{"id":38093,"date":"2007-12-10T16:07:00","date_gmt":"2007-12-10T16:07:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-06-22T22:40:59","modified_gmt":"2020-06-22T22:40:59","slug":"38093","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/zh\/3\/38093\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4e16\u754c\u5c06\u5982\u4f55\u53d8\u5316\uff08\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u968f\u7740\u5168\u7403\u6c14\u5019\u6301\u7eed\u53d8\u6696\uff0c\u6781\u5730&mdash;&mdash;\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5317\u6781&mdash;&mdash;\u5c06\u51fa\u73b0\u6d3b\u5316\u3002\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u4e25\u5bd2\u4f7f\u51b0\u5c42\u7ec8\u5e74\u4e0d\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u59a8\u788d\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4e5f\u9650\u5236\u4e86<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Biota\"><span><span>\u52a8\u690d\u7269<\/span><\/span><\/a>\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u6269\u5927\u3002 <\/p>\n<div> <\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u4eba\u4eec\u4e5f\u591a\u6b21\u52c7\u6562\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5bfb\u627e\u4e00\u6761<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northwest_Passage\"><span><span>\u901a\u9053<\/span><\/span><\/a>\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u76f4\u6ca1\u6709\u6210\u529f\u5229\u7528\u7ecf\u8fc7<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arctic_Ocean\"><span><span>\u5317\u51b0\u6d0b<\/span><\/span><\/a>\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0d\u540c\u5927\u9646\u7684\u6700\u77ed\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5168\u7403\u822a\u6d77\u4e5f\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5317\u6781\u7684\u53d8\u6696\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6574\u4e2a\u5317\u534a\u7403&mdash;&mdash;\u5360\u5730\u7403\u9646\u5730\u9762\u79ef\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206&mdash;&mdash;\u7684\u52a8\u690d\u7269\u5c06\u53d1\u751f\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c06\u589e\u591a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7c7b\u6d3b\u52a8\u91cd\u8981\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5730\u533a\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7a7a\u95f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0e\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u5730\u7403\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u3002 \n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u5728\u672a\u6765\u5f88\u957f\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u4e24\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f53\u7cfb\uff08\u5317\u534a\u7403\u7684\u534a\u7403\u4f53\u7cfb\u548c\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u4e2d\u7eac\u5ea6\u73af\u7403\u5e26\u72b6\u4f53\u7cfb\uff09\u5c06\u5171\u5b58\u3002\u4f46\u534a\u7403\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u5c06\u9010\u6e10\u52a0\u5f3a\uff0c\u800c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5e26\u72b6\u7a7a\u95f4\u5219\u88ab\u8695\u98df\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u5e26\u72b6\u7a7a\u95f4\u5411\u5317\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u4e27\u5931\u4e00\u4e9b\u72ec\u7279\u6027\u3002\u5317\u65b9\u6301\u7eed\u53d8\u6696\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u4f1a\u65e5\u76ca\u5f3a\u5316\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u5730\u65b9\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0d\u9002\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5357\u65b9\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u5c06\u4f1a\u4e0b\u964d\u3002 \n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5730\u533a\u5c06\u53d8\u5f97\u5f88\u70ed\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u5c06\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u51e0\u4e4e\u65e0\u6cd5\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u5e72\u65f1\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u628a\u4eca\u5929\u5e26\u72b6\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5357\u534a\u90e8\u548c\u5317\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u5f00\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u5e26\u72b6\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u8870\u843d\u3002 \n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5168\u7403\u53d8\u6696\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5c4a\u65f6\u88ab\u5206\u51fa\u7684\u5c45\u4f4f\u5e26\u7684\u5357\u534a\u90e8\u5c06\u671d\u7740\u5357\u6781\u5730\u533a\u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5317\u534a\u90e8\u5c06\u671d\u5317\u79fb\u52a8\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u548c\u5317\u534a\u90e8\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5357\u534a\u90e8\u4ece\u6b64\u5c06\u5931\u53bb\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\u5168\u7403\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u5c06\u5317\u79fb\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u8fc7\u5ea6\u7684\u5168\u7403\u53d8\u6696\uff0c\u5317\u534a\u7403\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u90fd\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u672a\u6765\u5bb6\u56ed\u3002 \n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u548c\u5317\u534a\u7403\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5357\u534a\u7403\u4e5f\u6709\u5927\u7247\u4eba\u70df\u7a00\u5c11\u7684\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u5982\u5357\u90e8\u975e\u6d32\u3001\u5357\u7f8e\u6d32\u548c\u5357\u6781\u6d32\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5357\u534a\u7403\u53d7\u5168\u7403\u53d8\u6696\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u6ca1\u6709\u5317\u534a\u7403\u90a3\u4e48\u5927\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u9646\u5730\u9762\u79ef\u8f83\u5c0f\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e0b\u9762\u56db\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u3002 \n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antarctic\"><span><span>\u5357\u6781\u6d32<\/span><\/span><\/a>\u5927\u9646\u548c\u5357\u534a\u7403\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u9646\u5730\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u8fde\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u88ab<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Southern_Ocean\"><span><span>\u5357\u5927\u6d0b<\/span><\/span><\/a>\u9694\u5f00\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5357\u534a\u7403\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u50cf\u5317\u534a\u7403\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u671d\u5411<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Pole\"><span><span>\u5357\u6781\u70b9<\/span><\/span><\/a>\u7684\u7f13\u6162\u6e10\u8fdb\u6027\u79fb\u6c11\u8fd0\u52a8\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u4f55\u51b5\uff0c\u5357\u6781\u6d32\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u5730\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf<a href=\"https:\/\/arcticcircle.uconn.edu\/Georegion\/arcticregions.html\"><span><span>\u5317\u6781\u5708<\/span><\/span><\/a>\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u6b21\u6781\u5730\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u8981\u50cf\u5317\u6781\u5708\u90a3\u6837\u53d8\u5f97\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c45\u4f4f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u80fd\u4e0e\u4e4b\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5f88\u957f\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\uff1b\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5357\u6781\u6d32\u7684\u5b9d\u8d35\u8d44\u6e90\uff08\u5982\u77f3\u6cb9\u5929\u7136\u6c14\uff09\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5317\u6781\u5708\u90a3\u4e48\u591a\u3002 \n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u56e0\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\uff08\u4ece\u5168\u7403\u89c4\u5212\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8bf4\uff09\u5bf9\u5927\u578b\u5168\u7403\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\u7684\u5212\u5b9a\u662f\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\u5e94\u8be5\u5212\u5728\u5357\u6781\u548c\u5357\u5927\u6d0b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5317\u6781\u3002 \n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u6574\u4e2a\u5730\u7403\u6781\u5317\u5730\u533a\u7684\u53d8\u6696\u901f\u5ea6\u90fd\u6bd4\u4e16\u754c\u5176\u5b83\u90e8\u5206\u8981\u5feb\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u53d8\u6696\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u5212\u65f6\u4ee3\u53d8\u5316\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u5317\u6781\u5708\u548c\u5317\u51b0\u6d0b\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u70b9\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u5317\u6781<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Drift_Ice\"><span><span>\u6d6e\u51b0<\/span><\/span><\/a>\u7684\u9010\u6e10\u6d88\u9000\uff0c\u5317\u6781\u7684\u822a\u8fd0\u5c06\u5927\u5927\u62d3\u5c55\u3002 \n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u6d6e\u51b0\u7684\u6d88\u9000\u4ee5\u53ca\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5317\u6781\u822a\u8fd0\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e94\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002 \n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u590f\u5b63\u897f<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Siberia\"><span><span>\u897f\u4f2f\u5229\u4e9a<\/span><\/span><\/a>\u6cbf\u5cb8\u6d6e\u51b0\u7684\u6d88\u9000\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u6ca1\u6709<a href=\"https:\/\/www.coolantarctica.com\/Antarctica%20fact%20file\/ships\/icebreaker.htm\"><span><span>\u7834\u51b0\u8239<\/span><\/span><\/a>\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u5728\u590f\u5b63\u8d27\u8239\u4e5f\u80fd\u6cbf\u7740\u6d77\u5cb8\u5411\u4e1c\u9010\u6e10\u8d8a\u8d70\u8d8a\u8fdc\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5c9b\u5c7f\u548c\u5927\u9646\u4e4b\u95f4\u53c8\u7a84\u53c8\u6d45\u7684\u6d77\u5ce1\u4f7f\u5f97\u5927\u578b\u8239\u8236\u8fd8\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u8fd9\u6761\u8def\u7ebf\u4e0a\u822a\u884c\u3002 \n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u6d6e\u51b0\u5c06\u66f4\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5730\u6d88\u9000\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u52302030\u5e74\u60c5\u51b5\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5927\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u6d6e\u51b0\u5c06\u4ece\u897f\u4f2f\u5229\u4e9a\u6cbf\u5cb8\u5927\u5e45\u6d88\u9000\uff0c\u5927\u578b\u8239\u8236\u4fbf\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u66f4\u6df1\u7684\u6c34\u91cc\u822a\u884c\uff0c\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4e00\u76f4\u9a76\u5165<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pmel.noaa.gov\/np\/\"><span><span>\u5317\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b<\/span><\/span><\/a>\u3002 \n<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\u51fa\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u8981\u5f00\u8f9f\u7a7f\u8fc7<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canadian_Arctic_Archipelago\"><span><span>\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5317\u6781\u7fa4\u5c9b<\/span><\/span><\/a>\u7684\u5317\u6781\u897f\u5317\u822a\u8def\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u897f\u4f2f\u5229\u4e9a\u6d77\u5cb8\u5317\u8fb9\u7684\u4e1c\u5317\u822a\u8def\u90a3\u4e48\u5feb\u3002\u4ece2050\u5e74\u52302070\u5e74\uff0c\u534a\u4e2a\u5317\u51b0\u6d0b\u7684\u897f\u4f2f\u5229\u4e9a\u6d6e\u51b0\u5728\u590f\u5929\u5c06\u9000\u5230\u5317\u6781\u70b9\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u590f\u5b63\u822a\u8fd0\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u590f\u5929\u6d6e\u51b0\u7684\u6d88\u9000\u610f\u5473\u7740\u51ac\u5b63\u7684\u6d77\u51b0\u4e5f\u53ea\u6709\u8584\u8584\u7684\u4e00\u5c42\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u7834\u51b0\u8239\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u7834\u51b0\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8239\u8236\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u51ac\u5929\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u5c42\u8584\u51b0\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u7834\u51b0\u8239<span>\u3002<\/span> \n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u8239\u53ea\u5c06\u80fd\u591f\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bering_Strait\"><span><span>\u767d\u4ee4\u6d77\u5ce1<\/span><\/span><\/a>\u8d8a\u8fc7<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Pole\"><span><span>\u5317\u6781\u70b9<\/span><\/span><\/a>\u8fdb\u5165\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\uff0c\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u8fd9\u6761\u6d77\u8def\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u5f88\u5f3a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6bd4\u6cbf\u7740\u897f\u4f2f\u5229\u4e9a\u6d77\u5cb8\u7684\u66f2\u6298\u8def\u7ebf\u8981\u77ed\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u8fd9\u6761\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u6d77\u8def\u5bf9\u4ece\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u9a76\u5f80\u5317\u7f8e\u4e1c\u6d77\u5cb8\u7684\u8239\u53ea\u5341\u5206\u6709\u5229\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c06\u4ece\u683c\u9675\u5170\u5c9b\u548c\u51b0\u5c9b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Denmark_Strait\"><span><span>\u4e39\u9ea6\u6d77\u5ce1<\/span><\/span><\/a>\u8fdb\u5165\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4e1c\u5317\u90e8\u6e2f\u53e3\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002 \n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hudson_Bay\"><span><span>\u54c8\u5fb7\u900a\u6e7e<\/span><\/span><\/a>\u7684\u6d77\u51b0\u4e5f\u5df2\u7ecf\u5927\u5927\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Churchill,_Manitoba\"><span><span>\u90b1\u5409\u5c14\u6e2f<\/span><\/span><\/a>\uff08\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u66fc\u5c3c\u6258\u5df4\u7701\uff09\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u4e5f\u5c06\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u8239\u53ea\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u7ea6\u6709\u534a\u4e2a\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u90a3\u4e48\u5927\u7684\u54c8\u5fb7\u900a\u6e7e\u81ea\u7531\u822a\u884c\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6d77\u6e7e\u76f4\u8fbe\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u4fbf\u5229\u6765\u81ea\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5fc3\u810f\u5730\u5e26\u7684\u8d27\u7269\u8fd0\u8f93\u3002\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u90b1\u5409\u5c14\u6e2f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u94c1\u8def\u8d77\u70b9\u548c\u6e2f\u53e3\uff0c\u51fa\u53e3\u5c0f\u9ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5e73\u539f\u6240\u4ea7\u7684\u8c37\u7269\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f97\u5230\u5f88\u5927\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4f46\u6d77\u51b0\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u518d\u5f80\u540e\uff0c\u90b1\u5409\u5c14\u6e2f\u4e5f\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65c5\u6e38\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u968f\u7740\u5168\u7403\u53d8\u6696\uff0c\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5317\u65b9\u5730\u533a\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u90b1\u5409\u5c14\u6e2f\u4e5f\u5c06\u7ee7\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u3002 \n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u8bb8\u591a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u5317\u51b0\u6d0b\u6d77\u8def\u7684\u7b2c\u56db\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\u5c06\u662f\u5f00\u8f9f\u7a7f\u8fc7\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5317\u90e8\u7fa4\u5c9b\u7684\u822a\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u5317\u51b0\u6d0b\u822a\u6d77\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u7b2c\u4e94\u6b65\u3001\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u5f00\u8f9f\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u57282100\u5e74\u524d\u540e\u3002\u5c4a\u65f6\uff0c\u5317\u51b0\u6d0b\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u51ac\u5929\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u51b0\u4e86\uff0c\u5317\u6781\u5708\u5185\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5730\u65b9\u5728\u5de5\u4e1a\u3001\u91c7\u77ff\u548c\u6cb9\u6c14\u5f00\u53d1\u4e0a\u4e5f\u5c06\u6709\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002 \n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u51b0\u7684\u5317\u51b0\u6d0b\u5c06\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u73af\u5f62\u7684\u822a\u6d77\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51fa\u73b0\u5927\u91cf\u7a7f\u8d8a\u5317\u51b0\u6d0b\u7684\u822a\u7ebf\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u5317\u6781\u5708\u5185\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u57ce\u9547\u548c\u6e2f\u53e3\u3002\u52302050\u5e74\uff0c\u4ece\u5317\u6781\u5708\u5230\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5317\u90e8\u8179\u5730\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alaska\"><span><span>\u963f\u62c9\u65af\u52a0<\/span><\/span><\/a>\u548c\u897f\u4f2f\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u4ea4\u901a\u5c06\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u5f00\u8f9f\u51fa\u66f4\u591a\u8d44\u6e90\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u65b0\u5730\u533a\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u9996\u5148\u5c06\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u6cb3\u6d41\u6cbf\u5cb8\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u53ea\u5728\u590f\u5b63\u65e0\u51b0\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002 \n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9884\u6d4b\u8bf4\u65b0\u7684\u5b9a\u5c45\u70b9\u5c06\u4ece\u6d77\u5cb8\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u9010\u6e10\u901a\u8fc7\u6cb3\u6d41\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u5185\u9646\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5730\u533a\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u5b9a\u5c45\u90fd\u662f\u6309\u7167\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u3002\u5728\u5185\u9646\u5730\u533a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4ece\u5317\u6781\u5708\u8fdb\u5165\u4e16\u754c\u4e24\u4e2a\u6700\u5927\u6d77\u6d0b&mdash;&mdash;\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u548c\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u7684\u822a\u8fd0\u4e5f\u5c06\u5927\u5927\u589e\u52a0\u3002 \n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u6696\u548c\u5317\u6781\u5168\u7403\u822a\u8fd0\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u53d7\u76ca\u8005\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5317\u6781\u5730\u533a\u81ea\u8eab\uff0c\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u6700\u5927\u4e5f\u5f88\u5feb\u7684\u5730\u533a\u8fd8\u6709\u767d\u4ee4\u6d77\u5ce1\u4e24\u5cb8\u3002\u8fd9\u6761\u72ed\u7a84\u7684\u6d77\u5ce1\u8fde\u63a5\u7740\u5317\u51b0\u6d0b\u548c\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\uff0c\u897f\u8fb9\u662f\u4fc4\u56fd\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kamchatka_Peninsula\"><span><span>\u582a\u5bdf\u52a0\u534a<span>\u5c9b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>\uff0c\u4e1c\u8fb9\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u65af\u52a0\u5dde\u3002\u767d\u4ee4\u6d77\u5ce1\u5728\u5730\u7f18\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u4e5f\u5c06\u9010\u6e10\u53d8\u5f97\u5341\u5206\u5de8\u5927\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4ee5\u524d\u76f4\u5e03\u7f57\u9640\u6d77\u5ce1\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u90a3\u6837\u3002 \n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u582a\u5bdf\u52a0\u534a\u5c9b\u7684\u9762\u79ef\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u8d44\u6e90\u5341\u5206\u4e30\u5bcc\u3002\u5b83\u4f4d\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sea_of_Okhotsk\"><span><span>\u9102\u970d\u6b21\u514b\u6d77<\/span><\/span><\/a>\u897f\u5cb8\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6d77\u6709\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u90a3\u4e48\u5927\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5730\u533a\u7684\u6e2f\u53e3\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u53ef\u80fd\u7e41\u8363\u7684\u662f<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky\"><span><span>\u5f7c\u5f97\u7f57\u5df4\u752b\u6d1b\u65af\u514b<\/span><\/span><\/a>\u3002 \n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ece\u5317\u90e8\u5730\u533a\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fbe\u5230\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece\u4e2d\u90e8\u6d77\u5cb8\u7ebf\u51fa\u53d1\u5411\u5317\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f88\u4e0d\u5229\u3002 \n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u963f\u62c9\u65af\u52a0\u4f4d\u4e8e\u767d\u4ee4\u6d77\u5ce1\u4e1c\u5cb8\uff0c\u7a7f\u8fc7\u6d77\u5ce1\u7684\u65b0\u589e\u822a\u7ebf\u5c06\u63d0\u9ad8\u963f\u62c9\u65af\u52a0\u897f\u90e8\u3001\u5357\u90e8\u6d77\u5cb8\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u5317\u90e8\u6d77\u5cb8\u4e5f\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u90a3\u91cc\u6709\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u6cb9\u6c14\u50a8\u91cf\u3002 \n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u767d\u4ee4\u6d77\u5ce1\u5357\u8fb9\u662f\u963f\u7559\u7533\u7fa4\u5c9b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e32\u5c9b\u5f27\u662f\u963f\u62c9\u65af\u52a0\u534a\u5c9b\u7684\u5ef6\u4f38\uff0c\u6709\u597d\u51e0\u4e2a\u6e2f\u53e3\u3002\u8239\u53ea\u4ece\u767d\u4ee4\u6d77\u5ce1\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5411\u897f\u5f00\u5f80\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5411\u4e1c\u5f00\u5f80\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u90fd\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7\u963f\u62c9\u65af\u52a0\u534a\u5c9b\u548c\u963f\u7559\u7533\u7fa4\u5c9b\uff0c\u8fd9\u7ed9\u5c9b\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6e2f\u53e3\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u53d1\u5c55\u6f5c\u529b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u5317\u6781\u822a\u8fd0\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8865\u7ed9\u7ad9\u3002 \n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u5317\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u901a\u5411\u5317\u51b0\u6d0b\u7684\u6d77\u57df\u8981\u6bd4\u767d\u4ee4\u6d77\u5ce1\u5bbd\u5e7f\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a&ldquo;\u5927\u95e8&rdquo;\u3002\u6700\u897f\u8fb9\u7684\u5927\u95e8\u662f\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u548c\u683c\u9675\u5170\u5c9b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Davis_Strait\"><span><span>\u6234\u7ef4\u65af\u6d77\u5ce1<\/span><\/span><\/a>\uff0c\u6709350\u516c\u91cc\u5bbd\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u662f\u683c\u9675\u5170\u5c9b\u548c\u51b0\u5c9b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e39\u9ea6\u6d77\u5ce1\uff08286\u516c\u91cc\u5bbd\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u5317\u6781\u822a\u8fd0\u4e0a\u4e5f\u5c06\u53d8\u5f97\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u3001\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u5bbd\u7684&ldquo;\u5927\u95e8&rdquo;\u662f\u51b0\u5c9b\u548c\u632a\u5a01\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u6709800\u516c\u91cc\u5bbd\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u51b0\u4e5f\u6700\u5c11\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6d77\u8def\u88ab\u5206\u6210\u4e24\u80a1\uff1a\u4e00\u80a1\u4ece\u82f1\u56fd\u4e1c\u8fb9\u901a\u5f80\u6b27\u6d32\u5317\u90e8\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u80a1\u901a\u8fc7\u82f1\u56fd\u897f\u8fb9\u8fdb\u5165\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u3002\u5728\u5f88\u957f\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iceland\"><span><span>\u51b0\u5c9b<\/span><\/span><\/a>\u548c\u632a\u5a01\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5927\u95e8\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u5317\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u5730\u533a\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u95e8\u6237\u3002 \n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u968f\u7740\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6cb9\u6c14\u4ece\u897f\u897f\u4f2f\u5229\u4e9a\u8fd0\u5f80\u7f8e\u6d32\u897f\u5317\u90e8\u548c\u5317\u6b27\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5927\u95e8\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u5f70\u663e\u3002<br \/>\n<span><br \/>\n<\/span>\u5728\u4e8c\u6218\u4ee5\u53ca\u540e\u6765\u7684\u51b7\u6218\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u683c\u9675\u5170\u5c9b\u3001\u51b0\u5c9b\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684&ldquo;GIUK\u7f3a\u53e3&rdquo;\u66fe\u662f\u6218\u7565\u8981\u5730\u3002\u5728\u4e8c\u6218\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4ece\u7f8e\u56fd\u5f00\u6765\u7684\u8239\u53ea\uff08\u4f9b\u5e94\u6b66\u5668\u5e76\u652f\u6301\u4fc4\u56fd\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eastern_Front_%28World_War_II%29\"><span><span>\u4e1c\u7ebf<\/span><\/span><\/a>\u6297\u51fb\u5fb7\u519b\uff09\u90fd\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95e8\u6237\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Allies_of_World_War_II\"><span><span>\u76df\u519b<\/span><\/span><\/a>\u5360\u9886\u7684\u51b0\u5c9b\u7531\u4e8e\u4f4d\u4e8e\u8be5\u95e8\u6237\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u800c\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u4e0a\u7684\u8239\u53ea\u4ece\u51b0\u5c9b\u7684\u6218\u8230\u548c\u7a7a\u519b\u57fa\u5730\u90a3\u91cc\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u652f\u6301\u548c\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u4e8c\u6218\u540e\uff0c\u539f\u6765\u7684\u76df\u56fd\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u82cf\u8054\u6210\u4e3a\u6b7b\u654c\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u6d77\u519b\u8fdb\u5165\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u7ebf\u8def\u5c31\u662fGIUK\u7f3a\u53e3\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u91cc\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u9632\u5b88\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ebf\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u51b0\u5c9b\u7b7e\u8ba2\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cc\u8fb9\u9632\u536b\u6761\u7ea6\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u51c6\u6269\u5927<a 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