{"id":39145,"date":"2008-12-08T06:01:00","date_gmt":"2008-12-08T06:01:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-06-22T22:49:53","modified_gmt":"2020-06-22T22:49:53","slug":"39145","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/zh\/1\/39145\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6e05\u6d01\u53d1\u5c55\u673a\u5236\u4e0d\u8db3\u53d6"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u5168\u7403\u6700\u5927\u7684\u78b3\u8865\u507f\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u5373\u300a<a href=\"https:\/\/unfccc.int\/kyoto_protocol\/items\/2830.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u4eac\u90fd\u8bae\u5b9a\u4e66<\/a>\u300b\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/unfccc.int\/kyoto_protocol\/mechanisms\/clean_development_mechanism\/items\/2718.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u6e05\u6d01\u53d1\u5c55\u673a\u5236<\/a>(<a href=\"https:\/\/unfccc.int\/kyoto_protocol\/mechanisms\/clean_development_mechanism\/items\/2718.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CDM<\/a>)\uff0c\u7531\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u8d1f\u8d23\u8fd0\u8425\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u94f6\u884c\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u5956\u52b1\u5728\u6e05\u6d01\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u6392\u653e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u4fc3\u8fdb\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5e4c\u5b50\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u673a\u5236\u6b63\u5728\u589e\u52a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greenhouse_gas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u6e29\u5ba4\u6c14\u4f53\u6392\u653e<\/a>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bef\u5165\u6b67\u9014\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u628a\u6570\u5341\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u74dc\u5206\u7ed9\u5316\u5de5\u3001\u7164\u70ad\u548c\u77f3\u6cb9\u4f01\u4e1a\u4ee5\u53ca\u7834\u574f\u6027\u6c34\u575d\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8005&mdash;&mdash;\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5176\u4e2d\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u5de5\u7a0b\uff0c\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u90fd\u4f1a\u5f97\u4ee5\u4fee\u5efa\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7f8e\u56fd\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b66\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Emissions_trading\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u78b3\u8d38\u6613<\/a>\u6743\u5a01\u5206\u6790\u4eba\u58eb<a href=\"https:\/\/pesd.stanford.edu\/people\/davidgvictor\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u5927\u536b&middot;\u7ef4\u514b\u591a<\/span><\/a>\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u6e05\u6d01\u53d1\u5c55\u673a\u5236\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5047\u5b9a&ldquo;\u51cf\u6392&rdquo;\u4fe1\u7528\u989d\uff0c\u6709\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e8c\u5e76\u672a\u771f\u6b63\u51cf\u5c11\u6c61\u67d3\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u7531\u6e05\u6d01\u53d1\u5c55\u673a\u5236\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u51cf\u6392\u901a\u5e38\u4ee3\u4ef7\u9ad8\u5f97\u60ca\u4eba\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u56fd\u9645\u57fa\u91d1\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6e05\u6d01\u53d1\u5c55\u673a\u5236\u8c8c\u4f3c\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u673a\u5236\u51cf\u6392\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8282\u7701\u6570\u5341\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e05\u6d01\u53d1\u5c55\u673a\u5236\u4fe1\u7528\u989d\u786e\u5b9e\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a&ldquo;\u51cf\u6392&rdquo;\uff0c\u4ece\u5168\u7403\u6765\u770b\u6beb\u65e0\u76ca\u5904\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8865\u507f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a&ldquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Non-zero_sum_game\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u96f6\u548c<\/a>&rdquo;\u6e38\u620f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u56fd\u77ff\u573a\u5728\u6e05\u6d01\u53d1\u5c55\u673a\u5236\u4e0b\u51cf\u5c11\u7532\u70f7\u6392\u653e\uff0c\u5bf9\u5168\u7403\u6c14\u5019\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u597d\u5904\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8d2d\u4e70\u8865\u507f\u7684\u6c61\u67d3\u8005\u907f\u5f00\u4e86\u51cf\u5c11\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u6392\u653e\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e05\u6d01\u53d1\u5c55\u673a\u5236\u4fe1\u7528\u989d\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a<a href=\"https:\/\/unfccc.int\/essential_background\/glossary\/items\/3666.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u6838\u8bc1\u51cf\u6392\u91cf<\/a>(<a href=\"https:\/\/unfccc.int\/essential_background\/glossary\/items\/3666.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CER<\/a>)\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u6709\u4e00\u5428\u7684\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u6ca1\u6709\u6392\u653e\u5230\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u3002\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u5e9c\u8d2d\u4e70\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u6838\u8bc1\u51cf\u6392\u91cf\uff0c\u5411\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c3d\u5230\u4e86\u4eac\u90fd\u8bae\u5b9a\u4e66\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684&ldquo;\u51cf&rdquo;\u6392\u4e49\u52a1\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d2d\u4e70\u6838\u8bc1\u51cf\u6392\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u9075\u5b88\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ea7\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6216\u9075\u5b88\u6b27\u76df\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/environment\/climat\/emission.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u6392\u653e\u8d38\u6613\u8ba1\u5212<\/a>(<a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/environment\/climat\/emission.htm\">ETS<\/a>)\u3002\u5206\u6790\u4eba\u58eb\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u7b7e\u7f72\u4eac\u90fd\u8bae\u5b9a\u4e66\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u51cf\u6392\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u6709\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e8c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8d2d\u4e70\u8865\u507f\u6765\u5c65\u884c\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thefreedictionary.com\/decarbonising\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u8131\u78b3<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u5bf9\u6838\u8bc1\u51cf\u6392\u91cf\u7684\u6240\u6709\u9700\u6c42\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u6765\u81ea\u6b27\u6d32\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u3002\u51e0\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u548c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6838\u8bc1\u51cf\u6392\u91cf\u8d2d\u4e70\u8005\u3002\u4ece\u66f4\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u6709\u5173\u6e05\u6d01\u53d1\u5c55\u673a\u5236\u8865\u507f\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5355\u4e00\u5e02\u573a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2012\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u300a\u4eac\u90fd\u8bae\u5b9a\u4e66\u300b\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u7ed3\u675f\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9884\u8ba1\u5927\u7ea6\u4ea7\u751f20\u4ebf\u6838\u8bc1\u51cf\u6392\u91cf\u3002\u6309\u7167\u5176\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\uff0c\u9879\u76ee\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5c06\u5728\u672a\u6765\u4e94\u5e74\u91cc\u552e\u51fa\u4ef7\u503c\u7ea6180\u4ebf\u82f1\u9551\uff08350\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff09\u7684\u6e05\u6d01\u53d1\u5c55\u673a\u5236\u4fe1\u7528\u989d\u30022008\u5e744\u670815\u65e5\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u5343\u4e2a\u6e05\u6d01\u53d1\u5c55\u673a\u5236\u9879\u76ee\u83b7\u6279\uff0c\u800c\u6b63\u5728\u62a5\u6279\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u6570\u91cf\u662f\u5df2\u83b7\u6279\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u4e24\u500d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u6838\u80fd\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u90fd\u80fd\u7533\u8bf7\u4fe1\u7528\u989d\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u65b0\u7684\u7164\u7535\u5382\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u591f\u8868\u660e\u6bd4\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u7164\u7535\u5382\u7565\u6709\u6539\u5584\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u8865\u507f\u6536\u5165\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u53e4\u5409\u62c9\u7279\u90a6\u6cbf\u6d77\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a4,000<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thefreedictionary.com\/megawatt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u5146\u74e6<\/a>\u5927\u578b\u7164\u7535\u5382\uff0c\u9884\u8ba1\u4e0d\u4e45\u5c06\u7533\u8bf7\u6838\u8bc1\u51cf\u6392\u91cf\u3002\u81f3\u5c11\u572825\u5e74\u5185\uff0c\u8be5<a href=\"https:\/\/www.planetark.org\/dailynewsstory.cfm\/newsid\/47845\/story.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u7535\u5382<\/a>\u6bcf\u5e74\u5c06\u5411\u5927\u6c14\u4e2d\u55b7\u51fa2,600\u4e07\u5428\u7684\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carbon_dioxide\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CO2<\/a>\uff09\uff0c\u5c06\u662f\u5370\u5ea6\u7b2c\u4e09\u5927&mdash;&mdash;\u4e16\u754c\u7b2c\u516d\u5927&mdash;&mdash;\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u6392\u653e\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f88\u591a\u89c2\u5bdf\u5bb6\u66fe\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u6e05\u6d01\u53d1\u5c55\u673a\u5236\u5c06\u4fc3\u8fdb\u53ef\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u63d0\u9ad8\u80fd\u6548\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u5efa\u7684\u6240\u6709\u9879\u76ee\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u76f4\u81f32012\u5e74\u7684\u6838\u8bc1\u51cf\u6392\u91cf\uff0c\u975e<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hydropower\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u6c34<\/span><\/a>\u53ef\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\u5c06\u5438\u5f15\u4ec516%\u7684\u6e05\u6d01\u53d1\u5c55\u673a\u5236\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u9700\u6c42\u65b9\u7684\u80fd\u6548\u9879\u76ee\u4ec5\u4e3a1%\u3002\u53ea\u670916\u4e2a\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u9879\u76ee&mdash;&mdash;\u4e0d\u5230\u5728\u5efa\u9879\u76ee\u76840.5%&mdash;&mdash;\u5df2\u7533\u8bf7\u6e05\u6d01\u53d1\u5c55\u673a\u5236\u7684\u6838\u51c6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u8981\u83b7\u5f97\u51fa\u552e\u8865\u507f\u989d\u7684\u8d44\u683c\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u8bc1\u660e\u5b83\u662f&ldquo;\u989d\u5916\u7684&rdquo;\uff0c&ldquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clean_Development_Mechanism\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u989d\u5916\u6027<\/a>&rdquo;\u662f\u6e05\u6d01\u53d1\u5c55\u673a\u5236\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9879\u76ee\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u90fd\u4f1a\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6e05\u6d01\u53d1\u5c55\u673a\u5236\u7684\u597d\u5904\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5176\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u8865\u507f\u989d\u5c06\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u4efb\u4f55\u6392\u653e\u91cf\u7684\u51cf\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5224\u65ad\u989d\u5916\u6027\u5374\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u77e5\u548c\u4e0d\u53ef\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u6c38\u8fdc\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u6216\u5de5\u5382\u4e3b\u4e0d\u83b7\u5f97\u8865\u507f\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8ba9\u9879\u76ee\u4e0a\u9a6c\uff0c\u6216\u8f6c\u5411\u66f4\u4e3a\u6e05\u6d01\u7684\u71c3\u6599\u4f9b\u5e94&mdash;&mdash;\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u80fd\u591f\u51fa\u552e\u8865\u507f\u989d\u7684\u5341\u5e74\u5185\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u90a3\u6837\u505a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u78b3\u987e\u95ee\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u5176\u5ba2\u6237\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u5e94\u8be5\u83b7\u5f97\u6e05\u6d01\u53d1\u5c55\u673a\u5236\u8865\u507f\u989d\u6838\u51c6\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u592a\u591a\u7684\u8c0e\u8a00\uff0c\u8db3\u4ee5\u8ba9<a href=\"https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/s\/subprime_mortgage.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u6b21\u8d37<\/a>\u63a8\u624b\u76f8\u5f62\u89c1\u7ecc\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684&ldquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thefreedictionary.com\/scam\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u9a97\u5c40<\/a>&rdquo;\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8ba9\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba1\u5212\u9879\u76ee\u672c\u8eab\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d54\u94b1\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u800c\u4e00\u65e6\u628a\u8865\u507f\u6536\u5165\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fdb\u6765\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5229\u53ef\u56fe\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u98ce\u529b\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u672a\u628a\u80fd\u591f\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u8d5a\u94b1\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cseindia.org\/programme\/geg\/cdm_faq.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u7a0e\u6536\u62b5\u514d<\/a>\uff0c\u544a\u77e5\u6e05\u6d01\u53d1\u5c55\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e1a\u5185\u4eba\u58eb\u5728\u975e\u516c\u5f00\u573a\u5408\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u5728\u6e05\u6d01\u53d1\u5c55\u673a\u5236\u9879\u76ee\u7533\u8bf7\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u6b3a\u9a97\u6027\u58f0\u660e\u662f\u5e38\u89c4\u505a\u6cd5\u3002\u78b3\u8d38\u6613\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u6e38\u8bf4\u56e2\u4f53&ldquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ieta.org\/ieta\/www\/pages\/index.php?IdSiteTree=2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u56fd\u9645\u6392\u653e\u8d38\u6613\u534f\u4f1a<\/a>(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ieta.org\/ieta\/www\/pages\/index.php?IdSiteTree=2\">IETA<\/a>),&rdquo;\u66fe\u79f0\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u7533\u8bf7\u6e05\u6d01\u53d1\u5c55\u673a\u5236\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u610f\u56fe&ldquo;\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a<a href=\"https:\/\/66.102.9.104\/search?q=cache:wfzhc9m1j1EJ:www.ieta.org\/ieta\/www\/pages\/getfile.php%3FdocID%3D1243+IETA+almost+impossible+task+prove+intent&amp;hl=en&amp;ct=clnk&amp;cd=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener 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