{"id":37239,"date":"2007-01-17T16:30:00","date_gmt":"2007-01-17T16:30:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-09-21T11:31:30","modified_gmt":"2020-09-21T11:31:30","slug":"37239","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/zh\/5\/37239\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6539\u5584\u751f\u6001\u7684\u7eff\u8272\u9769\u547d"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<p>\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5f00\u5c55\u4e86\u4ee5\u6c34\u7a3b\u7b49\u4f5c\u7269\uff0c\u7531\u9ad8\u79c6\u53d8\u77ee\u79c6\uff0c\u5e76\u8f85\u52a9\u519c\u836f\u3001\u5316\u80a5\u3001\u519c\u4e1a\u673a\u68b0\u7b49\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Green_Revolution\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u7eff\u8272\u9769\u547d<\/a>\u3002\u8fd9\u573a\u9769\u547d\u89e3\u51b3\u4e8619\u4e2a\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u7cae\u98df\u81ea\u7ed9\u81ea\u8db3\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u671f\u95f4\u5168\u7403<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ibiblio.org\/lunarbin\/worldpop\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u4eba\u53e3<\/a>\u540c\u6b65\u6fc0\u589e\uff0c\u73af\u5883\u6c61\u67d3\u52a0\u5267\u3002\u4eca\u540e\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u53e3\u5c06\u4ece60\u4ebf\u589e\u81f390\u4ebf\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u7eff\u8272\u9769\u547d\u7684\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u5c31\u96be\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u6ee1\u8db3\u5e9e\u5927\u4eba\u53e3\u5bf9\u98df\u7269\u548c\u751f\u6001\u73af\u5883\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u7cae\u519c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u547c\u5401\u53d1\u8d77\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u7eff\u8272\u9769\u547d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u7eff\u8272\u9769\u547d\u4ee5\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e3a\u6b66\u5668\u5462\uff1f\u8981\u5728\u53ef<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chinadialogue.net\/article\/show\/single\/ch\/684-The-terrible-cost-of-China-s-growth-part-one-\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u8015\u5730<\/a>\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chinadialogue.net\/article\/show\/single\/ch\/362-Fresh-water-thinking-for-a-thirsty-nation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u6de1\u6c34<\/a>\u8d44\u6e90\u65e5\u8d8b\u7d27\u5f20\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u65e2\u8981\u514b\u670d\u5316\u80a5\u548c\u6740\u866b\u5242\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u548c\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u4e0d\u5229\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u53c8\u8981\u8003\u8651\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u5bf9\u4f5c\u7269\u751f\u957f\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u5371\u5bb3\uff0c\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7cae\u98df\u589e\u4ea7\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u201c\u82db\u523b\u6761\u4ef6\u201d\u65e0\u7591\u5bf9\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u7eff\u8272\u9769\u547d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u4e3a\u7834\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u96be\u9898\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u60f3\u5230\u4e86\u201c\u8f6c\u57fa\u56e0\u201d\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u6316\u6398\u57fa\u56e0\u8d44\u6e90\u3001\u8f6c\u79fb\u6709\u6548\u57fa\u56e0\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7cae\u98df\u589e\u4ea7\u3002\u5229\u7528\u8f6c\u57fa\u56e0\u6280\u672f\u6539\u826f\u4f5c\u7269\uff0c\u88ab\u5a92\u4f53\u79f0\u4e3a\u65b0\u7eff\u8272\u9769\u547d\u7684\u201c\u6700\u5927\u4eae\u70b9\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u53ef\u5c06\u4efb\u4f55\u5f02\u79cd<a href=\"https:\/\/www.safe-food.org\/-issue\/ge.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u57fa\u56e0<\/a>\u79fb\u5165\u4f5c\u7269\u4e2d\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u54c1\u79cd\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u65b0\u54c1\u79cd\u66f4\u65b0\u65f6\u95f4\u7f29\u77ed\u5230\u4f20\u7edf\u80b2\u79cd\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u675c\u90a6\u516c\u53f8\u548c\u5b5f\u5c71\u90fd(Monsanto)\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u6b27\u6d32\u8bfa\u74e6\u63d0\u65af(Novartis)\u516c\u53f8\u7b49\uff0c\u6295\u5165\u5de8\u8d44\u53c2\u4e0e\u8f6c\u57fa\u56e0\u6280\u672f\u7684\u7814\u53d1\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u5148\u9a71\u516c\u53f8\u66f4\u5c06\u7389\u7c73\u76848\u4e07\u4e2a\u57fa\u56e0\u5e8f\u5217\u7834\u8bd1\u4e8675%\uff0c\u4f30\u8ba15\u5e74\u5185\u53ef\u5168\u90e8\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u5b5f\u5c71\u90fd\u516c\u53f8\u5219\u8bd5\u56fe\u8bc6\u522b\u63a7\u5236\u5176\u5b83\u57fa\u56e0\u768415%\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u4ee5\u638c\u63e1\u64cd\u7eb5\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u5728\u4eba\u53e3\u6700\u591a\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u8f6c\u57fa\u56e0\u58f0\u97f3\u4e00\u6d6a\u9ad8\u8fc7\u4e00\u6d6a\u3002\u5f15\u8fdb\u52a8\u690d\u7269\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5916\u6e90\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u4f5c\u7269\u4ea7\u91cf\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u4e1a\u5185\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u9752\u7750\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u8f6c\u57fa\u56e0\u6297\u866b\u68c9\u3001\u8f6c\u57fa\u56e0\u6297\u9ec4\u77ee\u75c5\u51ac\u5c0f\u9ea6\u3001\u8f6c\u57fa\u56e0\u6297\u767d\u53f6\u67af\u75c5\u6c34\u7a3b\u3001\u8f6c\u57fa\u56e0\u6297\u9664\u8349\u5242\u6c34\u7a3b\u3001\u8f6c\u57fa\u56e0\u6297\u9752\u67af\u75c5\u9a6c\u94c3\u85af\u3001\u8f6c\u57fa\u56e0\u7389\u7c73\u65b0\u54c1\u79cd\u7b49\uff1b<a href=\"https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/channel\/health\/gm-food\/dn1841\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u8d85\u7ea7\u732a<\/a>\u3001\u4f18\u79cd\u725b\u3001\u7f8a\u3001\u732a\u80da\u80ce\u5206\u5272\u3001\u79fb\u690d\u4e0e\u6027\u522b\u63a7\u5236\u53ca\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5316\uff1b\u57fa\u56e0\u5de5\u7a0b\u75ab\u82d7\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u53cd\u5e94\u5668\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u7eb7\u7eb7\u5217\u5165\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f18\u5148\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u65e5\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u4ece\u4e0a\u9762\u957f\u957f\u7684\u6e05\u5355\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u96be\u770b\u51fa\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u773c\u91cc\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u7eff\u8272\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u4f9d\u65e7\u662f\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7cae\u98df\u4ea7\u91cf\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e0c\u5180\u7684\u7eff\u8272\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u800c\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540c\u7b49\u91cd\u8981\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u52a0\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u2014\u2014\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u4e2d\u56fd\u6bcf\u5e74\u751f\u4ea7\u7cae\u98df4.8\u4ebf\u5428\uff0c1.8\u4ebf\u5428\u4f9b\u7ed9\u4eba\u6d88\u8d39\uff0c1.2\u4ebf\u5428\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9972\u6599\u4f9b\u7ed9\u755c\u7267\u4e1a(\u5360\u7cae\u98df\u603b\u4ea7\u91cf\u768425%)\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u732a\u9972\u6599\u8fd11\u4ebf\u5428\uff0c\u732a\u662f\u4ec5\u6b21\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8017\u7cae\u5927\u6237\u3002\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u7cae\u98df\u4ea7\u91cf\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8089\u548c\u5976\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u800c\u4ee5\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u7eff\u8272\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u79f8\u79c6\u4e0a\u505a\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u7cae\u98df\u4e0a\u505a\u6587\u7ae0\uff1b\u662f\u5229\u7528\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u7684\u539f\u7406\u89e3\u51b3\u98df\u7269\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u73af\u5883\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7528\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u601d\u8def\u5236\u9020\u73af\u5883\u6c61\u67d3(\u5316\u80a5\u3001\u519c\u836f\u3001\u5730\u819c\u7b49)\uff1b\u662f\u5229\u7528\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u4e2d\u7684\u7269\u79cd\u589e\u52a0\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u98df\u7269(\u5982\u725b\u3001\u7f8a\u8089\u548c\u5976\u98df\u54c1)\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7528\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5c0f\u5c0f\u57fa\u56e0\u83b7\u5f97\u4eba\u7c7b\u671f\u671b\u7684\u98df\u7269(\u5982\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u7cae\u98df)\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5c06\u773c\u5149\u76f4\u63a5\u76ef\u5728\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cae\u98df\u4ea7\u91cf\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c06\u4eba\u4eec\u5e9f\u5f03\u768450%\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5149\u5408\u4ea7\u7269(\u4ee5\u79f8\u79c6\u4e3a\u4e3b)\uff0c\u9ad8\u6548\u5faa\u73af\u5229\u7528\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u690d\u7269\u751f\u4ea7(\u622a\u83b7\u592a\u9633\u80fd)\u3001\u52a8\u7269\u751f\u4ea7(\u6536\u83b7\u8089\u5976\u7b49\u98df\u54c1)\u3001\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u751f\u4ea7(\u751f\u4ea7\u9972\u6599\u548c\u80a5\u6599)\u7b49\uff0c\u4f7f\u5355\u4f4d\u571f\u5730\u9762\u79ef\u5347\u503c\uff0c\u65e2\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u98df\u7269\uff0c\u53c8\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u80a5\u6599\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/extension.usu.edu\/files\/gardpubs\/organic.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u6709\u673a\u80a5\u589e<\/a>\u52a0\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4e\u4ea7\u7530\u6539\u9020\uff0c\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u53ef\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cae\u98df\u4ea7\u91cf\uff0c\u5373\u5b9e\u73b0\u5faa\u73af\u519c\u4e1a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u4e2d\u56fd\u6709\u8015\u573018.31\u4ebf\u4ea9\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmis.csiro.au\/rsm\/research\/salmapmon\/salmapmon.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener 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\u6298\u54082835~3310\u4e07\u5428<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ammonium_sulfate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener 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