{"id":39480,"date":"2009-04-27T07:07:00","date_gmt":"2009-04-27T07:07:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-06-22T22:52:07","modified_gmt":"2020-06-22T22:52:07","slug":"39480","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/zh\/4\/39480\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5317\u6781\u57ce\u9547\u9762\u4e34\u6d88\u4ea1"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u8352\u5e9f\u7684\u516c\u5bd3\u697c\u5916\u9762\u7ed3\u6ee1\u4e86\u539a\u539a\u7684\u51b0\u96ea\uff0c\u7a97\u6237\u88ab\u82d4\u539f\u5e26\u7684\u4e25\u5bd2\u51bb\u5f97\u652f\u79bb\u7834\u788e\uff0c\u7a7a\u8361\u8361\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u4eff\u4f5b\u53f2\u524d\u5931\u843d\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u8352\u5c71\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c31\u662f\u7ea6\u4e66\u5c14\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e2a\u514b\u91cc\u59c6\u6797\u5bab\u575a\u4fe1\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u548c\u5de5\u4e1a\u4f1a\u6218\u80dc\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7ea6\u4e66\u5c14\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u6781\u5317\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u6df1\u5165<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%9E%81%E5%9C%88&amp;variant=zh-cn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener 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href=\"https:\/\/www.guardian.co.uk\/world\/2007\/aug\/02\/russia.arctic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u63d2\u4e0b\u4e00\u9762\u949b\u5236\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4e09\u8272\u65d7<\/span><\/a>\uff0c\u5ba3\u5e03\u8fd9\u91cc\u8574\u85cf\u7684\u5343\u767e\u4e07\u5428\u78b3\u6c22\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5f52\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u6240\u6709\u30022008\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u603b\u7edf<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dmitry_Medvedev\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u6885\u5fb7\u97e6\u6770\u592b<\/span><\/a>\u58f0\u79f0\u5317\u6781\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a&ldquo;\u6218\u7565&rdquo;\u533a\u57df\uff0c&ldquo;\u5fc5\u987b\u5c06\u5176\u5efa\u8bbe\u6210<a href=\"https:\/\/seattletimes.nwsource.com\/html\/nationworld\/2008187217_russia18.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af21\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u57fa\u5730<\/span><\/a>&rdquo;\u30022009\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u653f\u5e9c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.spiegel.de\/international\/world\/0,1518,604338,00.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u6218\u7565\u6587\u4ef6\u8b66\u544a<\/span><\/a>\u8bf4\uff0c\u672a\u6765\u7ade\u4e89\u56fd\u5bb6\u56f4\u7ed5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u6e90\u5c06\u5c55\u5f00\u4e89\u593a\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5c06\u5347\u7ea7\u4e3a\u6218\u4e89\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u5c31\u5728\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u7684\u5b98\u50da\u4eec\u96c4\u5fc3\u52c3\u52c3\u53eb\u558a\u5728\u5317\u6781\u5f00\u53d1\u79bb\u5cb8\u6c14\u7530\u3001\u4fee\u5efa\u65b0\u77f3\u6cb9\u7ba1\u7ebf\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5317\u65b9\u6b63\u5728\u8d70\u5411\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u5e74\u90fd\u6709\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u7684\u6781\u5317\u5c45\u6c11\u9003\u5f80\u6c14\u5019\u66f4\u6e29\u6696\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u6751\u9547\u88ab\u6574\u4f53\u629b\u5f03\u30021989\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%E6%91%A9%E7%88%BE%E6%9B%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B&amp;variant=zh-cn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u6469\u5c14\u66fc\u65af\u514b<\/span><\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%E8%AF%BA%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B&amp;variant=zh-cn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u8bfa\u91cc\u5c14\u65af\u514b<\/span><\/a>\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%94%E5%BA%93%E5%A1%94&amp;variant=zh-cn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u6c83\u5c14\u5e93\u5854<\/span><\/a>\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u5927\uff08\u4e5f\u662f\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u6700\u5927\uff09\u7684\u5317\u6781\u5708\u5185\u57ce\u9547\uff0c\u7d2f\u8ba1\u5df2\u7ecf\u6d41\u5931\u4e86\u8fd1\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u5c45\u6c11\u3002<br \/>\n\u76f4\u5230\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u5c45\u6c11\u5916\u6d41\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u6c83\u5c14\u5e93\u5854\uff08\u79bb\u7ea6\u4e66\u5c14\u51e0\u516c\u91cc\u8fdc\u7684\u91c7\u7164\u57ce\u9547\uff0c\u66fe\u4f5c\u4e3a<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%E5%8B%9E%E6%94%B9%E7%87%9F&amp;variant=zh-cn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u52b3\u6539\u8425<\/span><\/a>\uff09\u7b49\u5730\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7269\u4ef7\u9ad8\u817e\uff0c\u6050\u6015\u65b0\u7684\u5916\u6d41\u8fd8\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6c83\u5c14\u5e93\u5854\u7684\u7164\u77ff\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4ebf\u4e07\u5bcc\u7fc1<a href=\"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/lists\/2008\/10\/billionaires08_Alexei-Mordashov_QW68.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u963f\u5217\u514b\u8c22&middot;\u83ab\u5c14\u8fbe\u7d22\u592b<\/span><\/a>\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Severstal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u8c22\u97e6\u5c14<\/span><\/a>\u94a2\u94c1\u516c\u53f8\u662f\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u6700\u5927\u7684\u94a2\u94c1\u5236\u9020\u5546\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u7164\u77ff\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u94a2\u5382\u63d0\u4f9b\u71c3\u6599\uff0c\u7136\u800c2008\u5e74\u7b2c\u56db\u5b63\u5ea6\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u4ea7\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u4e00\u534a\uff0c\u8feb\u4f7f<a href=\"https:\/\/investing.businessweek.com\/research\/stocks\/private\/snapshot.asp?privcapId=20995708\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u6c83\u5c14\u5e93\u5854\u7164\u77ff<\/span><\/a>\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u964d\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u5e76\u89e3\u96c7\u5de5\u4eba\u3002&ldquo;\u8fc4\u4eca\u6211\u4eec13000\u540d\u5de5\u4eba\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709300\u4eba\u88ab\u89e3\u96c7\uff0c&rdquo;\u7164\u77ff\u53d1\u8a00\u4eba\u8fea\u7c73\u7279\u91cc&middot;\u6ce2\u4e9a\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4e5f\u627f\u8ba4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8870\u9000\u7684\u540e\u679c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u4e25\u91cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6c83\u5c14\u5e93\u5854\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u5e76\u4e0d\u597d\u8fc7\u3002\u4e00\u4e8c\u4e24\u4e2a\u6708\uff0c\u592a\u9633\u6bcf\u5929\u53ea\u4f1a\u4f4e\u4f4e\u5730\u5728\u5730\u5e73\u7ebf\u4e0a\u6577\u884d\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u590f\u5929\uff0c\u906e\u5929\u853d\u65e5\u7684\u868a\u866b\u7b3c\u7f69\u5728\u6cbc\u6cfd\u5730\u4e0a\u7a7a\uff0c\u6bcf\u53ea\u90fd\u6709\u5927\u62c7\u6307\u7532\u90a3\u4e48\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u7164\u77ff\u53d1\u73b0\u4e8e20\u4e16\u7eaa20\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4ece1934\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6765\u81ea<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94&amp;variant=zh-cn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u82cf\u8054(USSR)<\/span><\/a>\u5404\u5730\u7684\u56da\u72af\u88ab\u6e90\u6e90\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u53d1\u914d\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u5de5\u5382\u91cc\u670d\u5f79\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f4f\u5728\u6728\u5934\u642d\u5efa\u7684\u8425\u623f\u91cc\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u9760\u624b\u5728\u575a\u786c\u7684\u571f\u5730\u4e0a\u6316\u5730\u7a74\u5c45\u4f4f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1953\u5e74<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E6%9E%97&amp;variant=zh-cn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u65af\u5927\u6797<\/span><\/a>\u6b7b\u540e\uff0c\u5e78\u5b58\u7684\u56da\u72af\u4eec\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u53d6\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u7684\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u6e29\u6696\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u662f\u4e30\u539a\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u548c\u63d0\u524d\u9000\u4f11\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u4eba\u7c7b\u5c45\u4f4f\uff0c\u4f46\u82cf\u8054\u4eba\u786c\u662f\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/nsidc.org\/arcticmet\/glossary\/permafrost.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener 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href=\"https:\/\/www.guardian.co.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">www.guardian.co.uk<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u536b\u62a5\u65b0\u95fb\u4f20\u5a92\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f82009\u5e74\u7248\u6743\u6240\u6709<\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u9875\u56fe\u7247\u7531<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/vnd-vorkuta.h11.ru\/\" rel=\"noopener 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