{"id":38530,"date":"2008-05-08T11:33:00","date_gmt":"2008-05-08T11:33:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-06-22T22:46:13","modified_gmt":"2020-06-22T22:46:13","slug":"38530","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/zh\/4\/38530\/","title":{"rendered":"\u98df\u54c1\u8fd8\u662f\u71c3\u6599\uff1f\u75db\u82e6\u4e0d\u582a\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u6289\u62e9"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>1959\u5e74\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5fb7\u514b\u8428\u65af\u5dde\u77f3\u6cb9\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u591a\u5e74\u6e38\u8bf4\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf<a href=\"https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/history\/presidents\/de34.html\"><span>\u827e\u68ee\u8c6a\u5a01\u5c14<\/span><\/a>\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd<a href=\"https:\/\/www.countyofsb.org\/energy\/information\/1959Quota.asp\"><span>\u539f\u6cb9\u8fdb\u53e3<\/span><\/a>\u5b9e\u884c\u914d\u989d\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u77f3\u6cb9\u8fdb\u53e3\u56fd\uff0c\u4e3a\u62b5\u6321\u5916\u56fd\u539f\u6cb9\u800c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u969c\u788d\u7684\u4e3b\u610f\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u770b\u6765\u771f\u662f\u8352\u5510\u53ef\u7b11\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u71c3\u6599\u77ed\u7f3a\u8feb\u5728\u7709\u776b\uff0c<a 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href=\"https:\/\/www.google.co.uk\/search?hl=en&amp;client=firefox-a&amp;channel=s&amp;rls=org.mozilla:en-GB:official&amp;hs=YGH&amp;defl=en&amp;q=define:Import+tariff&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=glossary_definition&amp;ct=title\"><span>\u8fdb\u53e3\u5173\u7a0e<\/span><\/a>\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/European_Union\"><span>\u6b27\u76df<\/span><\/a>\uff0c\u7126\u70b9\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u73af\u5883\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\uff1a\u8be5\u4ea7\u4e1a\u4e5f\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5173\u7a0e\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5e03\u9c81\u585e\u5c14\u7684\u6b27\u76df\u5b98\u5458\u6b63\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u8fdb\u53e3\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u98df\u54c1\u4ef7\u683c\u98d9\u5347\uff0c\u6cb9\u4ef7\u57282008\u5e744\u6708\u5e95\u8fbe\u5230\u6bcf\u6876\u8fd1120\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u6b64\u53cc\u91cd\u5371\u673a\u53d1\u51fa\u4e86\u660e\u786e\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u653f\u7b56\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u7ef4\u6301\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u9020\u6210\u98df\u54c1\u4ef7\u683c\u4e0a\u6da8\uff0c\u4e59\u9187\u7b49<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Biofuel\"><span>\u751f\u7269\u71c3\u6599<\/span><\/a>\u4e0d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u56fd\u9645\u8d27\u5e01\u57fa\u91d1\u7ec4\u7ec7(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/external\/about.htm\"><span>IMF<\/span><\/a>)\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb\u51e0\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u7528\u7389\u7c73\u7b49\u519c\u4f5c\u7269\u5236\u9020\u751f\u7269\u71c3\u6599\uff0c\u4ec5\u5bf9\u4ef7\u683c\u4e0a\u6da8\u8d77\u5230\u7ea620\uff05\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff1b\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4f5c\u7528\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u98df\u54c1\u4ef7\u683c\u548c\u71c3\u6599\u4ef7\u683c\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u6bd4\u4ee5\u5f80\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u5019\u90fd\u8981\u7d27\u5bc6\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8ba4\u8bc6\u81f4\u4f7f\u4e00\u4e9b\u73af\u4fdd\u7ec4\u7ec7&mdash;&mdash;\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e9b\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5982<a href=\"https:\/\/www.foei.org\/\"><span>&ldquo;\u5730\u7403\u4e4b\u53cb&rdquo;<\/span><\/a>\uff0c\u4ec5\u5728\u51e0\u5e74\u524d\u8fd8\u662f\u751f\u7269\u71c3\u6599\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5439\u9f13\u624b&mdash;&mdash;\u6566\u4fc3\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u8005\u5236\u6b62\u751f\u7269\u71c3\u6599\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u4ee5\u82f1\u56fd\u9996\u76f8<a href=\"https:\/\/www.number-10.gov.uk\/output\/Page12037.asp\"><span>\u5e03\u6717<\/span><\/a>\u4e3a\u9996\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5173\u6ce8\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u547c\u5401\u53cd\u601d\u751f\u7269\u71c3\u6599\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u6b27\u76df\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/www.transportenvironment.org\/News\/2008\/4\/Cracks-appearing-in-EUs-10-by-2020-target-for-biofuels\/\"><span>\u76ee\u6807<\/span><\/a>\u662f\u52302020\u5e74\u751f\u7269\u71c3\u6599\u6ee1\u8db3<a href=\"https:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/1\/hi\/world\/europe\/6365985.stm\"><span>10%\u7684\u71c3\u6599\u9700\u6c42<\/span><\/a>\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u52302022\u5e74\u5728\u71c3\u6599\u6d88\u8d39\u4e2d\u6709<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ens-newswire.com\/ens\/jun2007\/2007-06-22-10.asp\"><span>360\u4ebf\u52a0\u4ed1<\/span><\/a>\u7684&ldquo;\u53ef\u518d\u751f&rdquo;\u71c3\u6599\uff0c\u73b0\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldwatch.org\/node\/5600\"><span>\u770b\u6765\u6709\u70b9\u513f\u60ac<\/span><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u505c\u6b62\u751f\u7269\u71c3\u6599\u7684\u6269\u5f20\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e00\u4e86\u767e\u4e86\u3002120\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u6cb9\u4ef7\uff0c\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u4e00\u5e74\u91cc\u51e0\u4e4e\u7ffb\u4e86\u4e00\u500d\uff0c\u8106\u5f31\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b9e\u5728\u4e0d\u80fd\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u653e\u5f03\u751f\u7269\u71c3\u6599\u5219\u4f1a\u4f7f\u95ee\u9898\u66f4\u52a0\u4e25\u91cd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u9ad8\u6cb9\u4ef7\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u4f9b\u6c42\u5173\u7cfb\u975e\u5e38\u7d27\u5f20\u3002\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6291\u5236\u9700\u6c42\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u65b0\u7684\u6c7d\u8f66<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dieselnet.com\/standards\/us\/fe.php\"><span>\u71c3\u6599\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6027\u6807\u51c6<\/span><\/a>\u5c06\u662f\u671d\u6b63\u786e\u65b9\u5411\u8fc8\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6548\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u4e00\u822c\u3002\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u71c3\u6cb9\u7a0e\u6548\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5171\u548c\u515a\u62df\u5b9a\u603b\u7edf\u5019\u9009\u4eba<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_McCain\"><span>\u7ea6\u7ff0&middot;\u9ea6\u51ef\u6069<\/span><\/a>\u547c\u5401\u5728\u590f\u5b63\u6682\u505c\u5f81\u6536<a href=\"https:\/\/www.msnbc.msn.com\/id\/24120727\/\"><span>\u8054\u90a6\u77f3\u6cb9\u7a0e<\/span><\/a>\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u5357\u8f95\u5317\u8f99\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u9700\u6c42\u683c\u5c40\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e60\u60ef\u4e8e\u80fd\u6e90\u4ef7\u683c\u6c34\u5e73\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0a\u5347\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6709\u989d\u5916\u7684\u4f9b\u7ed9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u53bb\u5e74\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u71c3\u6599\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u6cb9\u6599\u4f9b\u7ed9\u8d21\u732e\u4e86\u7ea61.3\uff05\uff1a\u8d21\u732e\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5f88\u5c0f\uff0c\u4f46\u9ad8\u4e8e\u77f3\u6cb9\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u5361\u7279\u5c14<a href=\"https:\/\/www.opec.org\/home\/\"><span>\u6b27\u4f69\u514b<\/span><\/a>\u65e9\u671f\u6210\u5458\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\u3002\u5728\u672a\u6765\u51e0\u5e74\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u71c3\u6599\u5bf9\u6cb9\u6599\u4f9b\u5e94\u589e\u52a0\u989d\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u9884\u8ba1\u4f1a\u5927\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u4f9b\u6c42\u5173\u7cfb\u5c06\u66f4\u4e3a\u7d27\u5f20\uff0c\u6cb9\u4ef7\u5c06\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u524a\u51cf\u751f\u7269\u71c3\u6599\u7684\u4ea7\u91cf\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5c06\u4f7f\u98df\u54c1\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u80c0\u66f4\u52a0\u6076\u5316\uff1a\u6cb9\u4ef7\u4e0a\u5347\u63a8\u9ad8\u80a5\u6599\u548c\u8fd0\u8f93\u4ef7\u683c\uff0c\u800c\u80a5\u6599\u548c\u8fd0\u8f93\u5c5e\u4e8e\u519c\u4e1a\u6210\u672c\u6700\u5927\u6784\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u652f\u6301\u751f\u7269\u71c3\u6599\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\uff0c\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u751f\u7269\u71c3\u6599\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\uff0c\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u8005\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5de6\u53f3\u4e3a\u96be\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u5f88\u591a\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u652f\u6301\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deus_ex_machina\"><span>\u7ebe\u56f0\u4e4b\u6cd5<\/span><\/a>\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u662f\u80fd\u4ece\u79f8\u79c6\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u690d\u7269\u5e9f\u6599\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u7684&ldquo;\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4ee3&rdquo;\u751f\u7269\u71c3\u6599\uff0c\u5982<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cellulosic_ethanol\"><span>\u7ea4\u7ef4\u7d20\u4e59\u9187<\/span><\/a>\uff0c\u5e76\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u4e0e\u98df\u54c1\u4f9b\u5e94\u5f62\u6210\u7ade\u4e89\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u7ea4\u7ef4\u7d20\u4e59\u9187\u7684\u8654\u8bda\u58f0\u660e\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u7eaf\u7cb9\u662f\u4e00\u53a2\u60c5\u613f\uff0c\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5730\u65b9\u8fdb\u884c\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u751f\u4ea7\u3002\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4f01\u4e1a\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u652f\u6301\u7684\u7814\u53d1\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u7ea4\u7ef4\u7d20\u4e59\u9187\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f30\u8ba1\u83b7\u5f97\u5546\u4e1a\u751f\u5b58\u80fd\u529b\u53ef\u80fd\u5f97\u4e94\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u6316\u82e6\u8005\u79f0\uff0c\u8981\u4e00\u76f4\u7b49\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5012\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5\uff1a\u5df4\u897f\u7528<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sugarcane\"><span>\u7518\u8517<\/span><\/a>\u751f\u4ea7\u4e59\u9187\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u6b27\u6d32\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ethanol_fuel_in_Brazil\"><span>\u5df4\u897f\u4e59\u9187<\/span><\/a>\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u5f00\u653e\u5e02\u573a\u3002\u5df4\u897f\u53ef\u5728\u73b0\u4eca\u7528\u4f5c\u7267\u573a\u7684\u571f\u5730\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e59\u9187\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5de8\u5927\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/news.yahoo.com\/s\/afp\/20080430\/bs_afp\/brazilagricultureenergy\"><span>\u589e\u957f<\/span><\/a>\u6f5c\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u6269\u5927\u751f\u4ea7\u5bf9\u98df\u54c1\u4f9b\u5e94\u6216<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deforestation\"><span>\u7834\u574f\u68ee\u6797<\/span><\/a>\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5c06\u5f88\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u5df4\u897f\u4e59\u9187\u5e76\u975e\u4e07\u5168\u4e4b\u7b56\uff0c\u4f46\u80fd\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9&mdash;&mdash;\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u5728\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e2d\u4f4e\u6536\u5165\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u5fc5\u4e0e\u98df\u54c1\u4f9b\u5e94\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d1\u5c55\u751f\u7269\u71c3\u6599\u4ea7\u4e1a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1973_oil_crisis\"><span>\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u77f3\u6cb9\u7981\u8fd0<\/span><\/a>\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5411\u5916\u56fd\u77f3\u6cb9\u6253\u5f00\u4e86\u95f8\u95e8\u7684\u5c3c\u514b\u677e\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u52301973\u5e74\u672b\uff0c\u4ed6\u6295\u8eab\u4e8e\u5524\u8d77<a href=\"https:\/\/history.nasa.gov\/apollo.html\"><span>\u767b\u6708<\/span><\/a>\u548c\u4e8c\u6218\u65f6\u4ee3&ldquo;<a 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