{"id":38122,"date":"2007-12-17T10:22:00","date_gmt":"2007-12-17T10:22:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-09-24T10:38:49","modified_gmt":"2020-09-24T10:38:49","slug":"38122","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/zh\/3\/38122\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6df1\u5165\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<p>\u82f1\u56fd\u4f5c\u5bb6\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gerald_Durrell\">\u6770\u62c9\u5c14\u5fb7\u00b7\u8fbe\u96f7\u5c14<\/a>\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u6bd4\u70ed\u5e26\u96e8\u6797\u66f4\u80fd\u628a\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u50b2\u6162\u53d8\u6210\u656c\u754f\u7684\u4e86\u3002\u201d\u5728\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u6700\u540e\u7684\u9635\u5730\u4e2d\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rainforests\">\u96e8\u6797<\/a>\u662f\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u767d\u5929\u4e5f\u5e7d\u6697\u795e\u79d8\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u751f\u5b58\u7740\u96be\u5f97\u4e00\u89c1\u7684\u52a8\u690d\u7269\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u201c\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u6700\u590d\u6742\u3001\u6700\u7f8e\u4e3d\u4e5f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u4e00\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u8fbe\u96f7\u5c14\u8865\u5145\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u201c\u6b63\u5728\u88ab\u6211\u4eec\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u8d2a\u6b32\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u8c61\u559d\u9189\u7684\u733f\u7334\u95ef\u8fdb\u7f8e\u672f\u9986\uff0c\u91ce\u86ee\u6b8b\u9177\u800c\u6beb\u65e0\u5934\u8111\u3002\u7f8e\u672f\u9986\u7684\u753b\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u753b\uff0c\u4f46\u70ed\u5e26\u96e8\u6797\u5374\u65e0\u6cd5\u91cd\u73b0\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8fc5\u901f\u6bc1\u706d\u7740\u96e8\u6797\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u5730\u7403\u672a\u6765\u7684\u75c5\u5f81\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5e7f\u88a4\u7684\u68ee\u6797\u662f\u6c14\u5019\u8c03\u8282\u5668\uff0c\u6c99\u6f20\u7684\u963b\u6b62\u8005\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u4ed3\u5e93\uff0c\u50a8\u85cf\u7740\u4e1d\u6beb\u672a\u52a8\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u987e\u540d\u601d\u4e49\uff0c\u70ed\u5e26\u96e8\u6797\u4f4d\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tropic_of_Cancer\">\u5317\u56de\u5f52\u7ebf<\/a>\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tropic_of_Capricorn\">\u5357\u56de\u5f52\u7ebf<\/a>\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u7247\u548c\u8d64\u9053\u5e73\u884c\u73af\u7ed5\u5730\u7403\u7684\u5e7f\u88a4\u5730\u57df\uff0c\u9633\u5149\u70bd\u70c8\u3001\u6c14\u5019\u6e29\u6696\u6e7f\u6da6\u800c\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u4e9a\u6d32\u5357\u90e8\u3001\u6fb3\u5dde\u5317\u90e8\u3001\u975e\u6d32\u548c\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u90fd\u6709\u70ed\u5e26\u96e8\u6797\uff0c\u4f46\u8c08\u5230\u6fc0\u53d1\u5947\u8ff9\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amazon_Rainforest\">\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a\u96e8\u6797<\/a>\u662f\u65e0\u4e0e\u4f26\u6bd4\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u5728\u5730\u7403\u6b8b\u5b58\u7684\u96e8\u6797\u4e2d\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amazon_Basin\">\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a\u6cb3\u6d41\u57df<\/a>\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u70ed\u5e26\u4e1b\u6797\u5360\u4e86\u4e00\u534a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002\u5728550\u4e07\u5e73\u65b9\u516c\u91cc\u7684\u571f\u5730\u4e0a\uff0c\u5230\u5904\u90fd\u662f\u7269\u79cd\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u68ee\u6797\uff0c\u5176<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Biodiversity\">\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027<\/a>\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u53f9\u3002\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u5728\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a\u6cb3\u6d41\u57df\u5185\uff0c\u4ece\u9ad8\u8038\u5165\u4e91\u7684\u6811\u51a0\uff0c\u5230\u68ee\u6797\u7684\u5730\u9762\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u7740\u51e0\u767e\u4e07\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u751f\u7269\u3002\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a\u6cb3\u6d41\u57df\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6de1\u6c34\u5b58\u50a8\u5730\uff0c\u6d41\u57df\u9762\u79ef\u6709700\u4e07\u5e73\u65b9\u516c\u91cc\uff0c\u8de8\u8d8a9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5360\u5e74\u7f8e\u6d32\u603b\u9762\u79ef\u768440%\u3002\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a\u6cb3\u5411\u4e1c\u6d41\u5165\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\uff0c\u5728\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5165\u6d77<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fresh_water\">\u6de1\u6c34<\/a>\u603b\u91cf\u4e2d\u5360\u4e94\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a\u7eff\u8272\u7684\u68ee\u6797\u5e7f\u88a4\u7ef5\u5ef6\u3001\u6ce5\u6c99\u6eda\u6eda\u7684\u6cb3\u6d41\u6210\u767e\u4e0a\u5343\uff0c\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u4e00\u7247\u539f\u59cb\u795e\u79d8\u548c\u4e98\u53e4\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u98ce\u8c8c\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5730\u5904\u504f\u50fb\u3001\u9762\u79ef\u5e7f\u5927\uff0c\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u88ab\u6df1\u6df1\u57cb\u85cf\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u65b0\u7684\u52a8\u690d\u7269\u79cd\u7c7b\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/news.nationalgeographic.com\/news\/2007\/11\/071105-peccary-picture.html\">\u53d1\u73b0<\/a>\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u79d8\u5bc6\u6162\u6162\u88ab\u63ed\u793a\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deforestation\">\u68ee\u6797\u7834\u574f<\/a>\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Climate_change\">\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316<\/a>\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u96e8\u6797\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u6b63\u53d7\u5230\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u968f\u7740\u7269\u79cd\u6d88\u5931\u5728\u68ee\u6797\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u4e00\u4f4d\u6863\u6848\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7684\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u8fd9\u5ea7\u751f\u547d\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u91cc\u7684\u4e66\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u5c31\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u70e7\u6389\u4e86\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u9020\u6210\u68ee\u6797\u7834\u574f\uff08\u65e0\u8bba\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\uff09\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u6709\u91c7\u4f10\u3001\u5f00\u77ff\u3001\u5de5\u519c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u7b51\u8def\u3002\u4f46\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5730\u7403\u5927\u6c14\u4e2d<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greenhouse_gas\">\u6e29\u5ba4\u6c14\u4f53<\/a>\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u63d0\u9ad8\u548c\u5e72\u65f1\u9891\u7387\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff09\u5bf9\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u70ed\u5e26\u96e8\u6797\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u4f1a\u8d85\u8fc7\u68ee\u6797\u7834\u574f\u3002\uff08\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u8bf4\uff0c\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u548c\u68ee\u6797\u7834\u574f\u90fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaria\">\u759f\u75be<\/a>\u5728\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a\u65b0\u7684\u5730\u533a\u8513\u5ef6\u3002\u53cd\u5b63\u8282\u964d\u96e8\u3001\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6811\u6728\u780d\u4f10\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5145\u8db3\u7684\u65e5\u7167\u548c\u5b51\u5b53\u5b73\u751f\u7684\u5c0f\u6c34\u5751\uff0c\u8fd9\u90fd\u662f\u5e26\u75c5\u868a\u866b\u7e41\u6b96\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u73af\u5883\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u5e38\u5e38\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u4ee5\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u759f\u75be\u7684\u5730\u533a\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u6574\u4e2a\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a\u5730\u533a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u90fd\u5728\u52aa\u529b\u5f04\u6e05\u695a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u73af\u5883\u8d8b\u52bf\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u533a\u57df\u662f\u504f\u50fb\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Loreto_Region\">\u6d1b\u96f7\u6258\u7701<\/a>\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u79d8\u9c81\u6700\u5927\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u9760\u5317\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7701\u4efd\u3002\u5b83\u51e0\u4e4e\u5360\u4e86\u79d8\u9c81\u603b\u9762\u79ef\u7684\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u690d\u88ab\u8302\u5bc6\u3001\u6cb3\u6d41\u7eb5\u6a2a\uff08\u5927\u591a\u6570\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u884c\u8239\uff09\u3002\u6d1b\u96f7\u6258\u4eba\u53e3\u7a00\u5c11\uff0c\u6e38\u5ba2\u7f55\u81f3\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u68ee\u6797\u4e2d\u4ecd\u7136\u5c45\u4f4f\u7740\u6240\u8c13\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.survival-international.org\/campaigns\/uncontactedtribes\">\u4e0e\u4e16\u9694\u7edd\u90e8\u843d<\/a>\u201d\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u57287\u6708\u768416\u5929\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u53c2\u52a0\u4e86<a href=\"https:\/\/www.earthwatch.org\/site\/pp.asp?c=dsJSK6PFJnH&amp;b=386451\">\u5730\u7403\u89c2\u5bdf\u7814\u7a76\u6240<\/a>\u7684\u63a2\u9669\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b21\u63a2\u9669\u4ee5\u5185\u6cb3\u8239\u53ea\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u4ece\u6d1b\u96f7\u6258\u7701\u7684\u9996\u5e9c\u2014\u2014\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a\u6cb3\u6e2f<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iquitos\">\u4f0a\u57fa\u6258\u65af<\/a>\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u5230<a href=\"https:\/\/www.kent.ac.uk\/anthropology\/dice\/lagopreto\/index.html\">\u62c9\u6208\u00b7\u666e\u96f7\u6258\u7279\u8bb8\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a<\/a>\u76d1\u6d4b\u90a3\u91cc\u7684\u91ce\u751f\u751f\u7269\u79cd\u7fa4\u3002\u8fd9\u7247\u70ed\u5e26\u68ee\u6797\u67091\u4e07\u516c\u9877\uff0c\u5750\u843d\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yavari_River\">\u96c5\u74e6\u91cc\u6cb3<\/a>\u4e0a\u6e38\uff0c\u8ddd\u79bb\u4f0a\u57fa\u6258\u65af\u6709\u56db\u5929\u7684\u8def\u7a0b\u3002\u96c5\u74e6\u91cc\u6cb3\u662f\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a\u6cb3\u4f17\u591a\u652f\u6d41\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6cb3\u6bb5\u6210\u4e3a\u79d8\u9c81\u548c\u5df4\u897f\u7684\u5206\u754c\uff0c\u759f\u75be\u662f\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u75c5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e2a19\u4eba\u7684\u5730\u7403\u89c2\u5bdf\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u63a2\u9669\u961f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e48\u8bf4\u6beb\u4e0d\u5938\u5f20\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4e3b\u8003\u5bdf\u8239\u201c\u963f\u96c5\u666e\u963f\u201d\u53f7\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5728\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a\u6cb3\u4e0a\u7684\u65c5\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\uff1b\u5728\u96c5\u74e6\u91cc\u6cb3\u4e0a\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6c34\u4f4d\u6d45\u3001\u6c34\u6d41\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u884c\u8fdb\u901f\u5ea6\u53d8\u5f97\u5f88\u6162\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u88ab\u8feb\u77ed\u6682\u505c\u7559\uff0c\u4ee5\u5c3d\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\u7530\u91ce\u8003\u5bdf\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5728\u96c5\u74e6\u91cc\u6cb3\u4e2d\u6bb5\u7684\u9a6c\u5361\u5965\u6751\u9644\u8fd1\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u652f\u56fd\u9645\u5fd7\u613f\u8005\u961f\u4f0d\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u5e2e\u52a9\u79d8\u9c81\u7530\u91ce\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6536\u96c6\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.answers.com\/topic\/indicator-species?cat=health\">\u6307\u793a\u79cd<\/a>\u201d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u6307\u793a\u79cd\u52a8\u7269\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u5176\u51fa\u6ca1\u6216\u76f8\u5bf9\u826f\u597d\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u72b6\u51b5\u80fd\u591f\u53cd\u6620\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52a8\u7269\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u96c5\u74e6\u91cc\u6cb3\u6cbf\u5cb8\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.isptr-pard.org\/dolphin.html\">\u6cb3\u8c5a<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Caiman\">\u9cc4\u9c7c<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Macaw\">\u91d1\u521a\u9e66\u9e49<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.kent.ac.uk\/anthropology\/dice\/lagopreto\/pages\/lgprtuakari.html\">\u8d64\u79c3\u7334<\/a>\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7075\u957f\u7c7b\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.kent.ac.uk\/anthropology\/dice\/lagopreto\/pages\/lgprtotter.html\">\u5927\u6c34\u736d<\/a>\u4ee5\u53ca\u6816\u606f\u5728\u6797\u4e2d<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ungulate\">\u6709\u8e44\u52a8\u7269<\/a>\uff0c\u5982<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peccary\">\u897f\u732f<\/a>\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tapir\">\u8c98<\/a>\u3002\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u548c\u79cd\u7fa4\u5bc6\u5ea6\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6539\u8fdb\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u91ce\u751f\u751f\u7269\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u91ce\u751f\u751f\u7269\u4fdd\u62a4\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u6cb3\u8c5a\uff08\u5176\u4e2d\u7c89\u7ea2\u8272\u6cb3\u8c5a\u662f\u6700\u5927\u7684\u79cd\u7fa4\uff09\u5c24\u5176\u5177\u6709\u6307\u793a\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u65e2\u9700\u8981\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u9c7c\u7c7b\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u826f\u597d\u7684\u6c34\u8d28\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u8fd8\u662f\u6cb3\u6d41\u4e2d\u7684\u9876\u7ea7\u63a0\u98df\u8005\u3002\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a\u5730\u533a\u4e0d\u6355\u6349\u6cb3\u8c5a\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6740\u5bb3\u4e5f\u662f\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u7981\u5fcc\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5076\u7136\u4e5f\u4e0d\u884c\u3002\u6cb3\u8c5a\u672c\u8eab\u5bf9\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u4e5f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u5229\u7528\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u798f\u7949\u4ee5\u53ca\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u68ee\u6797\u4e2d\u7684\u6e56\u6cca\u662f\u7531\u5b63\u8282\u6027\u7684\u6d2a\u6c34\u548c\u6cb3\u6c34\u9000\u540e\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u6c34\u5f62\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u5546\u4e1a\u6355\u9c7c\u7684\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u96c5\u74e6\u91cc\u6cb3\u7684\u79d8\u9c81\u4e00\u4fa7\u7684\u538b\u529b\u6700\u5927\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5df4\u897f\u4e00\u4fa7\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\u7981\u6b62\u5546\u4e1a\u6355\u9c7c\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u6e14\u6c11\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e9b\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u4eba\uff09\u90fd\u6d8c\u8fdb\u79d8\u9c81\u7684\u96c5\u74e6\u91cc\u5730\u533a\u3002\uff08\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5728\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a\u6cb3\u4e0a\u6709\u4e00\u5c0f\u5757\u56fd\u571f\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u96c5\u74e6\u91cc\u6cb3\u3002\u8fd9\u5757\u539f\u6765\u5c5e\u4e8e\u79d8\u9c81\u7684\u571f\u5730\u4f4d\u4e8e\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u6700\u5357\u65b9\uff0c\u6bd7\u90bb\u5df4\u897f\uff0c\u6cb3\u6e2f<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Colombia-Peru_War\">\u83b1\u8482\u897f\u4e9a<\/a>\u5c31\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u4e1b\u6797\u72e9\u730e\uff08\u730e\u7269\u5305\u62ec\u91ce\u79bd\u3001\u897f\u732f\u3001\u8c98\u3001\u7334\u5b50\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u52a8\u7269\uff09\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u6570\u636e\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc4\u4ef7\u3002\u201c\u8bc4\u4ef7\u91ce\u751f\u52a8\u690d\u7269\u7ba1\u7406\u8ba1\u5212\u6210\u529f\u4e0e\u5426\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u9014\u5f84\u5c31\u662f\u76d1\u6d4b\u3002\u201d\u5730\u7403\u89c2\u5bdf\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u7c4d\u4e3b\u4efb\u89c2\u5bdf\u5458\uff08\u9996\u5e2d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff09<a href=\"https:\/\/www.kent.ac.uk\/anthropology\/dice\/dicestaff\/rickB.html\">\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u00b7\u535a\u5fb7\u9ed8<\/a>\u8bf4\u3002\u201c\u4e00\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u975e\u5e38\u5173\u952e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u8bdd\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u6839\u636e\u3002\u201d\u535a\u5fb7\u9ed8\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u4fdd\u62a4\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u79d8\u9c81\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a\u5730\u533a\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fdb\u884c\u4e8620\u5e74<a href=\"https:\/\/www.kent.ac.uk\/anthropology\/dice\/dicestaff\/reb_research.html\">\u7814\u7a76<\/a>\u3002\u4ed6\u5c31\u804c\u4e8e\u80af\u7279\u5927\u5b66\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u8fbe\u96f7\u5c14\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u751f\u6001\u7814\u7a76\u6240(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.kent.ac.uk\/anthropology\/dice\/index.html\">DICE<\/a>)\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u662f\u56e0\u5bf9\u6770\u62c9\u5c14\u5fb7\u00b7\u8fbe\u96f7\u5c14\u6bd5\u751f\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u4fdd\u62a4\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\u800c\u547d\u540d\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u5728\u9a6c\u5361\u5965\u7684\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u70b9\uff0c\u65e0\u6570\u5de8\u5927\u800c\u9c9c\u8273\u7684\u8774\u8776\u7fe9\u7136\u98de\u821e\u3002\u5728\u7eb7\u98de\u7684\u8776\u5f71\u4e2d\uff0c\u963f\u96c5\u666e\u963f\u53f7\u5c31\u505c\u5728\u9661\u5ced\u6ce5\u6cde\u7684\u5cb8\u8fb9\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u8258\u4ece<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rubber_boom\">\u6a61\u80f6\u70ed\u65f6\u4ee3<\/a>\u6cbf\u7528\u81f3\u4eca\u7684\u8461\u8404\u9152\u8239\u3002\u4e3a\u671f\u4e00\u5468\u7684\u7530\u91ce\u7814\u7a76\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u9996\u80af\u3002\uff08\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u751a\u81f3\u64a4\u6389\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u730e\u67aa\u9677\u9631\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u556e\u9f7f\u52a8\u7269\u2014\u2014<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paca\">\u5154\u8c5a\u9f20<\/a>\u7cdf\u8e4b\u4ed6\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cassava\">\u6728\u85af<\/a>\u7530\u800c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u3002\uff09\u535a\u5fb7\u9ed8\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u539f\u59cb\u5730\u70b9\u6536\u96c6\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thefreedictionary.com\/baseline\">\u57fa\u7ebf<\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5c06\u4f1a\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u8239\u884c\u6cb3\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u53f3\u8fb9\u662f\u79d8\u9c81\u3001\u5de6\u8fb9\u662f\u5df4\u897f\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u65e5\u591c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u591a\u6b21\u767b\u4e0a\u5c0f\u8f85\u52a9\u8247\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u91d1\u521a\u9e66\u9e49\u3001\u6cb3\u8c5a\u548c\u51ef\u95e8\u9cc4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8c03\u67e5\u3002\u5728\u6d53\u5bc6\u7684\u96e8\u6797\u91cc\uff0c\u6325\u821e\u7740\u5927\u780d\u5200\u7684\u91ce\u5916\u52a9\u624b\u780d\u51fa\u4e09\u6761<a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?hl=en&amp;defl=en&amp;q=define:Transect&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=glossary_definition&amp;ct=title\">\u5c0f\u8def<\/a>\uff0c\u6bcf\u6761\u90fd\u6709\u4e09\u516c\u91cc\u957f\u3002\u6cbf\u7740\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d39\u529b\u7684\u5c0f\u5f84\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c55\u5f00\u4e86\u9646\u5730\u52a8\u7269\u666e\u67e5\u3002\uff08\u535a\u5fb7\u9ed8\u5bf9\u7ea2\u79c3\u7334\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u5c24\u5176\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ea\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u79d8\u9c81\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a\u5730\u533a\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u957f\u7740\u7ea2\u9762\u5b54\u3001\u79c3\u8111\u888b\u7684\u7075\u957f\u7c7b\u52a8\u7269\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u62c9\u6208\u666e\u96f7\u6258\u5730\u533a\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u6700\u591a\u3002\u535a\u5fb7\u9ed8\u8bf4\uff0c\u80fd\u5728\u9a6c\u5361\u5965\u770b\u5230\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u8981\u4e14\u4ee4\u4eba\u5174\u594b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u7f55\u89c1\u7684\u7334\u5b50\u7684\u9886\u5730\u662f\u96be\u4ee5\u6349\u6478\u7684\u3002\u201c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u6816\u606f\u5730\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u5b83\u4eec\u5462\uff1f\u5c31\u8fde\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u597d\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u201d\uff09<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u5728\u4e0b\u6e38\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5fd7\u613f\u8005\u4eec\u8bb0\u5f55\u7740\u68ee\u6797\u6e56\u6cca\u4e2d\u7684\u9c7c\u7c7b\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u6c34\u864e\u9c7c\uff09\u3002\uff08\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a\u6d41\u57df\u897f\u90e8\u7684\u6d77\u62d4\u6bd4\u4e1c\u90e8\u8981\u4f4e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u68ee\u6797\u66f4\u52a0\u6ce5\u6cde\u3001\u66f4\u591a<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alluvial\">\u51b2\u79ef<\/a>\uff0c\u6d2a\u6c34\u7ecf\u5e38\u4e5f\u66f4\u591a\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u96c5\u74e6\u91cc\u6cb3\u6cbf\u5cb8\uff08\u548c\u79d8\u9c81\u7684<a 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href=\"https:\/\/www.darwin.gov.uk\/about\/\">\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u884c\u52a8\u8ba1\u5212<\/a>\u201d\u3001\u56fd\u9645\u91ce\u751f\u751f\u7269\u4fdd\u62a4\u5b66\u4f1a(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wcs.org\/\">WCS<\/a>)\u4ee5\u53ca<a 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href=\"https:\/\/flickr.com\/photos\/pierre_pouliquin\/482340646\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pierre 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