317\u79fb\uff0c\u5e72\u65f1\u5730\u533a\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u5411\u5317\u6269\u5f20\u3002\u50cf\u4e0a\u6d77\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u5c06\u9762\u4e34\u66f4\u9891\u7e41\u548c\u66f4\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u70ed\u6d6a\u88ad\u51fb\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u7ed9\u8fc5\u901f\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u4eba\u53e3\u5e26\u6765\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u4e0d\u9002\u3002&rdquo;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div align=\"left\">\n<p>\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u9762\u4e34\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u77ed\u7f3a\uff0c\u4f46\u968f\u7740\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u5b81\u590f\u3001\u7518\u8083\u3001\u9655\u897f\u548c\u5409\u6797\u7b49\u5317\u90e8\u7701\u4efd\u3002\u5728\u672a\u676550\u5e74\u81f3100\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5305\u62ec\u798f\u5efa\u3001\u6d59\u6c5f\u548c\u6c5f\u897f\u5728\u5185\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5357\u90e8\u7701\u4efd\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u964d\u96e8\u91cf\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u964d\u96e8\u5c06\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6d2a\u707e\uff0c\u800c\u6d2a\u707e\u5c06\u4e25\u91cd\u6d88\u8017\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u56fd\u5185\u751f\u4ea7\u603b\u503c\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u4f9b\u5e94\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u533a\u7684\u519c\u4e1a\u4ea7\u51fa\u548c\u519c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u4f1a\u6709\u5dee\u522b\u3002\u5168\u9762\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u89c1\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5317\u90e8\u548c\u897f\u5317\u6700\u8106\u5f31\u76847\u4e2a\u7701\u4efd\u519c\u4ea7\u91cf\u7684\u51c0\u503c\u4f1a\u51cf\u5c11\uff087\u7701\u7ea6\u5360\u5168\u56fd\u53ef\u8015\u79cd\u571f\u5730\u603b\u6570\u768425%\uff0c\u519c\u4e1a\u4ea7\u503c\u5360\u5168\u56fd\u768414%\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div align=\"left\">\n<p>\u5173\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5f71\u54cd\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greenhouse_gas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener 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align=\"left\">\n<p>\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u62a5\u544a\u8fd8\u6307\u51fa\uff0c&ldquo;\u7531\u4e8e\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u4eba\u53e3\u589e\u957f\u7387\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u4eba\u5747\u6392\u653e\u91cf\u7684\u589e\u957f\u901f\u5ea6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u66f4\u5feb\u3002\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6392\u653e\u901f\u5ea6\u5c06\u6bd4\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u5feb\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u52a0\u4e25\u683c\u5173\u6ce8\u4e2d\u56fd\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u548c\u5df4\u897f\u8fd9\u7c7b\u8f83\u5927\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u7684\u51cf\u6392\u60c5\u51b5\u3002&rdquo;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div align=\"left\">\n<p>\u65af\u7279\u6069\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u6c61\u67d3\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u56e0\u6536\u5165\u6c34\u5e73\u63d0\u9ad8\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c&ldquo;\u5728\u5168\u7403\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u53d8\u5bcc\u540e\u6e34\u671b\u51cf\u6392\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u4e3b\u52a8\u51cf\u6392&rdquo;\uff0c&ldquo;\u4f46\u968f\u7740\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u5371\u673a\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u9010\u6e10\u52a0\u6df1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u60c5\u51b5\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u6539\u53d8&rdquo;\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\u88ab\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u603b\u4f53\u6392\u78b3\u91cf\u4e0a\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u66f4\u5c0f\u3002\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u6536\u5165\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u7a7a\u8c03\u548c\u6c7d\u8f66\u7b49\u9ad8\u6392\u78b3\u4ea7\u54c1\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u8fd8\u5c06\u6301\u7eed\u589e\u52a0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div align=\"left\">\n<p>\u62a5\u544a\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u5168\u7403\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c&ldquo;\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5e72\u9884\uff0c\u6536\u5165\u589e\u957f\u548c\u4eba\u5747\u6392\u91cf\u7684\u957f\u671f\u6b63\u6bd4\u5173\u7cfb\u5c06\u6301\u7eed\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002\u6253\u7834\u8fd9\u79cd\u8054\u7cfb\u9700\u8981\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u4e0a\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u5bf9\u78b3\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u5546\u54c1\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5b9a\u4ef7\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u79d1\u6280\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u7a81\u7834&rdquo;\u3002\u65af\u7279\u6069\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ea\u8981\u91c7\u53d6&ldquo;\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u653f\u7b56&rdquo;\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u8fd9\u79cd\u8054\u7cfb\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c&ldquo;\u4ec5\u9760\u63d0\u9ad8\u751f\u4ea7\u6548\u7387\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u6d88\u9664\u6536\u5165\u589e\u957f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u65af\u7279\u6069\u62a5\u544a\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u672a\u6765\u5f62\u52bf\u7684\u63a8\u6d4b\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u5e45\u51cf\u5c11\u80fd\u6e90\u5bc6\u96c6\u4ea7\u4e1a\uff0c\u4f46\u6309\u7167\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u80fd\u6e90\u9700\u6c42\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4ecd\u5728\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u589e\u957f\u3002&rdquo;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div align=\"left\">\n<p>\u65af\u7279\u6069\u8fd8\u786e\u4fe1\uff0c\u4e3a\u652f\u6301\u884c\u4e4b\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6e29\u5ba4\u6c14\u4f53\u51cf\u6392\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u589e\u52a0\u78b3\u878d\u8d44\uff08\u7528\u4e8e\u8d2d\u4e70\u6e29\u5ba4\u6c14\u4f53\u51cf\u6392\uff09\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u80fd\u52a0\u901f\u5411\u4f4e\u78b3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u62a5\u544a\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5207\u65ad\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u548c\u6e29\u5ba4\u6c14\u4f53\u6392\u653e\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u6b63\u5728\u91c7\u53d6\u91cd\u8981\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c&ldquo;\u4e2d\u56fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u91ce\u5fc3\u52c3\u52c3\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u8981\u57282006\u81f32010\u5e74\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5355\u4f4d\u56fd\u5185\u751f\u4ea7\u603b\u503c\u7684\u80fd\u8017\u51cf\u5c1120%\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u63a8\u5e7f\u4f7f\u7528\u53ef\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\u3002&rdquo;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div 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