{"id":37850,"date":"2007-09-10T17:57:00","date_gmt":"2007-09-10T17:57:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-06-22T22:39:27","modified_gmt":"2020-06-22T22:39:27","slug":"37850","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/zh\/1\/37850\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4f9b\u6c34\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u4e4b\u4e89"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<p>2005\u5e746\u67081\u65e5\u4e0a\u534811\uff1a30\uff0c\u514b\u5229\u592b&middot;\u65af\u901a\u3001\u7c73\u6b47\u5c14&middot;\u5229\u5f17\u6469\u5c14\u548c\u7f57\u6770&middot;\u54c8\u7075\u987f\u7b49\u4e09\u4e2a\u82f1\u56fd\u4fa8\u6c11\u88ab<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tanzania\">\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a<\/a>\u8b66\u65b9\u6263\u7559\u3002.\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u662f&ldquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationmedia.com\/eastafrican\/04102004\/Regional\/Regional4.html\">\u57ce\u5e02\u4f9b\u6c34<\/a>&rdquo;\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7ecf\u7406\uff0c\u8be5\u96c6\u56e2\u8d1f\u8d23<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dar%20es_Salaam\">\u8fbe\u7d2f\u65af\u8428\u62c9\u59c6<\/a>\u7684\u4f9b\u6c34\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u5728\u88ab\u62d8\u7559\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e09\u4eba\u4f5c\u4e3a&ldquo;\u4e0d\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u8005&rdquo;\u88ab\u52d2\u4ee4\u79bb\u5883\u3002\u5f53\u5929\u665a\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u88ab\u62bc\u4e0a\u4ece<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Julius_Nyerere_International_Airport\">\u6731\u5229\u53f6\u65af&middot;\u5c3c\u96f7\u5c14\u673a\u573a<\/a>\u98de\u5f80\u4f26\u6566\u7684\u98de\u673a\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5bb6\u5c5e\u5728\u51e0\u5929\u540e\u4e5f\u56de\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u4ed6\u4eec\u79bb\u5f00\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\uff0c\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u8fd9\u4e2a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.guardian.co.uk\/hearafrica05\/story\/0,15756,1491600,00.html\">\u4e16\u754c\u94f6\u884c\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u4ea4\u6613<\/a>\u65d7\u8230\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u66fe\u7ecf\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6b20\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u516c\u5171\u4f9b\u6c34\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5\u800c\u88ab\u5927\u529b\u5ba3\u4f20\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u4e00\u573a\u5728\u63f4\u52a9\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u754c\u5f15\u8d77\u5de8\u5927\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8bbc\u8bc9\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u8bc9\u8bbc\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\u662f&ldquo;\u57ce\u5e02\u4f9b\u6c34&rdquo;\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\u8005&mdash;&mdash;\u82f1\u56fd\u79c1\u8425\u6c34\u52a1\u4f01\u4e1a\u767e\u6c83\u7279\u516c\u53f8\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/www.biwater.com\/our_company\/\">Biwater<\/a>\uff09\uff08\u5176\u8001\u677f\u662f<a href=\"https:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/hi\/special_report\/1999\/06\/99\/bbc_after_birt\/375624.stm\">\u524dBBC\u4e3b\u5e2d<\/a>&mdash;&mdash;\u5de8\u5bcc\u963f\u5fb7\u91cc\u5b89&middot;\u6000\u7279\uff09\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u8d2b\u7a77\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00&mdash;&mdash;\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u653f\u5e9c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u7528\u6c34\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed8\u51fa\u4ee3\u4ef7\u6700\u5927\u7684\u662f\u7a77\u4eba\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5411\u6cbf\u8857\u53eb\u5356\u7684\u5546\u8d29\u8d2d\u4e70\u50cf\u6cb9\u4e00\u6837\u8d35\u7684\u6c34\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u8fbe\u7d2f\u65af\u8428\u62c9\u59c6\uff0c\u9762\u4e34\u8fd9\u4e2a\u72b6\u51b5\u7684\u4e0d\u5149\u662f\u7a77\u4eba\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u6765\u5bf9\u8be5\u57ce\u4f9b\u6c34\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u5ffd\u89c6\u548c\u6295\u8d44\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a350\u4e07\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u6709\u81ea\u6765\u6c34\u7684\u4eba\u5bb6\u8fd8\u4e0d\u523010\u4e07\u6237\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u5854\u514b&middot;\u5854\u5df4\u5854\u4f4d\u4e8e\u90ca\u533a\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u5c45\u6c11\u6709\u4f4e\u6536\u5165\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e2d\u7b49\u6536\u5165\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7816\u6df7\u623f\u5c4b\u5efa\u5728\u7ec6\u6c99\u8def\u65c1\uff0c\u5176\u95f4\u6563\u5e03\u7740\u9ad8\u5927\u7684\u6930\u5b50\u6811\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u623f\u5b50\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u901a\u4e86\u7535\uff0c\u901a\u6c34\u7684\u5374\u6781\u5c11\u300225\u5c81\u7684\u73cd\u59ae\u7279&middot;\u57fa\u91cc\u4e9a\u5fb7\u6709\u7740\u4e00\u5f20\u5bbd\u9614\u800c\u6b22\u5feb\u7684\u8138\u5e9e\uff0c\u5979\u5750\u5728\u81ea\u5bb6\u7684\u623f\u5b50\u95e8\u53e3\u8c08\u8d77\u4e86\u5979\u7684&ldquo;\u5de5\u4f5c&rdquo;&mdash;&mdash;\u4e3a\u5bb6\u91cc\u6253\u6c34\u3002\u5979\u5bb6\u8fd8\u6709\u4e09\u53e3\u4eba\uff1a\u8941\u8913\u4e2d\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u4f0a\u6587\u65af\u3001\u5f53\u5efa\u7b51\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u4e08\u592b\u91d1\u65af\u6566\u4ee5\u53ca\u5979\u7684\u59b9\u59b9\u3002\u73cd\u59ae\u7279\u6bcf\u5929\u5fc5\u987b\u4e3a\u5168\u5bb6\u5f04\u6765120\u5347\u6c34\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u996e\u7528\u3001\u505a\u996d\u548c\u6d17\u4e1c\u897f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u8fd0\u6c14\u597d\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4e00\u6237\u90bb\u5c45\u5bb6\u7684\u6c34\u9f99\u5934\u6bcf\u5468\u53ef\u80fd\u6765\u6c342\u52303\u6b21\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u73cd\u59ae\u7279\u5c31\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u51e0\u5341\u4f4d\u5987\u5973\u4e00\u8d77\u4ece\u8fd9\u91cc\u6253\u6c34\uff0c\u6bcf\u687620\u5347\u6c34\u898120\u5148\u4ee4\uff08\u5927\u7ea62\u7f8e\u5206\uff09\uff0c\u5979\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u62536\u6876\u3002\u4e0d\u6765\u6c34\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5979\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece&ldquo;\u63a8\u8f66\u4eba&rdquo;\u90a3\u91cc\u4e70\u6c34\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u63a8\u7740\u5806\u6ee1\u4e86\u5851\u6599\u6cb9\u6876\u7684\u8f66\u5b50\u8d70\u904d\u8fbe\u7d2f\u65af\u8428\u62c9\u59c6\u7684\u5927\u8857\u5c0f\u5df7\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6c34\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u6c34\u8d28\uff0c\u6bcf\u687620\u5347\u7d22\u4ef7300\u52301\uff0c000\u5148\u4ee4\u4e0d\u7b49\u3002&ldquo;\u8fd9\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\u5f88\u8d35&rdquo;\uff0c\u73cd\u59ae\u7279\u8bf4\uff0c&ldquo;\u4f46\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u6cd5\u5b50\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6c34\u6765\u751f\u6d3b\u3002&rdquo;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u6539\u5584\u4f9b\u6c34\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u65e9\u572810\u591a\u5e74\u524d\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u524d\u603b\u7edf<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Julius_Nyerere\">\u6731\u5229\u53f6\u65af&middot;\u5c3c\u96f7\u5c14<\/a>\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8bd5\u9a8c\u5931\u8d25\u540e\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u6b63\u52aa\u529b\u5730\u91cd\u5efa\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3002\u5728\u5c06\u8fd1400\u4e2a\u56fd\u8425\u673a\u6784\u548c\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u6b63\u51c6\u5907\u6302\u724c\u51fa\u552e\u3002\u5f15\u5bfc\u8fd9\u573a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?hl=en&amp;defl=en&amp;q=define:Privatization&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=glossary_definition&amp;ct=title\">\u79c1\u6709\u5316<\/a>\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u6b63\u662f<a href=\"https:\/\/web.worldbank.org\/WBSITE\/EXTERNAL\/EXTABOUTUS\/0,,pagePK:50004410%7EpiPK:36602%7EtheSitePK:29708,00.html\">\u4e16\u754c\u94f6\u884c<\/a>\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u5bf9\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\u6bd4\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u6492\u54c8\u62c9\u4ee5\u5357\u56fd\u5bb6\u90fd\u8981\u591a\uff0c\u4eca\u5e74\u5c31\u9ad8\u8fbe1\u4ebf\u82f1\u9551\uff082\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u4e3a\u8be5\u56fd\u7684\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u8c03\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u9645\u53d1\u5c55\u90e8\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dfid.gov.uk\/aboutdfid\/\">DFID<\/a>\uff09\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u573a\u54a8\u8be2\u516c\u53f8&ldquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.adamsmithinternational.com\/\">\u4e9a\u5f53&middot;\u65af\u5bc6\u56fd\u9645\u96c6\u56e2<\/a>&rdquo;\u7b7e\u8ba2\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a44.4\u4e07\u82f1\u9551\u7684\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u4e3b\u8981\u8d1f\u8d23\u4f9b\u6c34\u7cfb\u7edf\u6539\u9020\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u516c\u5173\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u8fd8\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u9996\u6b4c\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7b2c\u4e00\u9996\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u6d41\u884c\u4e50\u3002\u6f14\u5531\u8005\u662f\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u798f\u97f3\u6b4c\u624b&mdash;&mdash;<a href=\"https:\/\/rru.worldbank.org\/Themes\/PromotingReform\/Communications\/TanzaniaSinging\/\">\u7ea6\u7ff0&middot;\u5b54\u5df4\u8239\u957f<\/a>\uff0c\u4ed6\u73b0\u5728\u662f\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b54\u5df4\u5531\u9053\uff1a&ldquo;\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u5546\u4eba\/\u56fd\u6c11\u548c\u5916\u5bbe\/\u4eff\u4f5b\u684c\u5b50\u56db\u6761\u817f\/\u6709\u671d\u4e00\u65e5\uff0c\u6b22\u5bb4\u6211\u5b50\u5b59&hellip;&hellip;&rdquo;\u6b4c\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u7535\u3001\u7535\u8bdd\u3001\u6e2f\u53e3\u3001\u94c1\u9053\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u6c34\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u6492\u54c8\u62c9\u4ee5\u5357\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u4f9b\u6c34\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u5145\u6ee1\u4e89\u8bae\u3002\u5916\u56fd\u516c\u53f8\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u52a8\u56e0\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\uff1a\u5916\u56fd\u516c\u53f8\u8ffd\u6c42\u5229\u6da6\u6700\u5927\u5316\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5219\u5e0c\u671b\u6539\u5584\u7ecf\u6d4e\u80fd\u529b\u6709\u9650\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u7528\u6c34\u6761\u4ef6\uff08\u81f3\u5c11\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u5982\u6b64\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u81f3\u4eca\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u9c9c\u6709\u6210\u529f\u7684\u8303\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u94f6\u884c\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u8d27\u5e01\u57fa\u91d1\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/external\/about.htm\">IMF<\/a>\uff09\u4ecd\u7136\u6beb\u4e0d\u6000\u7591\u5730\u575a\u4fe1\uff0c\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u662f\u8fbe\u7d2f\u65af\u8428\u62c9\u59c6\u548c\u8fbe\u5e02\u4f9b\u6392\u6c34\u5c40\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mbendi.co.za\/orgs\/ct48.htm#General\">Dawasa<\/a>\uff09\u6700\u597d\u7684\u524d\u8fdb\u9053\u8def\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u628aDawasa\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u83b7\u5f97\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u514d\u9664\u503a\u52a1\u7684\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e70\u5bb6\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u94f6\u884c\u5c06\u53d6\u6d88\u5fc5\u987b\u51fa\u552e\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e16\u884c\u4e5f\u8bf4\u5f97\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u8981\u83b7\u5f97\u8fbe\u5e02\u4f9b\u6c34\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u66f4\u65b0\u6362\u4ee3\u6240\u9700\u76841.435\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u4e00\u63fd\u5b50\u8d37\u6b3e\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u8ba9\u79c1\u8425\u516c\u53f8\u6765\u8d1f\u8d23\u4f9b\u6c34\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8fd0\u8425\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u6709\u4e09\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u5bf9\u6b64\u8868\u793a\u4e86\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e24\u5bb6\u6765\u81ea\u6cd5\u56fd\uff0c\u8be5\u56fd\u5386\u6765\u638c\u63a7\u7740\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4f9b\u6c34\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u9886\u57df\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u7ade\u6807\u8005\u5c31\u662f\u4e0a\u6587\u63d0\u5230\u7684&ldquo;\u57ce\u5e02\u4f9b\u6c34&rdquo;\u96c6\u56e2\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u9886\u5934\u8005\u662f\u767e\u6c83\u7279\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u5408\u4f5c\u4f19\u4f34\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u5fb7\u56fd\u9ad8\u798f\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gauff.com\/start_de.html\">Gauff<\/a>\uff09\u516c\u53f8\u4ee5\u53ca\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u65af\u5e15\u591a\u5c14\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/www.superdoll-tz.com\/\">Superdoll<\/a>\uff09\u62d6\u8f66\u5236\u9020\u516c\u53f8\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u767e\u6c83\u7279\u516c\u53f81968\u5e74\u7531\u963f\u5fb7\u91cc\u5b89&middot;\u6000\u7279\u521b\u5efa\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Magaret_Thatcher\">\u739b\u683c\u4e3d\u7279&middot;\u6492\u5207\u5c14<\/a>\u62c5\u4efb\u9996\u76f8\uff0c\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u5927\u529b\u63a8\u884c\u79c1\u6709\u5316\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u7740\u5b9e\u58f0\u540d\u9e4a\u8d77\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8ba9\u6000\u7279\u8d5a\u4e86\u76c6\u6ee1\u94b5\u6ee1\u3002\u5728\u4e1a\u754c\uff0c\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u56e0\u6c34\u5904\u7406\u5de5\u5382\u7684\u4fee\u5efa\u548c\u8fd0\u8425\u800c\u62e5\u6709\u826f\u597d\u7684\u58f0\u8a89\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ee5\u524d\u5b83\u4e5f\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u627f\u62c5\u8fc7\u5982\u6b64\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4e24\u5bb6\u6cd5\u56fd\u516c\u53f8\u62d2\u7edd\u63d0\u4f9b\u6700\u7ec8\u62a5\u4ef7\uff0c\u767e\u6c83\u7279\u5728\u6295\u6807\u4e2d\u83b7\u80dc\u3002&ldquo;&lsquo;\u57ce\u5e02\u4f9b\u6c34&rsquo;\u7684\u6807\u4e66\u662f\u5e95\u9650\u4ef7\u683c&rdquo;\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e00\u76f4\u53c2\u4e0e\u6295\u6807\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u6c34\u52a1\u987e\u95ee\u8bf4\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8be5\u96c6\u56e2\u5e76\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u7ade\u6807\u8005\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u5e72\u5f97\u518d\u597d\uff0c\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u6323\u94b1\u4e5f\u5c06\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a&ldquo;\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u5929\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u9677\u5230\u6ce5\u5751\u91cc\u4e86\u3002&rdquo;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u8fd9\u573a\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\u662f\uff1aDawasa\u4ecd\u7136\u4fdd\u6301\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u4ea7\u6743\uff1b\u800c&ldquo;\u57ce\u5e02\u4f9b\u6c34&rdquo;\u8d1f\u8d23\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8fd0\u8425\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5305\u62ec\u5bc4\u8d26\u5355\u3001\u5411\u7528\u6237\u6536\u53d6\u6c34\u8d39\u3001\u65b0\u6237\u5165\u7f51\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fdb\u884c\u65e5\u5e38\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002\u5728\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u5408\u540c\u671f\u5185\uff0c&ldquo;\u57ce\u5e02\u4f9b\u6c34&rdquo;\u81f3\u5c11\u8981\u6295\u5165850\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u8ba1\u8d39\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u7b49&ldquo;\u53ef\u79fb\u52a8\u8d44\u4ea7&rdquo;\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u4eab\u6709\u516d\u5e74\u7684\u514d\u7a0e\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>2003\u5e748\u67081\u65e5\u8fd9\u4e00\u5929\uff0c&ldquo;\u57ce\u5e02\u4f9b\u6c34&rdquo;\u5f00\u59cb\u63a5\u7ba1\u8fbe\u7d2f\u65af\u8428\u62c9\u59c6\u7684\u4f9b\u6c34\uff1b\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e00\u5929\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5b83\u5f00\u59cb\u8d22\u52a1\u4e0a\u7684\u5927\u51fa\u8840\u3002\u5b83\u975e\u4f46\u672a\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u5408\u540c\u4e0a\u6240\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u6536\u8d39\u76ee\u6807&mdash;&mdash;\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u8d62\u5229\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8fbe\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u6536\u5230\u7684\u94b1\u751a\u81f3\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5982\u56fd\u8425\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u3002\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u7d2f\u65af\u8428\u62c9\u59c6\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u5374\u53d1\u73b0\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6c34\u8d39\u5728\u589e\u52a0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&ldquo;\u57ce\u5e02\u4f9b\u6c34&rdquo;\u591a\u6b21\u5411\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u6c34\u5229\u90e8\u62b1\u6028\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u6295\u6807\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728Dawasa\u7684\u7247\u9762\u4fe1\u606f\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u3002\u5176\u540e\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u94f6\u884c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u7531\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u884c\u957f<a href=\"https:\/\/web.worldbank.org\/WBSITE\/EXTERNAL\/EXTABOUTUS\/ORGANIZATION\/EXTPRESIDENT2007\/EXTPASTPRESIDENTS\/EXTOFFICEPRESIDENT\/0,,contentMDK:20519590%7EmenuPK:51175739%7EpagePK:51174171%7EpiPK:64258873%7EtheSitePK:1014541,00.html\"><span>\u4fdd\u7f57&middot;\u6c83\u5c14\u798f\u5a01\u8328<\/span><\/a>\u7b7e\u7f72\u3002\u62a5\u544a\u6307\u51fa\uff0c2004\u5e747\u6708\uff0c&ldquo;\u57ce\u5e02\u4f9b\u6c34&rdquo;\u505c\u6b62\u5411Dawasa\u7f34\u7eb3\u7ba1\u9053\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u6708\u79df\u8d39\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u8ddd\u79bb\u5408\u540c\u5f00\u59cb\u6267\u884c\u8fd8\u4e0d\u6ee1\u4e00\u5e74\u3002&ldquo;\u57ce\u5e02\u4f9b\u6c34&rdquo;\u8fd8\u575a\u6301\u8bf4\u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u9ad8\u5176\u8fd0\u8425\u8d39\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>Dawasa\u8bf7<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pwc.com\/uk\/eng\/main\/home\/index.html\">\u666e\u534e\u6c38\u9053<\/a>\u516c\u53f8\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\u5de5\u7a0b\u54a8\u8be2\u516c\u53f8<a href=\"https:\/\/www.howardhumphreys.com\/index.asp\">\u970d\u534e\u5fb7&middot;\u80e1\u59c6\u798f\u91cc\u65af<\/a>\u516c\u53f8\u62c5\u4efb\u7a3d\u6838\u5458\uff0c\u8bc4\u5b9a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u5426\u516c\u6b63\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u7a3d\u6838\u5458\u4eec\u5426\u51b3\u4e86&ldquo;\u57ce\u5e02\u4f9b\u6c34&rdquo;\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u3002\uff08\u767e\u6c83\u7279\u5c06\u77db\u5934\u6307\u5411\u8fbe\u5e02\u7684\u6c34\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u6307\u8d23Dawasa&ldquo;\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u542f\u52a8&rdquo;\u4efb\u4f55\u5927\u578b\u57fa\u7840\u5efa\u8bbe\u5de5\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u662f\u4f9b\u6c34\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fee\u590d\u6240\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u5176\u4ed6\u62a5\u544a\u4e5f\u5bf9&ldquo;\u57ce\u5e02\u4f9b\u6c34&rdquo;\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6279\u8bc4\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u53d1\u5c55\u5408\u4f5c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u8bf4\uff1a&ldquo;\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\uff0c&lsquo;\u57ce\u5e02\u4f9b\u6c34&rsquo;\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u5f88\u5dee\u3002&rdquo;\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u4e16\u884c\u62a5\u544a\u4e5f\u8bf4\uff1a&ldquo;\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u6350\u52a9\u56fd\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u79c1\u8425\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u6bd4Dawasa\u8fd8\u5dee\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5f88\u96be\u7684\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6070\u6070\u5982\u6b64\u3002&rdquo;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u4e16\u754c\u94f6\u884c\u4e8b\u540e\u8fd8\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u4efd\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u4f46\u4ece\u672a\u53d1\u8868\u3002\u8be5\u62a5\u544a\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4e16\u884c\u5728\u8fbe\u7d2f\u65af\u8428\u62c9\u59c6\u7684\u6280\u672f\u961f\u5c31\u5bf9&ldquo;\u57ce\u5e02\u4f9b\u6c34&rdquo;\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u6301\u4fdd\u7559\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u8be5\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u4e3b\u65e8\u662f\u7531\u8be5\u96c6\u56e2\u79df\u8d41\u8f93\u6c34\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4ece\u7528\u6237\u90a3\u91cc\u6536\u56de\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6210\u672c\u3002\u767e\u6c83\u7279\u4ee5\u524d\u5728\u5357\u975e\u3001\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\u7b49\u56fd\u8fd0\u4f5c\u8fc7\u8f83\u5c0f\u578b\u7684\u540c\u7c7b&ldquo;\u79df\u8d41\u5408\u540c&rdquo;\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u961f\u611f\u89c9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bb0\u5f55\u662f\u62fc\u51d1\u7684\u3002\u62a5\u544a\u8fd8\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u767e\u6c83\u7279\u8ba9\u4e00\u53ea\u6beb\u65e0\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u961f\u4f0d\u6765\u9886\u5bfc\u8fd0\u8425\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u62a5\u544a\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u961f\u8bf7\u6c42\u603b\u90e8\u7684\u4f9b\u6c34\u4e13\u5bb6\u91cd\u65b0\u5ba1\u67e5\u8be5\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e16\u884c\u5728\u534e\u76db\u987f\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u4fdd\u8bc1\u56e2\u4f53\u5bf9\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u662f&ldquo;\u975e\u5e38\u6ee1\u610f&rdquo;&mdash;&mdash;\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u9ad8\u5206\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u767e\u6c83\u7279\u540e\u6765\u5bf9\u300a<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Guardian\">\u536b\u62a5<\/a>\u300b\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\uff1a&ldquo;\u4e16\u754c\u94f6\u884c\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u8d22\u52a1\u548c\u6280\u672f\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6279\u51c6\u4e86\uff08&ldquo;\u57ce\u5e02\u4f9b\u6c34&rdquo;\uff09\u7684\u6807\u4e66\u3002&rdquo;\u767e\u6c83\u7279\u4e5f\u5426\u8ba4\u5b58\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5b83\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u66fe\u7ecf\u5728\u5357\u7f8e\u3001\u4e9a\u6d32\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u4ee5\u53ca\u975e\u6d32\u5c65\u884c\u4e86\u51e0\u5341\u4e2a\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u5e76\u7279\u522b\u5f3a\u8c03\u5728\u5357\u975e\u57ce\u5e02<a href=\"https:\/\/www.africafiles.org\/article.asp?ID=3827\">\u5185\u5c14\u65af\u666e\u9c81\u7279<\/a>\u7684\u516c&mdash;\u79c1\u81ea\u6765\u6c34\u8fd0\u8425\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86&ldquo;\u67d0\u4e9b\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u6210\u679c&rdquo;\u3002\u5b83\u8fd8\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u961f\u4f0d\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u51e0\u4f4d\u6210\u5458\u5728\u975e\u6d32\u4ece\u4e8b\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u4f5c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u5408\u540c\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u5546\u4e1a\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c&ldquo;\u57ce\u5e02\u4f9b\u6c34&rdquo;\u7684\u5408\u540c\u4e5f\u6beb\u4e0d\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u4e14\u4e0d\u8bf4\u8fbe\u6210\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u82b1\u8d39\uff0c&ldquo;\u57ce\u5e02\u4f9b\u6c34&rdquo;\u7684&ldquo;\u793e\u4f1a&rdquo;\u4e49\u52a1\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u4e3a\u9996\u6b21\u5165\u7f51\u8005\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u9879\u57fa\u91d1\u3002&ldquo;\u8fd9\u7b14\u57fa\u91d1\u7528\u6765\u8ba9\u66f4\u591a\u6700\u8d2b\u56f0\u5bb6\u5ead\u63a5\u4e0a\u81ea\u6765\u6c34\uff0c&rdquo;\u9a6c\u5409&middot;\u8d39\u5c14\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u73af\u5883\u6d3b\u52a8\u7ec4\u7ec7&ldquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.foodandwaterwatch.org\/\">\u98df\u54c1\u4e0e\u6c34\u89c2\u5bdf<\/a>&rdquo;\uff08\u603b\u90e8\u8bbe\u5728\u534e\u76db\u987f\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e3b\u7ba1\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5bc6\u5207\u5173\u6ce8&ldquo;\u57ce\u5e02\u4f9b\u6c34&rdquo;\u7684\u8fd0\u8425\u3002&ldquo;\u8fd9\u9879\u57fa\u91d1\u4ece\u672a\u8bbe\u7acb\u3002&rdquo;\u4e16\u754c\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u4e24\u4efd\u62a5\u544a\u505a\u51fa\u540c\u6837\u7684\u65ad\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&ldquo;\u57ce\u5e02\u4f9b\u6c34&rdquo;\u5bf9\u8fbe\u7d2f\u65af\u8428\u62c9\u59c6\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u5c42\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u4f46\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u66f4\u591a\u4e86\u3002\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u65af\u5e15\u591a\u5c14\u516c\u53f8\u8981\u6c42\u5728\u7ba1\u7406\u4e2d\u62e5\u6709\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u53d1\u8a00\u6743\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5c31\u62d2\u7edd\u6295\u5165\u66f4\u591a\u8d44\u91d1\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f53\u5730\u804c\u5458\u4e5f\u5f88\u4e0d\u9ad8\u5174\u3002&ldquo;\u57ce\u5e02\u4f9b\u6c34&rdquo;\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u67091\uff0c300\u540d\u96c7\u5458\uff0c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u9a6c\u897f\u4e9a\u65af&middot;\u7a46\u62c9\u683c\u4e07\u8fbe\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a&ldquo;\u4e3b\u7ba1\u5168\u662f\u767d\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u542c\u53d6\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u3002\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u56e2\u961f\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u7a76\u7adf\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002&rdquo;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u767e\u6c83\u7279\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\u8fd0\u8425\u6536\u5165\uff08\u8fd9\u662f\u5176\u5229\u6da6\u6765\u6e90\uff09\u8fc7\u4f4e\u3002\u963f\u5fb7\u91cc\u5b89&middot;\u6000\u7279\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u9996\u5e2d\u6267\u884c\u5b98\u62c9\u91cc&middot;\u9a6c\u683c\u5c14\u4e24\u6b21\u98de\u5f80\u8fbe\u7d2f\u65af\u8428\u62c9\u59c6\uff0c\u529b\u56fe\u91cd\u8c08\u5408\u7ea6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f3a\u8c03\u8fd0\u8425\u8d39\uff08\u5728\u6c34\u4ef7\u4e2d\u6309\u4e00\u5b9a\u6bd4\u4f8b\u62bd\u53d6\uff09\u5bf9\u516c\u53f8\u662f\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u516c\u4f17\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u4e0d\u65ad\u6076\u5316\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u4ec0\u4e48\u597d\u5904\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u767e\u6c83\u7279\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u7b7e\u8ba2\u7684\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u6c34\u4ef7\u6025\u5267\u4e0a\u6da8\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5728\u6c34\u7684\u4f9b\u5e94\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u8d28\u91cf\u4e0a\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u660e\u663e\u7684\u6539\u5584\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u9009\u4e3e\u8feb\u5728\u7709\u776b\uff0c\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u653f\u5e9c\u88ab\u8feb\u91c7\u53d6\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u62ef\u6551\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u6700\u540e\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u4efb\u547d<a href=\"https:\/\/rru.worldbank.org\/Discussions\/Bios\/Bio66.aspx\">\u6258\u5c3c&middot;\u5df4\u5170\u65af<\/a>\u6765\u5bf9\u5408\u540c\u5404\u65b9\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u89e3\uff0c\u4ed6\u66fe\u7ecf\u62c5\u4efb\u82f1\u56fd\u6c34\u52a1\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u6784&mdash;&mdash;\u6c34\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ofwat.gov.uk\/\">Ofwat<\/a>\uff09\u7684\u9996\u5e2d\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u5df4\u5170\u65af\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u3002\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u653f\u5e9c\u89c9\u5f97\u5fcd\u65e0\u53ef\u5fcd\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u57282005\u5e745\u670813\u65e5\u51b3\u5b9a\u53d6\u6d88&ldquo;\u57ce\u5e02\u4f9b\u6c34&rdquo;\u7684\u5408\u7ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u8bb8\u591a\u63f4\u52a9\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6c34\u52a1\u4e13\u5bb6\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u9519\u3002&ldquo;\u5982\u679c\u6211\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u6211\u4f1a\u7ed9&lsquo;\u57ce\u5e02\u4f9b\u6c34&rsquo;\u4e00\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u671f\u9650\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u8e22\u51fa\u53bb\u3002&rdquo;\u4e00\u4f4d\u65e9\u5148\u76ee\u7779\u4e86\u6295\u6807\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u6c34\u52a1\u987e\u95ee\u8bf4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u6c34\u5229\u90e8\u957f<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Edward_Lowassa\">\u7231\u5fb7\u534e&middot;\u6d1b\u74e6\u8428<\/a>\uff08\u6b64\u540e\u62c5\u4efb\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u603b\u7406\uff09\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u5bcc\u620f\u5267\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5148\u662f\u4e3e\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7535\u89c6\u8f6c\u64ad\u7684\u65b0\u95fb\u53d1\u5e03\u4f1a\uff0c\u5ba3\u5e03\u53d6\u6d88\u5408\u7ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u7ed9\u8be5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8499\u4e0a\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u8272\u5f69\uff1b\u7136\u540e\u5c06&ldquo;\u57ce\u5e02\u4f9b\u6c34&rdquo;\u7684\u4e09\u4f4d\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7ecf\u7406\u62bc\u4e0a\u79bb\u5883\u7684\u98de\u673a\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u5341\u5206\u9ad8\u6602\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u5728\u9a71\u9010\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u540e\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u661f\u671f\u91cc\uff0c\u767e\u6c83\u7279\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u975e\u6d32\u7684\u597d\u51e0\u4efd\u62a5\u520a\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u542f\u4e8b\uff0c\u6279\u5224\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u653f\u5e9c\u3002&ldquo;\u901a\u8fc7\u653f\u6cbb\u7ba1\u9053\u6d41\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u6cc4\u6f0f\u7684\u3002&rdquo;\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u4e8e2005\u5e748\u67082\u65e5\u5411\u89e3\u51b3\u6295\u8d44\u4e89\u8bae\u56fd\u9645\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/icsid\/\">ICSID<\/a>\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u94f6\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u9c9c\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\u7684\u9644\u5c5e\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5728\u6d77\u7259\u4ee5\u53ca\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u90fd\u6709\u5206\u652f\u673a\u6784\uff09\u63d0\u51fa<a href=\"https:\/\/www.foodandwaterwatch.org\/water\/waterprivatization\/africa\/tanzania\/tanzania-sued\">\u7533\u8bc9<\/a>\u3002\u767e\u6c83\u7279\u8bf7\u6c42\u4ef2\u88c1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u4e09\u4f4d\u4ef2\u88c1\u5458\u5224\u51b3\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u653f\u5e9c\u5411\u516c\u53f8\u8d54\u507f2\uff0c000\u4e07\u52302\uff0c500\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u507f\u4ed8\u5176\u5728\u8fbe\u7d2f\u65af\u8428\u62c9\u59c6\u88ab\u6ca1\u6536\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u3001\u8d44\u4ea7\u548c\u6536\u76ca\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u65b0\u95fb\u53d1\u5e03\u4f1a\u4e0a\uff0c\u767e\u6c83\u7279\u8868\u793a\u4e86\u9057\u61be\uff0c\u5b83\u8bf4\uff1a&ldquo;\u6211\u4eec\u6beb\u65e0\u9009\u62e9\u4f59\u5730\u3002&rdquo;\u5728\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u58f0\u660e\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u53c8\u8bf4\uff1a&ldquo;\u5982\u679c\u6709\u8ff9\u8c61\u8868\u660e\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u653f\u5e9c\u5c06\u6beb\u65e0\u987e\u5fcc\u5730\u6ca1\u6536\u5916\u56fd\u6295\u8d44&rdquo;\uff0c\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u90fd\u4f1a\u4e09\u601d\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u5c06\u662f&ldquo;\u7ed9\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u975e\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u76ee\u6807\u9020\u6210\u4e25\u91cd\u6253\u51fb&rdquo;\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5f8b\u5e08\u81ea\u4ece\u8be5\u56fd1994\u5e74\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\u7b7e\u7f72\u53cc\u8fb9\u6295\u8d44\u6761\u7ea6\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5c31\u6295\u5165\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4ef2\u88c1\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u767e\u6c83\u7279\u516c\u53f8\u672a\u80fd\u5c65\u884c\u6761\u7ea6\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u6bd4\u4e4b\u524d\u65e0\u80fd\u7684\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u8fd8\u8981\u5dee\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5ba3\u79f0\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u653f\u5e9c\u8981\u6ee1\u8db3\u516c\u6c11\u5bf9\u5b89\u5168\u7528\u6c34\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u522b\u65e0\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u7ec8\u6b62\u548c&ldquo;\u57ce\u5e02\u4f9b\u6c34&rdquo;\u7684\u5408\u7ea6\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e3a\u671f\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u5408\u540c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u8fdb\u884c\u4e8622\u4e2a\u6708\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u4ef2\u88c1\u662f\u975e\u516c\u5f00\u7684\uff0c\u4e3a\u671f\u4e00\u5468\u7684\u542c\u8bc1\u6700\u7ec8\u4e8e\u4eca\u5e744\u6708\u5728\u6d77\u7259\u53ec\u5f00\uff0c\u767e\u6c83\u7279\u8981\u6c42\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u4e0d\u5f97\u5411\u65b0\u95fb\u5a92\u4f53\u516c\u5f00\u53d1\u8868\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8981\u6c42\u5f97\u5230\u6279\u51c6\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ef2\u88c1\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u4fdd\u5bc6\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u968f\u77407\u6708\u4efd\u4ef2\u88c1\u7d27\u9523\u5bc6\u9f13\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u4e00\u5927\u7fa4\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u5404\u65b9\u4eba\u58eb\u5bc6\u5207\u5173\u6ce8\u6700\u7ec8\u9648\u8ff0\u9012\u4ea4\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u5f53\u521d\u4e16\u754c\u94f6\u884c\u8feb\u4f7f\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7b7e\u8ba2\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u800c\u73b0\u5728\u5b83\u5374\u8981\u770b\u7740\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u53d7\u5230\u81ea\u8eab\u6cd5\u5ead\u7684\u5904\u7f5a\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u53d1\u8a00\u4eba\u62d2\u7edd\u5c31\u6b64\u53d1\u8868\u8bc4\u8bba\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u53c8\u8bf4\u4e16\u884c\u6700\u8fd1\u5df2\u7ecf\u4efb\u547d\u4e86\u4e00\u540d\u987e\u95ee\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u5168\u9762\u518d\u67e5\u3002&ldquo;\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u77e5\u9053\u54ea\u91cc\u51fa\u9519\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f88\u91cd\u8981&rdquo;\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f4d\u53d1\u8a00\u4eba\u8bf4\u3002\u5982\u679cICSID\u88c1\u51b3\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u8d25\u8bc9\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5c06\u505c\u6b62\u5bf9\u5b83\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u57fa\u91d1\u652f\u4ed8\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u8005\u662f\u524d\u8005\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u548c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6350\u52a9\u56fd\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u5176\u4ed6\u4f9b\u6c34\u548c\u516c\u5171\u4e8b\u4e1a\u516c\u53f8\u5bf9\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u7684\u672a\u6765\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u4ef2\u88c1\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u4ece\u63f4\u52a9\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u6d3b\u52a8\u5bb6\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\u662f\u8de8\u56fd\u516c\u53f8\u8df5\u8e0f\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u53c8\u4e00\u4f8b\u8bc1\u3002\u7f57\u65af&middot;\u7a46\u4ec0\u662f\u5766\u6851\u5c3c\u4e9a\u6148\u5584\u56e2\u4f53&ldquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.actionaid.org\/\">\u884c\u52a8\u63f4\u52a9<\/a>&rdquo;\u7684\u4e3b\u7ba1\uff0c\u5979\u8bf4\uff1a&ldquo;\u767e\u6c83\u7279\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6240\u4f5c\u6240\u4e3a\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u504f\u50fb\u7684\u6751\u5b50\u91cc\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u5206\u94b1\u7684\u5c0f\u5b69\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ece\u5b69\u5b50\u8eab\u4e0a\u593a\u8d70\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u786c\u5e01\u3002&rdquo;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u5341\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u53f8\u53d1\u8868\u6b63\u5f0f\u58f0\u660e\u8c34\u8d23\u67d0\u4e2a\u5916\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4eba\u89c9\u5f97\u5341\u5206\u7a00\u5947\u3002\u5982\u4eca\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u662f\u53cc\u8fb9\u6295\u8d44\u6761\u7ea6\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u5267\u589e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6761\u7ea6\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u95f4\u7684\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bcc\u88d5\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5730\u4f4d\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u95f4\u7684\u6761\u7ea6\u4e5f\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\uff09\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u4e8e\u4e3a\u5546\u4e1a\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u6d77\u5916\u6295\u8d44\u63d0\u4f9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u516c\u5e73\u5bf9\u5f85\u548c\u514d\u906d\u6ca1\u6536\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6761\u7ea6\u4e2d\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u6709\u6743\u5229\u5411\u4ef2\u88c1\u673a\u6784\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u5e9c\u63d0\u51fa\u7533\u8bc9\u3002\u8bbe\u5728\u534e\u76db\u987f\u7684&ldquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ips-dc.org\/\">\u653f\u7b56\u7814\u7a76\u6240<\/a>&rdquo;\u548c\u98df\u7269\u4e0e\u6c34\u89c2\u5bdf\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u65b0<a 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href=\"https:\/\/en.g8russia.ru\/\">G8<\/a>\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><span><\/span>\u4e00\u4e9b\u63f4\u52a9\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u56e2\u4f53\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53cc\u8fb9\u6295\u8d44\u6761\u7ea6\u524a\u5f31\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u6743\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6279\u8bc4\u4ef2\u88c1\u7684\u975e\u516c\u5f00\u6027\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ef2\u88c1\u5458\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u7ecf\u8fc7\u88ab\u8bc9\u8005\u7684\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u4e0a\u8bc9\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u767e\u6c83\u7279\u7684\u6848\u5b50\u5c24\u5176\u4ee4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e2\u4f53\u6124\u6012\u3002\u7ef4\u57fa&middot;\u51ef\u6069\u662f&ldquo;\u4e16\u754c\u53d1\u5c55\u8fd0\u52a8&rdquo;\uff08<a 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