{"id":38738,"date":"2008-07-11T11:46:00","date_gmt":"2008-07-11T11:46:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-06-22T22:47:25","modified_gmt":"2020-06-22T22:47:25","slug":"38738","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/zh\/1\/38738\/","title":{"rendered":"\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5962\u4f88\u4ee3\u4ef7"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dar_es_Salaam\"><span>\u8fbe\u7d2f\u65af\u8428\u62c9\u59c6<\/span><\/a>\u7684\u8d2b\u6c11\u7a9f\u5c45\u6c11\u4eec\u957f\u671f\u7528\u5c0f\u7f50\u4e70\u6c34\uff0c1000\u5347\u6c34\u8981\u82b18\u7f8e\u5143\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u57ce\u5e02\u91cc\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u80fd\u63a5\u4e0a\u81ea\u6765\u6c34\u7684\u8f83\u5bcc\u88d5\u5c45\u6c11\u7684\u82b1\u8d39\u5374\u53ea\u6709\u533a\u533a34\u7f8e\u5206\u3002\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u591a\u7684\u81ea\u6765\u6c34\u53ea\u97001.62\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u66f4\u53ea\u670968\u7f8e\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6765\u81ea\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u786e\u8ba4\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u6574\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8981\u83b7\u5f97\u6c34\u8fd9\u79cd\u6700\u5173\u952e\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u6700\u7a77\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u82b1\u7684\u94b1\u5374\u6700\u591a\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7f3a\u6c34\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u975e\u5e38\u5927\uff0c\u670910\u4ebf\u4eba\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6e05\u6d01\u7528\u6c34\uff0c\u670926\u4ebf\u4eba\u7f3a\u4e4f<a href=\"https:\/\/www.endwaterpoverty.org\/the_issue\/\"><span>\u536b\u751f<\/span><\/a>\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u636e\u8bbe\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u7684\u6148\u5584\u7ec4\u7ec7&ldquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wateraid.org\/uk\/\"><span>\u6c34\u63f4\u52a9<\/span><\/a>&rdquo;\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u6bcf\u5929\u6709\u5927\u7ea65\u5343\u540d\u513f\u7ae5\u6b7b\u4e8e\u548c\u6c34\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5f00\u53d1\u8ba1\u5212\u7f72(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.undp.org\/\"><span>UNDP<\/span><\/a>)\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8981\u8ba9\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5b89\u5168\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u51cf\u5c11\u4e00\u534a\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u82b1\u8d39100\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u5374\u80fd\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u5e26\u6765\u6bcf\u5e74380\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u3002\u5b83\u8fd8<a 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href=\"https:\/\/www.oecdobserver.org\/news\/fullstory.php\/aid\/939\/Pricing_water.html\"><span>\u6c34\u4ef7<\/span><\/a>\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u540c\u5728\u4e00\u56fd\u4e4b\u5185\uff0c\u7a77\u4eba\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6e05\u6d01\u7528\u6c34\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u5374\u5728\u6d6a\u8d39\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4f9b\u5e94\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u8865\u8d34\u6216\u8005\u7531\u4e8e\u4ef7\u683c\u6781\u4f4e\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ed6\u4eec\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8282\u7ea6\u7528\u6c34\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7edd\u975e\u53ea\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u636e\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u519c\u6c11\u6240\u4ed8\u7684\u6c34\u4ef7\u53ea\u6709\u5176\u5b9e\u9645\u6210\u672c\u76842%\uff1b\u52a0\u5229\u798f\u5c3c\u4e9a<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Central_Valley_%28California%29\"><span>\u4e2d\u592e\u8c37<\/span><\/a>\u5730\u533a\u79cd\u690d\u6c34\u7a3b\u548c\u5c0f\u9ea6\u7684\u519c\u6c11\u6bcf\u5e74\u7528\u6389\u7684\u6c34\u5360\u5168\u5dde\u7684\u4e94\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f4e\u5ec9\u7684\u6c34\u4ef7\u80cc\u540e\u662f\u6bcf\u5e74\u7684\u8865\u8d34\uff0c\u4ec52006\u5e74\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u8865\u8d34\u5c31\u9ad8\u8fbe\u7ea64.16\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&ldquo;\u6c34\u7684\u5b9a\u4ef7\u7edd\u4e0d\u516c\u6b63\u4e5f\u4e0d\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c&rdquo;\u5373\u5c06\u79bb\u4efb\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nestle.com\/\"><span>\u96c0\u5de2<\/span><\/a>\u98df\u54c1\u96c6\u56e2<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nestle.com\/MediaCenter\/PressReleases\/AllPressReleases\/141stAGM.htm\"><span>\u603b\u88c1<\/span><\/a>\u5f7c\u5f97&middot;\u5305\u5fc5\u8fbe\u8bf4\u3002&ldquo;\u6240\u4ee5\u4eba\u4eec\u7528\u8d77\u6c34\u6765\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6c38\u8fdc\u514d\u8d39\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u8d70\u5411\u67af\u7aed\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002&rdquo;\u4ed6\u8b66\u544a\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u91c7\u53d6\u66f4\u591a\u63aa\u65bd\u6765\u8282\u7ea6\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u3001\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u7406\u5206\u914d\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4e00\u573a\u5371\u673a\u5c31\u4f1a\u8feb\u5728\u7709\u776b\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/cms\/s\/0\/82077120-fd13-11dc-961e-000077b07658.html?nclick_check=1\"><span>\u4ea7\u4e1a\u754c\u5c06\u4e89\u76f8\u5bfb\u6c42\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6c34<\/span><\/a>\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5c06\u88ab\u8feb\u4ed8\u51fa\u9ad8\u5f97\u591a\u7684\u6c34\u4ef7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5305\u5fc5\u8fbe\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u5c31\u662f\u8ba9\u5e02\u573a\u529b\u91cf\u6765\u627f\u62c5\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6c34\u4e0d\u88ab\u6d6a\u8d39\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8fdb\u884c\u516c\u6b63\u800c\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u5b9a\u4ef7\u3002&ldquo;\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u524d\u8fdb\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c&rdquo;\u5305\u5fc5\u8fbe\u8bf4\u3002\u96c0\u5de2\u516c\u53f8\u8fd9\u4e48\u79ef\u6781\u5730\u53c2\u4e0e\u8fd9\u9879\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u6811\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u516c\u6c11\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u7531\u4e8e\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u63a8\u9500\u5a74\u513f\u5976\u7c89\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u5df2\u7ecf\u5bf9\u5b83\u8fdb\u884c\u4e8630\u5e74\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9_boycott\"><span>\u62b5\u5236<\/span><\/a>\u3002\u62b5\u5236\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5a74\u513f\u914d\u65b9\u5976\u7c89\u91cc\u6df7\u5165\u4e86\u88ab\u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u6c34\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u65e0\u6570\u5b69\u5b50\u592d\u6298\uff0c\u800c\u7528\u6bcd\u4e73\u5582\u517b\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u672c\u6765\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u7684\u3002\u96c0\u5de2\u516c\u53f8\u8bf4\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5b83\u5c06\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u8425\u9500\u4e0a\u9075\u5b88\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u89c4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u5177\u5371\u5bb3\u6027\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e4b\u4e00\u5c31\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u5168\u7403\u8d38\u6613\u4e2d\u7684&ldquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.waterwise.org.uk\/reducing_water_wastage_in_the_uk\/\"><span>\u865a\u62df\u6c34<\/span><\/a>&rdquo;\u8fdb\u884c\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u5b9a\u4ef7\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u865a\u62df\u6c34\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u7cae\u98df\u6216\u5236\u6210\u54c1\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u6c34\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u672c\u6765\u5c31\u7f3a\u6c34\uff0c\u5374\u8fd8\u4ee5\u5de5\u519c\u4e1a\u51fa\u53e3\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u628a\u6c34\u9001\u5230\u56fd\u5916\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u8f93\u51fa\u5c0f\u9ea6\u548c\u5176\u5b83\u7cae\u98df\uff0c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u51fa\u53e3\u7684&ldquo;\u865a\u62df\u6c34&rdquo;\u6bd4\u4efb\u4f55\u56fd\u5bb6\u90fd\u8981\u591a\u3002\u8be5\u56fd\u519c\u6c11\u5df2\u7ecf\u906d\u53d7\u4e86\u957f\u8fbe\u4e03\u5e74\u7684\u5e72\u65f1\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u624d\u521a\u521a\u51fa\u73b0\u7f13\u89e3\u7684\u8ff9\u8c61\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u519c\u4e1a\u7528\u6c34\u6548\u80fd\u6210\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u50cf\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u8fd9\u4e48\u5e72\u65f1\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5374\u5982\u6b64\u70ed\u8877\u4e8e\u704c\u6e89\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u7cae\u98df\u7684\u51fa\u53e3\uff0c\u4e13\u5bb6\u4eec\u8d28\u7591\u5176\u610f\u4e49\u4f55\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u5bf9&ldquo;\u865a\u62df\u6c34&rdquo;\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u51e0\u4e4e\u6beb\u65e0\u77e5\u89c9\uff0c\u4f46\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u8bb8\u591a\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u552e\u4ef7\u5374\u8868\u660e\u5176\u751f\u4ea7\u4e2d\u6240\u7528\u7684\u6c34\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u975e\u5e38\u4f4e\u5ec9\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u975e\u8425\u5229\u673a\u6784&ldquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.waterwise.org.uk\/reducing_water_wastage_in_the_uk\/\"><span>Waterwise<\/span><\/a>&rdquo;\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e00\u6761\u552e\u4ef7\u533a\u533a\u51e0\u82f1\u9551\u7684\u725b\u4ed4\u88e4\u8981\u8017\u8d3911000\u5347\u6c34\uff0c\u800c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u52301\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u6c49\u5821\u7528\u7684\u6c34\u4e5f\u8d85\u8fc72400\u5347\u3002<\/p>\n<p>UNDP\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/www.undp.org\/water\/\"><span>\u6c34\u7ba1\u7406\u9879\u76ee<\/span><\/a>\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u5b89\u5fb7\u9c81&middot;\u54c8\u5fb7\u68ee\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u519c\u4e1a\u7528\u6c34\u6237\u7ecf\u5e38\u5f97\u5230\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u8865\u8d34\uff0c\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u6709\u95f4\u63a5\u7684\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u519c\u6c11\u7684\u7528\u6c34&ldquo;\u5b9a\u4ef7\u4e25\u91cd\u8fc7\u4f4e&rdquo;\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0cUNDP\u4f30\u8ba1\u5370\u5ea6\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u4f4d\u6bcf\u5e74\u4e0b\u964d\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e00\u7c73\uff0c\u4e25\u91cd\u5a01\u80c1\u7740\u672a\u6765\u7684\u519c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4ed6\u4ea7\u4e1a\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u6709\u4f9b\u6c34\u8865\u8d34\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u62e5\u6709\u5f00\u91c7\u6743\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u5ec9\u4ef7\u751a\u81f3\u514d\u8d39\u7684\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u3002UNDP\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u8bf4\uff1a&ldquo;\u5728\u6c34\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u8086\u65e0\u5fcc\u60ee\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4e0d\u987e\u7684\u8d25\u5bb6\u5b50\u3002\u6309\u7167\u8865\u5145\u7387\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u7528\u6c34\u91cf\u90fd\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u5176\u50a8\u5b58\u91cf\u3002&rdquo;\u636e\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u53e3\u5c06\u4ece\u5982\u4eca\u7684\u7ea667\u4ebf\u589e\u52a0\u52302050\u5e74\u768490\u4ebf\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4e0d\u987e\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u5c06\u8ba9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e25\u5cfb\u7684\u672a\u6765\u9762\u4e34\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u4f55\u624d\u80fd\u5bf9\u6c34\u8fdb\u884c\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u5b9a\u4ef7\uff1f\u8bb8\u591a\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5e0c\u671b\u6c34\u80fd\u591f\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u4eba\u6743\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e9b\u63d0\u9ad8\u6c34\u4ef7\u7684\u673a\u5236\u8868\u793a\u6000\u7591\u3002&ldquo;\u6c34\u63f4\u52a9&rdquo;\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u4ea8\u5229&middot;\u8bfa\u68ee\u4f5b\u8865\u5145\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u843d\u540e\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u67b6\u6784\u963b\u788d\u4e86\u4e3a\u6c34\u5b9a\u4ef7\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u3002&ldquo;\u6210\u529f\u5730\u5229\u7528\u4ef7\u683c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8c03\u8282\u4f9b\u5e94\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u575a\u5f3a\u6027\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u4f53\u5236\u6709\u6548\u6027\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002&rdquo;<\/p>\n<p>\u54c8\u5fb7\u68ee\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9996\u5148\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u73b0\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5236\u5b9a\u6c34\u4ef7\uff1a&ldquo;\u5fc5\u987b\u5efa\u7acb\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6bcf\u4eba\u6bcf\u592920\u5347\u6c34\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u57fa\u672c\u9700\u6c42\uff08\u7528\u4e8e\u996e\u7528\u3001\u716e\u996d\u548c\u6d17\u6da4\uff09\u3002\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u63d0\u4f9b\u8865\u8d34\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5efa\u8bbe\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u4f9b\u6c34\u8bbe\u65bd\u3002&rdquo;<\/p>\n<p>\u8bb8\u591a\u653f\u5e9c\u90fd\u5bf9\u6c34\u4ef7\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u8282\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e&ldquo;\u8d1f\u9762\u8865\u8d34&rdquo;\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8c03\u8282\u5e76\u4e0d\u603b\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u5408\u7406\u7684\u7528\u6c34\u5b9a\u4ef7\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5305\u5fc5\u8fbe\u63d0\u51fa\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bbe\u60f3\uff1a\u6c34\u4ea4\u6613\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ed6\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Emissions_trading\"><span>\u78b3\u4ea4\u6613<\/span><\/a>\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u78b3\u4ea4\u6613\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u5bf9\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u6392\u653e\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u4ef7\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a&ldquo;\u9650\u989d\u4e0e\u4ea4\u6613&rdquo;\u7684\u673a\u5236\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u80fd\u6392\u653e\u591a\u5c11\u78b3\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u9650\u5ea6\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5141\u8bb8\u5176\u4e92\u76f8\u8fdb\u884c\u914d\u989d\u4ea4\u6613\u3002\u5728\u6c34\u65b9\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4f01\u4e1a\u548c\u519c\u6c11\u4eec\u90fd\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e00\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u7528\u6c34\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u8d85\u8fc7\u914d\u989d\u7684\u6c34\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u4ea4\u6613\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4ece\u5176\u5b83\u4f01\u4e1a\u6216\u8005\u519c\u6c11\u90a3\u91cc\u8d2d\u4e70\u6743\u5229\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5305\u5fc5\u8fbe\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u5ff5\u5176\u5b9e\u5e76\u4e0d\u65b0\u5947\uff0c\u65e9\u5728\u51e0\u5343\u5e74\u524d\u963f\u66fc\u7684\u6c99\u6f20\u5c45\u6c11\u4eec\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u76f8\u4e92\u8fdb\u884c\u4f9b\u6c34\u6743\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u4e86\u3002\u66f4\u8fd1\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5219\u662f\u5728\u96c0\u5de2\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6bcd\u56fd\u745e\u58eb\uff0c\u90a3\u91cc\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u5730\u533a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u519c\u6c11\u90fd\u6709\u6743\u5229\u4ece\u704c\u6e89\u6e20\u9053\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u4e00\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u6c34\uff0c\u4f9d\u636e\u6240\u79cd\u5e84\u7a3c\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c11\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u6c34\uff0c\u4ece\u90a3\u4e9b\u60f3\u8981\u591a\u7528\u6c34\u7684\u90bb\u5c45\u90a3\u91cc\u6362\u53d6\u62a5\u916c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.edf.org\/home.cfm\"><span>\u7f8e\u56fd\u73af\u4fdd\u534f\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d<\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.edf.org\/page.cfm?tagID=870\">\u5f17\u83b1\u5fb7&middot;\u514b\u864f\u4f2f<\/a>\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u72c2\u70ed\u62e5\u62a4\u8005\u3002\u4e00\u6708\u4efd\u4ed6\u5728\u8fbe\u6c83\u65af\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff1a&ldquo;\u53ea\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u5b9e\u65bd\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf8\u5982\u9650\u989d\u4e0e\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6c34\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5bf9\u5168\u7403\u53d8\u6696\u4e00\u6837\u6709\u6548\u3002&rdquo;<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u56fd\u9645\u73af\u5883\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u7814\u7a76\u6240(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iied.org\/\"><span>IIED<\/span><\/a>)\u4e3b\u4efb\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u6770\u7c73&middot;\u65af\u91d1\u7eb3\u8bf4\u6c34\u4ea4\u6613\u5b58\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u969c\u788d\u3002\u4ed6\u4e3e\u4e86\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u90a3\u91cc\u7684\u519c\u6c11\u5bf9\u6c34\u6ca1\u6709\u6240\u6709\u6743\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ea\u8981\u6c34\u6743\u6ca1\u6709\u548c\u5730\u6743\u8131\u94a9\uff0c\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u800c\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u8131\u94a9\u662f\u5f88\u5fae\u5999\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u6c34\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c&ldquo;\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u662f\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u5feb\u3002&rdquo;<\/p>\n<p>\u514b\u864f\u4f2f\u627f\u8ba4\u6c34\u4ea4\u6613\u5fc5\u987b\u514b\u670d\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u65e2\u5f97\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u963b\u788d\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u519c\u4e1a\u6e38\u8bf4\u96c6\u56e2\u3002\u51e0\u4e4e\u5728\u5168\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u519c\u4e1a\u5728\u7528\u6c34\u6743\u4e0a\u7684\u5f85\u9047\u90fd\u662f\u6700\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ed8\u7684\u6c34\u8d39\u4e5f\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u4ea7\u4e1a\u90fd\u5c11\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u539f\u56e0\u6240\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a&ldquo;\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u8981\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6c34\u4ea4\u6613\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u79cd\u5212\u7b97\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f97\u5230\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u9632\u6b62\u4e0d\u6b63\u5f53\u6536\u76ca\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u8981\u505a\u5f88\u591a\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6c34\u7684\u8f6c\u8ba9\u4e0d\u4f24\u5bb3\u519c\u6751\u793e\u533a\u3001\u4f4e\u6536\u5165\u4eba\u7fa4\u4ee5\u53ca\u73af\u5883\u3002\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6c34\u9650\u989d\u548c\u4ea4\u6613\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8fdb\u884c\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8ba1\u91cf\u548c\u6267\u884c\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002&rdquo;<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u514b\u864f\u4f2f\u575a\u79f0\uff1a&ldquo;\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u7740\u624b\u5904\u7406\u5b83\u4eec\u4e86\u3002&rdquo;<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e9b\u533a\u522b\u4f1a\u963b\u788d\u6c34\u7684\u9650\u989d\u548c\u4ea4\u6613\u4f53\u7cfb\u50cf<a 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href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/andrewheavens\/100067962\/in\/photostream\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">aheavens<\/a>\u6444<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u6765\u6e90\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/home\/uk\">https:\/\/www.ft.com\/home\/uk<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u91d1\u878d\u65f6\u62a5\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f82008\u5e74<a 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