{"id":39237,"date":"2009-01-23T11:51:00","date_gmt":"2009-01-23T11:51:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-06-22T22:50:34","modified_gmt":"2020-06-22T22:50:34","slug":"39237","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/zh\/4\/39237\/","title":{"rendered":"\u975e\u6d32\u5927\u575d\uff1a\u5bf9\u7a77\u4eba\u7684\u4fae\u8fb1"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lesotho\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u83b1\u7d22\u6258<\/span><\/a>\u738b\u56fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c71\u5730\u5c0f\u56fd\uff0c\u56db\u5468\u88ab\u5357\u975e\u73af\u62b1\u3002\u8be5\u56fd\u6c34\u6e90\u7f3a\u4e4f\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u8fde\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u7528\u6c34\u9700\u6c42\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u6ee1\u8db3\uff0c\u65f1\u707e\u9891\u53d1\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u53e3\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u83b7\u5f97\u6e05\u6d01\u7684\u7528\u6c34\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5341\u5e74\u524d\u7adf\u7136\u6210\u4e86\u6c34\u51fa\u53e3\u56fd\u30022007\uff0c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u547c\u5401\u5bf9\u83b1\u7d22\u6258\u8fdb\u884c<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fao.org\/emergencies\/tce-appfund\/tce-appeals\/appeals\/emergency-detail0.html?uidf=1564&amp;tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=1521&amp;tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=1388&amp;cHash=a\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u7d27\u6025\u6551\u63f4<\/span><\/a>\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e3a\u5c45\u6c11\u548c\u7272\u755c\u63d0\u4f9b\u6c34\u6e90\uff0c\u4ee5\u7f13\u89e3\u65e5\u76ca\u52a0\u5267\u7684\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u5371\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u83b1\u7d22\u6258\u6210\u4e3a\u6c34\u51fa\u53e3\u56fd\uff0c\u662f\u5728<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Katse_Dam\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u5361\u9f50\u5927\u575d<\/span><\/a>\uff08\u5b83\u662f\u5de8\u5927\u7684<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lesotho_Highlands_Water_Project\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u83b1\u7d22\u6258\u9ad8\u539f\u8c03\u6c34\u5de5\u7a0b<\/span><\/a>\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff09\u5efa\u6210\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u82f1\u91cc\u957f\u7684\u5c71\u95f4\u6c34\u6e20\u5411\u5357\u975e\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u5fc3\u810f\u5730\u5e26\u9001\u6c34\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a<a href=\"https:\/\/web.worldbank.org\/external\/default\/main?menuPK=356061&amp;pagePK=141155&amp;piPK=141124&amp;theSitePK=356029\"><span>\u9879\u76ee<\/span><\/a>\u7531<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/web.worldbank.org\/WBSITE\/EXTERNAL\/EXTABOUTUS\/0,,pagePK:50004410%7EpiPK:36602%7EtheSitePK:29708,00.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u4e16\u754c\u94f6\u884c<\/span><\/a>\u53d1\u8d77\uff0c\u5176\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c34\u6e90\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5411\u7f3a\u6c34\u7684\u90bb\u56fd\u51fa\u53e3\u6c34\u6765\u8d5a\u94b1\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8131\u8d2b\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e3b\u8981\u9760\u4e16\u754c\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\u5176\u4ed6\u673a\u6784\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u51fa\u53e3\u4fe1\u8d37\u62c5\u4fdd\u7f72\uff0c<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ecgd.gov.uk\/index.htm\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>ECGD<\/span><\/a>\uff09\u4e5f\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u6295\u8d44\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5de8\u5927\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u671f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5171\u4e3a\u5176\u7b79\u8d4435\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u539f\u6765\u5411\u83b1\u7d22\u6258\u627f\u8bfa\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u6536\u76ca\u5374\u8e2a\u8ff9\u6e3a\u832b\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5df2\u7ecf\u7ed9\u8be5\u56fd\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8106\u5f31\u7684\u9ad8\u5c71\u73af\u5883\u5df2\u7ecf<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.afrol.com\/Categories\/Environment\/env036_dams_les_uga.htm\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u9000\u5316<\/span><\/a>\uff0c\u672c\u571f\u7684\u9c7c\u7c7b\u548c\u690d\u7269\u79cd\u7fa4\u8d70\u5411\u706d\u7edd\u3002\u5de5\u7a0b\u5bfc\u81f4\u9ad8\u539f\u4e0a\u81f3\u5c1127\uff0c000\u4eba\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5bb6\u56ed\u3001\u7530\u5730\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8d56\u4ee5\u4e3a\u751f\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6cb3\u6c34\u6d41\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u4e0b\u6e38\u8fd8\u670915\u4e07\u4eba\u7684\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u3001\u8015\u79cd\u548c\u6355\u9c7c\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u6765\uff0c\u6c34\u6e90\u51fa\u53e3\u7684\u6536\u5165\u5c06\u88ab\u653e\u8fdb\u4e00\u9879\u53d1\u5c55\u57fa\u91d1\uff0c\u8ba9\u5927\u5bb6&ldquo;\u5206\u4eab\u8d22\u5bcc&rdquo;\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5c31\u8fde\u57fa\u91d1\u672c\u8eab\u90fd\u88ab\u5377\u5165\u4e86<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.worldhunger.org\/articles\/04\/africa\/darroch.htm\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u653f\u6cbb<\/span><\/a>\u548c<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ipocafrica.org\/cases\/highlands\/index.htm\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u8d5e\u52a9\u8005<\/span><\/a>\u7684\u70c2\u644a\u5b50\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u57282003\u5e74\u505c\u529e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5de5\u7a0b\u5408\u540c\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u9879\u6761\u6b3e\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u51b3\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ba9\u4eba\u4eec\u56e0\u4e3a\u5de5\u7a0b\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u8d2b\u56f0\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8865\u507f\u5de5\u4f5c\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u5230\u4f4d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5931\u53bb\u7684\u751f\u8ba1\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u6062\u590d\u3002\u5931\u53bb\u5bb6\u56ed\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u8d64\u8d2b\uff0c\u5b89\u7f6e\u95ee\u9898\u5374\u60ac\u800c\u672a\u51b3\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u5927\u575d\u5efa\u8bbe\u5de5\u4eba\u5e26\u6765\u4e86<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HIV\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u827e\u6ecb\u75c5<\/span><\/a>\uff0c\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u6781\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u4fb5\u5bb3\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7531\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u65e0\u4f9d\u65e0\u9760\u7684\u5b64\u513f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&ldquo;\u4ed6\u4eec\u627f\u8bfa\u8bf4\u4f1a\u6539\u5584\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4f46\u6b63\u597d\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5c0a\u4e25\u88ab\u8df5\u8e0f\u4e86\u3002&rdquo;\u5f53\u5730\u83b1\u7d22\u6258\u6c34\u575d\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.trc.org.ls\/news_pages\/water_protest_march.htm\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>SOLD<\/span><\/a>\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u6210\u5458\u8bf4\u3002&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5927\u578b\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u9879\u76ee\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d3f\u8d42\u884c\u4e3a\u5341\u5206\u666e\u904d\u3002\u6709\u591a\u5bb6\u8457\u540d\u516c\u53f8\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u5411\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b98\u5458\u884c\u8d3f\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u6709\u5229\u7684\u5408\u540c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8d3f\u8d42<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ipocafrica.org\/content\/view\/31\/66\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u6848\u4ef6<\/span><\/a>\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6848\u5b50\u7adf\u7136\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Goliath%20Summary:_1_Samual_17\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u4ee5\u5f31\u80dc\u5f3a<\/span><\/a>\u7684\u7ed3\u679c&mdash;&mdash;\u83b1\u7d22\u6258\u6cd5\u9662<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.africafocus.org\/docs06\/les0611.php\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u88c1\u51b3<\/span><\/a>\u6570\u5bb6\u56fd\u9645\u54a8\u8be2\u548c\u5de5\u7a0b\u516c\u53f8\u53c2\u4e0e\u8d3f\u8d42\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u6d89\u5acc\u8d3f\u8d42\uff0c\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u8d5e\u52a9\u8005\u4eec\u7adf\u663e\u5f97\u6df1\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7136\u3002[2008\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4e25\u91cd\u6b3a\u8bc8\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u505c\u6b62\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e00\u6240\u82f1\u56fd\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u83b1\u7d22\u6258\u6d89\u5acc\u8150\u8d25\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u3002]<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u975e\u6d32\u7684<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dams.org\/report\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u5927\u575d<\/span><\/a>\u5efa\u8bbe\u53f2\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u60b2\u5267\u3002<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dams.org\/kbase\/consultations\/afrme\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u8bb8\u591a\u5927\u575d<\/span><\/a>\u90fd\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u503a\u52a1\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0d\u516c\u548c\u666e\u904d\u7684\u73af\u5883\u9000\u5316\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u5265\u593a\u4e86\u5c0f\u578b\u5f00\u53d1\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9879\u76ee\u662f\u66f4\u52a0\u9002\u5b9c\u7684\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u5f88\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u90fd\u5728\u8ba1\u5212\u4fee\u5efa\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5927\u578b\u6c34\u575d\uff0c\u5728\u80cc\u540e\u652f\u6301\u7684\u6709\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u8d5e\u52a9\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u3001\u5df4\u897f\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5907\u53d7\u4e89\u8bae\u7684<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.internationalrivers.org\/en\/africa\/bujagali-dam-uganda\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u5e03\u52a0\u54e5\u5229\u5927\u575d<\/span><\/a>\u4f4d\u4e8e<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Uganda\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u4e4c\u5e72\u8fbe<\/span><\/a>\u5883\u5185\u7684<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nile\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u5c3c\u7f57\u6cb3<\/span><\/a>\u4e0a\uff0c\u575d\u5740\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u98ce\u666f\u79c0\u4e3d\u7684\u7011\u5e03\u3002\u8fd9\u5ea7\u6b63\u5728\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u575d\u6295\u8d448\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ec4\u7ec7&mdash;&mdash;\u56fd\u9645\u91d1\u878d\u516c\u53f8(<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ifc.org\/about\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>IFC<\/span><\/a>)\u4ee5\u53ca\u6b27\u6d32\u6295\u8d44\u94f6\u884c(<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.eib.org\/about\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>EIB<\/span><\/a>)\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u5bf9\u6fd2\u5371\u9c7c\u7c7b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f53\u5730\u793e\u533a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5927\u575d\u7684\u6279\u5224\u8005\u4eec\u8fd8\u8d28\u7591\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u63d0\u4f9b\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u4e70\u5f97\u8d77\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\u3002&ldquo;\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u9ad8\u6210\u672c\u5c06\u4f7f\u5f97\u519c\u6751\u7684\u7528\u7535\u8d44\u91d1\u66f4\u52a0\u6349\u895f\u89c1\u8098\u3002&rdquo;\u5f17\u5170\u514b&middot;\u7a46\u62c9\u59c6\u9f50\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u5168\u56fd\u4e13\u4e1a\u73af\u4fdd\u8bba\u8005\u8054\u5408\u4f1a(<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.naep.org\/AM\/Template.cfm?Section=About_NAEP\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>NAPE<\/span><\/a>)\u7684\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\uff0c\u8be5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8bbe\u5728\u4e4c\u5e72\u8fbe\u9996\u90fd<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kampala\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u574e\u5e15\u62c9<\/a>\u3002&ldquo;\u4e4c\u5e72\u8fbe\u7684\u7535\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u672c\u5730\u533a\u6700\u8d35\u7684\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd1\u6765\u7535\u8d39\u53c8\u6da8\u4e86\u4e00\u500d\u8fd8\u591a\u3002\u4f9b\u7535\u5e02\u573a\u672c\u6765\u5c31\u5f88\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0b\u7528\u7535\u7684\u4eba\u5c31\u66f4\u5c11\u4e86\u3002&rdquo;<\/p>\n<p>\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Global_warming\"><span>\u5168\u7403\u53d8\u6696<\/span><\/a>\u5c06\u51cf\u5c11<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lake_Victoria\"><span>\u7ef4\u591a\u5229\u4e9a\u6e56<\/span><\/a>\u7684\u6d41\u51fa\u6c34\u91cf\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u5e03\u52a0\u54e5\u5229\u5927\u575d\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hydroelectricity\"><span>\u6c34\u529b\u53d1\u7535<\/span><\/a>\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u4f4e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u83ab\u6851\u6bd4\u514b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u5df4\u897f\u53ef\u80fd\u8054\u5408\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zambezi\"><span>\u8d5e\u6bd4\u897f\u6cb3<\/span><\/a>\u4e0a\u4fee\u5efa\u4e00\u5ea7<a 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href=\"https:\/\/www.environmentaldefense.org\/page.cfm?tagID=932\"><span>\u79d1\u5229\u5a1c&middot;\u970d\u5854<\/span><\/a>\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u975e\u8425\u5229\u7ec4\u7ec7&ldquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.environmentaldefense.org\/home.cfm\"><span>\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u536b<\/span><\/a>&rdquo;\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\uff1b<a href=\"https:\/\/www.internationalrivers.org\/en\/staff\/\"><span>\u6d1b\u4e3d&middot;\u6ce2\u5ef7\u683c<\/span><\/a>\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.internationalrivers.org\/\"><span>\u56fd\u9645\u6cb3\u6d41<\/span><\/a>\u6d3b\u52a8\u56e2\u4f53\u975e\u6d32\u9879\u76ee\u7ecf\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u9875\u56fe\u7247<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/bergie\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">henribergieus<\/a>\u6444<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/bergie\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><br \/>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u6765\u6e90\uff1a<a 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