{"id":37191,"date":"2006-12-08T15:29:00","date_gmt":"2006-12-08T15:29:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-06-22T22:35:07","modified_gmt":"2020-06-22T22:35:07","slug":"37191","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/zh\/uncategorized-zh\/37191\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f01\u4e1a\u73af\u5883\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u65b0\u5c55\u671b"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<p>\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f01\u4e1a\u73af\u5883\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5927\u4f53\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u4ece\u5efa\u56fd\u521d\u671f\u5230<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E5%BC%80%E6%94%BE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener 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href=\"https:\/\/www.chinaenvironment.net\/sino\/sino2\/page5.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u6cd5\u5f8b<\/a>\u7a7a\u5b50\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u5f88\u591a\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u51fa\u4e8e\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165\u7684\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u6267\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4e25\u3001\u7eb5\u5bb9\u6c61\u67d3\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u73af\u5883\u7ba1\u7406\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u53ea\u662f\u6302\u5728\u5634\u8fb9\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5\u4ece\u4e5d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u540e\u671f\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5de5\u4e1a\u6c61\u67d3\u5df2\u7ecf\u5230\u4e86\u4e0d\u6cbb\u4e0d\u53ef\u7684\u5883\u5730\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chinadialogue.net\/blog\/show\/single\/ch\/580-China-punishes-officials-a-year-after-toxic-spill\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener 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href=\"https:\/\/www.grist.org\/news\/maindish\/2001\/05\/29\/grossman-bites\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u9ec4\u6c99\u6f2b\u5929<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipe.org.cn\/index.jsp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener 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href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%9B%BD%E6%9C%89%E4%BC%81%E4%B8%9A\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a<\/a>\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c\u8fc7\u4ece\u751a\u5bc6\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u8981\u6446\u51fa\u4e00\u5e45\u9ad8\u59ff\u6001\uff0c\u4ee5\u793a\u5bf9\u653f\u5e9c\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u6218\u7565\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff1b\u8de8\u56fd\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u4e0b\u5c5e\u4f01\u4e1a\u5219\u9700\u8981\u7167\u987e\u5230\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u5168\u7403\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u5728\u73af\u5883\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u9762\u6b65\u6b65\u4e3a\u8425\uff0c\u552f\u6050\u7a0d\u6709\u4e0d\u614e\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u5168\u7403\u5a92\u4f53\u548c\u8d44\u672c\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u8fde\u9501\u53cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f83\u800c\u8a00\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.usembassy-china.org.cn\/econ\/smes2002.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u4e2d\u5c0f\u4f01\u4e1a<\/a>\u7684\u54c1\u724c\u4ef7\u503c\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5bf9\u6765\u81ea\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u73af\u5883\u538b\u529b\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4e88\u4ee5\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u4f01\u4e1a\u53c8\u4ee5\u4e2d\u5c0f\u578b\u7684\u6e2f\u53f0\u8d44\u4f01\u4e1a\u548c\u4e61\u9547\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e3a\u6700\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5927\u591a\u7ecf\u8425\u76ae\u9769\u3001\u670d\u88c5\u3001\u9020\u7eb8\u3001\u91d1\u5c5e\u52a0\u5de5\u7b49\u6c61\u67d3\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u751f\u610f\uff0c\u4e14\u751f\u4ea7\u5de5\u827a\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0d\u9ad8\uff0c\u5bf9\u6211\u56fd\u4e61\u9547\u4e00\u7ea7\u7684\u751f\u6001\u73af\u5883\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u4e25\u91cd\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u8fc7\u53bb\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u6b64\u7c7b\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u805a\u96c6\u5730\u5df2\u6df1\u53d7\u5176\u5bb3\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chinadaily.com.cn\/china\/2006-10\/20\/content_712573.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u73e0\u6c5f\u4e09\u89d2\u6d32\u5730\u533a<\/a>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f01\u4e1a\u4ecd\u987d\u56fa\u4e0d\u5316\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u73af\u5883\u7ba1\u7406\u53ea\u4f1a\u5f92\u589e\u8fd0\u8425\u6210\u672c\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u60f3\u65b9\u8bbe\u6cd5\u6e38\u8d70\u4e8e\u653f\u5e9c\u6cd5\u89c4\u6216\u91c7\u8d2d\u5546\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u8fb9\u7f18\uff0c\u65f6\u523b\u505a\u597d\u8d8a\u8f68\u7684\u51c6\u5907\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u602a\u73b0\u8c61\u4e5f\u7531\u6b64\u800c\u751f\uff1a\u6709\u4e9b\u4f01\u4e1a\u5b89\u88c5\u597d\u6c61\u6c34\u5904\u7406\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u5374\u4ece\u6765\u4e0d\u7528\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u653f\u5e9c\u68c0\u67e5\u56e2\u6765\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u624d\u6f14\u793a\u4e00\u4e0b\uff1b\u6709\u4e9b\u4f01\u4e1a\u767d\u5929\u4e0d\u6562\u6392\u6c61\uff0c\u665a\u4e0a\u5374\u8086\u65e0\u5fcc\u60ee\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u5168\u662f\u574f\u86cb\u3002\u7a83\u4ee5\u4e3a\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u4e2a\u522b\u9ed1\u5fc3\u8001\u677f\u5916\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u8fd8\u662f\u826f\u5fc3\u672a\u6cef\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u73af\u4fdd\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u9677\u5165\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u5883\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u4f01\u4e1a\u73af\u5883\u7ba1\u7406\u77e5\u4e4b\u751a\u5c11\uff0c\u4e0d\u61c2\u5f97\u9664\u4e86\u82b1\u94b1\u4e70\u8bbe\u5907\u4ee5\u5916\u8fd8\u80fd\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u7b14\u8005\u5c31\u66fe\u7ecf\u542c\u5230\u4e00\u4f4d\u7535\u9540\u5382\u8001\u677f\u7684\u62b1\u6028\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fbe\u5230\u73af\u4fdd\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4ed6\u65b0\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5382\u623f\uff0c\u6dfb\u7f6e\u4e86\u56fd\u5916\u7684\u5148\u8fdb\u751f\u4ea7\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u5f15\u8fdb\u4e86\u56fd\u5916\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u5de5\u827a\uff0c\u8fd8\u914d\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u6c61\u6c34\u5904\u7406\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4ece\u751f\u4ea7\u5de5\u827a\u5230\u6c61\u6c34\u6392\u653e\u5b8c\u5168\u8fbe\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u7ebf\u6295\u4ea7\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u751f\u4ea7\u6d41\u7a0b\u751f\u4ea7\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u6210\u672c\u9ad8\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\uff0c\u5728\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\uff0c\u539f\u6765\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u90fd\u5acc\u8d35\u800c\u4e0d\u4e70\u4ed6\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u4e3a\u6b64\u5341\u5206\u6028\u6124\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u95ee\u9898\u5f52\u548e\u4e8e\u73af\u5883\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6c9f\u901a\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u8fd9\u4f4d\u8001\u677f\u5bf9\u4f01\u4e1a\u73af\u5883\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u4e24\u70b9\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bef\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u4ed6\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e70\u4e86\u8bbe\u5907\u5c31\u80fd\u53d8\u6210\u73af\u4fdd\u4f01\u4e1a\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u73af\u5883\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u4e70\u8bbe\u5907\u3001\u4e70\u5de5\u827a\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u672c\u8eab\u624d\u662f\u6700\u5173\u952e\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u5de5\u827a\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u82b1\u94b1\u4e70\u6765\uff0c\u800c\u7ba1\u7406\u5219\u4e0d\u7136\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5fc3\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u597d\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u73af\u5883\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u597d\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u3001\u597d\u7684\u5de5\u827a\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8282\u7ea6\u539f\u6750\u6599\u3001\u8282\u7ea6\u80fd\u6e90\u3001\u8282\u7ea6\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u672c\u964d\u4f4e\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u8fd0\u8425\u6210\u672c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u70b9\uff0c\u4ed6\u72af\u4e86&ldquo;\u523b\u821f\u6c42\u5251&rdquo;\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u65b0\u7684\u5f62\u52bf\u4e0b\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4f4d\u76ee\u6807\u5ba2\u6237\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u4ed6\u80fd\u591f\u751f\u4ea7\u9ad8\u73af\u4fdd\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u5c31\u4e0d\u5e94\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5c40\u9650\u5728\u5f53\u5730\u6216\u8005\u56fd\u5185\uff1b\u4ed6\u5e94\u8be5\u653e\u773c\u5168\u7403\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u5bfb\u627e\u613f\u610f\u82b1\u94b1\u4e70\u73af\u4fdd\u7684\u4e70\u5bb6\u3002\u5728\u5730\u7403\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u7aef\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u77e5\u540d\u4f01\u4e1a\u5728\u4e3a\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u73af\u4fdd\u7684\u4f9b\u5e94\u5546\u800c\u72af\u6101\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u80fd\u591f\u628a\u4e70\u5356\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u8fde\u63a5\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6240\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u73af\u5883\u6210\u672c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5b8c\u5168\u6d88\u5316\u6389\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7ee7\u7eed\u4fdd\u6301\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u80fd\u591f\u6362\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c6\u89d2\u770b\u5f85\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u66f4\u5e7f\u9614\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u548c\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6210\u672c\u3002\u9057\u61be\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u80fd\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u773c\u5149\u3002\u9020\u6210\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c40\u9762\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5c40\u9650\u5916\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u4e5f\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u63a8\u52a8\u5de5\u4e1a\u6c61\u67d3\u6cbb\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u73af\u5883\u7eaf\u7cb9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u516c\u5171\u54c1\u770b\u5f85\uff0c\u8ba9\u4eba\u611f\u89c9\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u52d2\u4ee4\u4f01\u4e1a\u727a\u7272\u79c1\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\u53bb\u4fdd\u62a4\u793e\u4f1a\u5229\u76ca\uff1b\u653f\u5e9c\u6240\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b80\u5355\u548c\u7c97\u66b4\uff08\u68c0\u67e5\u3001\u5904\u7f5a\u3001\u505c\u4ea7\u3001\u5173\u95ed\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u529e\u6cd5\u867d\u7136\u80fd\u591f\u552c\u4f4f\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ba9\u4f01\u4e1a\u670d\u6c14\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u4f1a\u60f3\u65b9\u8bbe\u6cd5\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c\u5468\u65cb\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u50cf\u732b\u6293\u8001\u9f20\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6c38\u8fdc\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed3\u5c40\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u8981\u626d\u8f6c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c40\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u8f6c\u53d8\u65e7\u7684\u6c61\u67d3\u6cbb\u7406\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u672b\u7aef\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4ece\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u8ba9\u4f01\u4e1a&ldquo;\u77e5\u5176\u9053\u3001\u7528\u5176\u5999&rdquo;\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u5c06\u4f01\u4e1a\u73af\u5883\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u7cbe\u9ad3\u6574\u5408\u5230\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ecf\u8425\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u53bb\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ecf\u8425\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u53cc\u8d62\u3002\u5f53\u524d\u5f88\u591a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f01\u4e1a\u6280\u672f\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0d\u9ad8\uff0c\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u662f\u7c97\u653e\u5f0f\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u7ee9\u6548\u63d0\u5347\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u52a0\u4ee5\u5408\u7406\u5f15\u5bfc\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4f01\u4e1a\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7115\u53d1\u65b0\u751f\uff0c\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u73af\u4fdd\u4e14\u66f4\u6709\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u56fd\u5185\u5176\u5b9e\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u521b\u65b0\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/www.eecz.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u505a\u6cd5<\/a>\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u4e2d\u5fb7\u8054\u5408\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u6d59\u6c5f\u7701\u4f01\u4e1a\u73af\u4fdd\u54a8\u8be2\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f53\u5730\u4f01\u4e1a\u5f15\u5165\u5fb7\u56fd\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u73af\u5883\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5b9e\u8df5\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f01\u4e1a\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6548\u76ca\u3001\u73af\u5883\u6548\u76ca\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ba1\u7406\u6548\u76ca\u7684\u591a\u8d62\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ecf\u9a8c\u503c\u5f97\u501f\u9274\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>\u90ed\u6c9b\u6e90\u662f<\/em><em>\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f01\u4e1a\u793e\u4f1a\u8d23\u4efb\u4e13\u5bb6\uff0c\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u3002\u8d44\u8baf\u7f51\u7ad9-<a href=\"https:\/\/www.syntao.com\/index.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u5546\u9053\u7eb5\u6a2a<\/a>-\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u53d1\u8868\u5728&ldquo;\u4e2d\u5916\u5bf9\u8bdd&rdquo;\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\u6709\u5173\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u4f5c\u54c1\uff1a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chinadialogue.net\/article\/show\/single\/ch\/369-Greening-business-Green-grows-the-opportunity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> \u7eff\u8272\u53d1\u5c55\u5e26\u6765\u5546\u673a<\/a><em><br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u9875\u56fe\u7247<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/people\/stridli\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Astrid 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