{"id":37243,"date":"2007-01-19T11:55:00","date_gmt":"2007-01-19T11:55:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-06-22T22:35:32","modified_gmt":"2020-06-22T22:35:32","slug":"37243","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/zh\/1\/37243\/","title":{"rendered":"\u900f\u8fc7\u201c\u975e\u6d32\u5e74\u201d\u6765\u770b\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5883\u5916\u6295\u8d44"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u5341\u5e74\u5bf9\u4e8e\u975e\u6d32\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u4e8b\u4e4b\u79cb\u3002\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5927\u9646\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5728\u540e\u6b96\u6c11\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_G._Taylor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u67e5\u5c14\u65af&middot;\u6cf0\u52d2<\/a>(Charles Taylor)\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gnassingbe_Eyadema\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u7eb3\u8f9b\u8d1d&middot;\u57c3\u4e9a\u5fb7\u9a6c<\/a><span>(Gnassingbe Eyadema)<\/span>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jerry_John_Rawlings\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u6770\u745e&middot;\u7f57\u6797\u65af<\/a>(Jerry Rawlings)\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f3a\u52bf\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4eba\u7269\u5728\u897f\u975e\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u5730\u533a\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u9762\u8c8c\u3002<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u975e\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u7740\u624b\u8fdb\u884c\u65e8\u5728\u4f7f\u975e\u6d32\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5c40\u9762\u7115\u7136\u4e00\u65b0\u7684\u6539\u9769\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u975e\u6d32\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u57282005\u5e74\u500d\u611f\u5e86\u5e78\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u538b\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5598\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6c14\u6765\u7684\u5de8<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jubileedebtcampaign.org.uk\/?lid=554\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u989d\u503a<\/a>\u52a1\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u7f13\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u8bb8\u591a\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u6765\u4fdd\u6301\u56fd\u6709\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u975e\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b9e\u884c\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u5316\u548c\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u8be5\u653f\u7b56\u6b63\u8fc5\u901f\u5730\u6539\u53d8\u7740\u7ecf\u8425\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u5305\u62ec\u57c3\u53ca\u3001\u5b89\u54e5\u62c9\u3001\u5c3c\u65e5\u5229\u4e9a\u3001\u52a0\u7eb3\u3001\u5357\u975e\u548c\u963f\u5c14\u53ca\u5229\u4e9a\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5171\u540c\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u975e\u6d32\u65b0\u7ecf\u6d4e\u529b\u91cf\u5f15\u5bfc\u8005\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53<span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u90fd\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u6b63\u8d70\u5728\u4e00\u6761\u901a\u5f80\u5168\u9762<a href=\"https:\/\/www.heritage.org\/Research\/Africa\/bg1369.cfm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u5174<\/a>\u7684\u5927\u9053\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><strong>\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>1970\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u8d2b\u56f0\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u4e2d\uff0c\u670939%\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u8fd8\u670937%\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u4e9a\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c80\u548c90\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u4e9a\u6d32\u7ecf\u6d4e<a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/html\/dec\/Publications\/Bulletins\/PRBvol4no4.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u5947\u8ff9<\/a>\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u65e0\u6570\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6c34\u5e73\u30021980\u5e74\u4e9a\u6d32\u6bcf\u5929\u751f\u6d3b\u8d39\u7528\u4f4e\u4e8e2\u7f8e\u5143\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u6bd4\u4f8b\u662f48%\uff0c1998\u5e74\u5219\u4e0b\u964d\u523016%\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c1980\u5e74\u975e\u6d32\u4ec5\u5360\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u8d2b\u56f0\u4eba\u53e3\u768416%\uff0c\u7136\u800c1998\u5e74\u5219\u4e0a\u5347\u5230\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e8c\u3002\u6309\u7167\u4e16\u754c\u94f6\u884c\u6bcf\u59293\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u8d39\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u975e\u6d32\u7684\u8d2b\u56f0\u4eba\u53e3\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4e5f\u4ece1980\u5e74\u768455%\u4e0a\u5347\u52301998\u5e74\u768464%\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u975e\u6d32\u5e76\u975e\u5168\u65e0\u5e0c\u671b\u3002\u975e\u6d32\u53d1\u5c55\u94f6\u884c\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/www.afdb.org\/portal\/page?_pageid=313,1&amp;_dad=portal&amp;_schema=PORTAL\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">AfDB<\/a>\uff09\u7684\u6570\u636e\u663e\u793a\uff0c2004\u5e74\u548c2005\u5e74\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u5927\u9646\u4fdd\u6301\u77405%\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u589e\u957f\u7387\uff0c\u8be5\u94f6\u884c\u8fd8\u9884\u6d4b\u8bf42006\u5e74\u548c2007\u5e74\u589e\u957f\u7387\u6709\u671b\u8fbe\u52305.8%\u548c5.5%\u3002&ldquo;\u5728\u88ab\u8c03\u67e5\u768430\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e8c\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u51c0\u589e\u957f\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u4e03\u5e74\u4e2d\u662f\u6700\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u597d\u7684\u52bf\u5934\u80fd\u591f\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e16\u754c\u5546\u54c1\u4ef7\u683c\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u589e\u957f\u80fd\u6301\u7eed\u52302007\u5e74&rdquo;\uff0c\u975e\u6d32\u53d1\u5c55\u94f6\u884c\u5728\u5176\u300a\u975e\u6d32\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5c55\u671b\u300b\u4e2d\u5982\u662f\u8bf4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u975e\u6d32\u80fd\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u5230\u5f88\u591a\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u5bf9\u4ed8\u8d2b\u56f0\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u6d88\u706d\u6781\u7aef\u8d2b\u56f0\u3002\u4ece20\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u7684\u505c\u6ede\u4e0d\u524d\uff0c\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b9e\u529b\u5df2\u7ecf\u8dc3\u5c45\u4e16\u754c\u7b2c\u56db\u3002&ldquo;\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4ed6\u4eec\u90a3\u91cc\u5b66\u4e60\u5982\u4f55\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u4f4e\u6536\u5165\u56fd\u5bb6\u53d8\u6210\u4e2d\u7b49\u6536\u5165\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u77ed\u77ed\u51e0\u5e74\u4e4b\u5185\u6559\u4f1a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u638c\u63e1\u6280\u672f\u3001\u719f\u6089\u7ecf\u8425&rdquo;\uff0c\u975e\u6d32\u53d1\u5c55\u94f6\u884c\u4e3b\u5e2d\u5510\u7eb3\u5fb7&middot;\u5361\u8d1d\u9c81\u5361\uff08Donald Kaberuka\uff09\u8bf4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>2006\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u628a\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e74\u547d\u540d\u4e3a&ldquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/pdf\/SummitReports\/africa2006\/review.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u975e\u6d32\u5e74<\/a>&rdquo;\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e2d\u975e\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\u3002\u4e0e\u5f88\u591a\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u660e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5ba3\u8a00\u662f\u8a00\u884c\u4e00\u81f4\u3001\u540d\u526f\u5176\u5b9e\u7684\u30022006\u5e74\uff0c\u4ec5\u5c3c\u65e5\u5229\u4e9a\u4e00\u56fd\u7684\u77f3\u6cb9\u5929\u7136\u6c14\u90e8\u95e8\u5c31\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u83b7\u5f97\u4e8630\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u6295\u8d44\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd8\u5c06\u5728\u5176\u94c1\u8def\u884c\u4e1a\u6295\u8d4440\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u4f7f20\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\u82df\u5ef6\u6b8b\u5598\u7684\u5c3c\u65e5\u5229\u4e9a\u94c1\u8def\u7115\u53d1\u751f\u673a\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u571f\u6728\u5de5\u7a0b\u96c6\u56e2\u516c\u53f8\uff08CCECC\uff09\u5c06\u4fee\u5efa\u4e00\u6761\u4ece\u5357\u90e8\u57ce\u5e02\u62c9\u5404\u65af\u5230\u5317\u65b9\u5546\u4e1a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5361\u8bfa\u7684\u94c1\u8def\uff0c\u5168\u957f1\uff0c315\u516c\u91cc\u3002\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u603b\u7ecf\u7406\u6797\u8363\u65b0\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e3a\u671f\u4e94\u5e74\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u5c06\u4e3a50\uff0c000\u540d\u5c3c\u65e5\u5229\u4e9a\u9752\u5e74\u63d0\u4f9b\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u5728\u5b89\u54e5\u62c9\u4e00\u80a1\u77f3\u6cb9\u70ed\u6f6e\u5df2\u7ecf\u6380\u8d77\uff0c\u8fd9\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u5b83\u8d85\u8fc7<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chinadialogue.net\/article\/show\/single\/ch\/548-The-new-face-of-Nigeria-s-oil-industry\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u5c3c\u65e5\u5229\u4e9a<\/a>\u6210\u4e3a\u975e\u6d32\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4ea7\u6cb9\u56fd\uff0c\u800c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e5f\u6b63\u7ad9\u5728\u8fd9\u573a\u53d8\u9769\u7684\u6700\u524d\u7ebf\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u6765\u81ea\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u548c\u63f4\u52a9\uff0c\u5b89\u54e5\u62c9\u6b63\u5728\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u91cd\u5efa\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u9ad8\u901f\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bbe\u65bd\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u65e9\u5c31\u4e0d\u582a\u91cd\u8d1f\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.chinadaily.com.cn\/bizchina\/2006-12\/21\/content_764387.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u5b89\u54e5\u62c9<\/a>\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u77f3\u6cb9\u65e5\u4ea7\u91cf\u662f140\u4e07\u6876\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e13\u5bb6\u9884\u6d4b\u52302011\u5e74\u8be5\u56fd\u7684\u65e5\u4ea7\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u5230340\u4e07\u6876\u3002\u5b89\u54e5\u62c9\u57282007\u5e741\u67081\u65e5\u52a0\u5165\u77f3\u6cb9\u8f93\u51fa\u56fd\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08OPEC\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u8be5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ee71971\u5e74\u52a0\u5165\u7684\u5c3c\u65e5\u5229\u4e9a\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u6765\u81ea\u6492\u54c8\u62c9\u4ee5\u5357\u7684\u975e\u6d32\u6210\u5458\u56fd\uff08\u52a0\u84ec\u66fe\u7ecf\u4e8e1975\u5e74\u52a0\u5165\uff0c\u4f46\u540e\u6765\u9000\u51fa\uff09\u3002\u5b89\u54e5\u62c9\u7684\u65b0\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u975e\u6d32\u5e74\u7684\u6210\u529f\u4f5c\u7528\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u89c2\u5bdf\u5bb6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u5b89\u54e5\u62c9\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u975e\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6295\u8d44\u80fd\u591f\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6c1b\u56f4\u3002&ldquo;\u975e\u6d32\u6240\u9700\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u6295\u8d44\uff0c\u4f30\u8ba1\u5728\u672a\u6765\u5341\u5e74\u91cc\u6bcf\u5e74\u90fd\u8981\u8fbe\u5230200\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u800c\u8bb8\u591a\u975e\u6d32\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u4f19\u4f34\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u592a\u5927\u4e86\u3002&rdquo;\u5c3c\u65e5\u5229\u4e9a\u524d\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\u957f<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ngozi_Okonjo-Iweala\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u6069\u6208\u9f50&middot;\u5965\u5b54\u7ea6&middot;\u4f0a\u7ef4\u62c9<\/a>\uff08Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala\uff09\u8bf4\u3002<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\u52a0\u7eb3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u79d1\u897f&middot;\u963f\u8036\uff08Kwesi Aye\uff09\u8bf4\uff0c&ldquo;\u5373\u4f7f\u4e0d\u662f\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u975e\u6d32\u4fee\u5efa\u9053\u8def\u3001\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u6865\u6881\u3001\u533b\u9662\u548c\u7535\u7ad9\u4e0a\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f00\u542f\u53d8\u9769\u4e4b\u8def\u3002&rdquo;11\u6708\u4e2d\u975e\u5cf0\u4f1a\u4e0a\u52a0\u7eb3\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e2d\u6c34\u516c\u53f8\u8fbe\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fee\u5efa<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ghanaweb.com\/GhanaHomePage\/NewsArchive\/artikel.php?ID=113252\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener 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href=\"https:\/\/www.waado.org\/Environment\/EnvironmentPage.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u5c3c\u65e5\u5c14\u4e09\u89d2\u6d32<\/a>\u4e00\u6837\u751f\u6001\u635f\u5bb3\uff0c\u90a3\u91cc\u88ab\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u52a8\u8361\u4e0d\u5b89\u7684\u5730\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5b89\u54e5\u62c9\u7684\u5361\u5bbe\u8fbe\u7701\uff0c\u5176\u4ea7\u6cb9\u91cf\u5360\u5168\u56fd\u768460%\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u5df2\u7ecf\u5c55\u5f00\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u4e89\u53d6\u81ea\u51b3\u7684\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u9488\u5bf9\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u6cdb\u6ee5\u4e8e\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u8d2b\u56f0\u52a0\u5267\u3001\u73af\u5883\u9000\u5316\u548c\u4fb5\u72af\u4eba\u6743\u3002\u548c\u5c3c\u65e5\u5229\u4e9a\u7684&ldquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Movement_for_the_Emancipation_of_the_Niger_Delta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener 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