{"id":39719,"date":"2009-07-28T06:02:00","date_gmt":"2009-07-28T06:02:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-06-22T22:53:27","modified_gmt":"2020-06-22T22:53:27","slug":"39719","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/zh\/4\/39719\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4e1b\u6797\u4e2d\u7684\u8f70\u9e23\u58f0"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u9ece\u660e\u524d\uff0c\u5f53\u4f60\u7ad9\u5728\u79d1\u5e15\u5c14\u4e4c\u5c14\u79d1\u6ce5\u6cde\u7684\u5cb8\u8fb9\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u4f1a\u660e\u767d\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%25E4%25BA%259A%25E9%25A9%25AC%25E5%25AD%2599%25E6%25B2%25B3&amp;variant=zh-cn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a\u6cb3<\/a>\u5b55 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noreferrer\">\u57fa\u74e6\u65cf<\/a>\u519c\u6237\u548c\u6e14\u6c11\u3002\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u548c\u58eb\u5175\u987a\u6d41\u800c\u4e0a\u627e\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u66fe\u7ecf\u4e00\u5ea6\u4e0e\u4e16\u9694\u7edd\u3002\u636e\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u59cb\u90e8\u843d\u4ecd\u7136\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u5bc6\u6797\u7684\u6df1\u5904\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5728\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u6a61\u80f6\u70ed\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u636e\u8bf4\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u539f\u59cb\u90e8\u843d\u66fe\u4e0e\u5916\u754c\u6709\u8fc7\u77ed\u6682\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u5bb3\u6015\u8fd8\u662f\u754f\u60e7\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6700\u7ec8\u8fd8\u662f\u9000\u7f29\u4e86\u3002\u636e\u5e74\u4ec538\u5c81\u7684\u9547\u957f\u7f57\u6770&middot;\u5c24\u59c6\u8bf4\uff0c\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00 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href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%25E9%2598%25BF%25E5%2585%25B0%25C2%25B7%25E5%258A%25A0%25E8%25A5%25BF%25E4%25BA%259A&amp;variant=zh-cn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u963f\u5170&middot;\u52a0\u897f\u4e9a<\/a>\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c&ldquo;\u4e1b\u6797\u4e2d\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11&rdquo;\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u7528\u6765\u963b\u6b62\u77f3\u6cb9\u5f00\u91c7\u7684\u4f0e\u4fe9\u7f62\u4e86\u3002\u79d8\u9c81\u56fd\u5bb6\u77f3\u6cb9\u516c\u53f8\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/mirror.perupetro.com.pe\/empresa01-e.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u79d8\u9c81\u77f3\u6cb9<\/a>\u7684\u524d\u8463\u4e8b\u957f\u4e39\u5c3c\u5c14&bull;\u8428\u74e6\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bf4\u6cd5\u5219\u66f4\u52a0\u4e0d\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7136\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a&ldquo;\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u770b\u5230\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u59cb\u90e8\u843d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u90e8\u843d\u662f\u5f88\u8352\u8c2c\u7684\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u59cb\u90e8\u843d\u7a76\u7adf\u5728\u54ea\u513f\uff1f&rdquo; 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href=\"https:\/\/www.nicholas.duke.edu\/people\/faculty\/pimm\/publications\/pimmreprints\/220%20Finer%20et%20al.%20PLOS.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u6cb9\u6c14\u9879\u76ee\u7814\u7a76<\/a>\u3002\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u8005<a href=\"https:\/\/www.time.com\/time\/health\/article\/0,8599,1833379,00.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u9a6c\u7279&middot;\u82ac\u7eb3<\/a>\u8ba4\u4e3a&ldquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peruvian_Amazon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u79d8\u9c81\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a\u5730\u533a<\/a>&rdquo;\u76ee\u524d\u6b63\u88ab\u4e00\u6ce2\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u77f3\u6cb9\u5929\u7136\u6c14\u5f00\u53d1\u70ed\u6f6e\u6240\u5e2d\u5377\u3002 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href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%25E5%25BE%2581%25E6%259C%258D%25E8%2580%2585&amp;variant=zh-cn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u5f81\u670d\u8005<\/a>\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6d41\u611f\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u5b83\u75be\u75c5\u66fe\u7ecf\u5e26\u8d70\u4e86\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u547d\u3002\u800c\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e00\u4e9b\u8fdb\u5165\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0e\u4e16\u9694\u7edd\u5730\u533a\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\u4f10\u6728\u5de5\u3001\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u8bb0\u8005\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u7ed9\u5f53\u5730\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u540e\u679c\u3002\u636e\u62a5\u9053\uff0c19\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5f53\u77f3\u6cb9\u5de5\u4eba\u8fdb\u5165<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nahua_peoples\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u90a3\u534e\u65cf<\/a>\u7684\u9886\u5730\u540e\uff0c\u6709\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u90e8\u843d\u4eba\u53e3\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u5021\u5bfc\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.survival-international.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u56fd\u9645\u751f\u5b58<\/a>\u7684\u65af\u8482\u82ac&middot;\u67ef\u745e\u8868\u793a\uff1a&ldquo;\u5982\u679c\u516c\u53f8\u8fdb\u5165\u8fd9\u4e9b\u66fe\u7ecf\u4e0e\u4e16\u9694\u7edd\u7684\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u5c31\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5168\u90e8\u706d\u4ea1\u3002\u5230\u90a3\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u771f\u7684\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e86\u3002&rdquo; <\/p>\n<p>\u751a\u81f3\u77f3\u6cb9\u516c\u53f8\u4e5f\u627f\u8ba4\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u5bf9\u539f\u59cb\u90e8\u843d\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u7136\u800c\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff1a\u5230\u5e95\u4f1a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u4f1a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u7981\u6b62\u6216\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u4e25\u683c\u5730\u9650\u5236\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f00\u91c7\u884c \u4e3a\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u79d8\u9c81\u671f\u671b\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u77f3\u6cb9\u51c0\u8f93\u51fa\u56fd\u7684\u613f\u671b\u5c31\u8981\u5316\u4e3a\u6ce1\u5f71\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u613f\u671b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u77402\u53438\u767e\u4e07\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u8d2b\u56f0\u56fd\u5bb6\u800c\u8a00\u662f\u4e00\u7b14\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u8d22\u5bcc\u3002\u800c\u793e\u4f1a\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6 \u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4fdd\u62a4\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u591a\u6837\u6027\u6240\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u5c0f\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\u800c\u5df2\u3002 <\/p>\n<p>\u800c\u8fd9\u4e00\u751f\u6b7b\u6218\u573a\u7684\u6700\u524d\u6cbf\u5c31\u662f\u7b2c67\u53f7\u5730\u5757\u3002\u8be5\u5730\u5757\u662f\u4f4d\u4e8e\u79d8\u9c81\u4e1c\u5317\u90e8\u9a6c\u814a\u5c3c\u7fc1\u76c6\u5730\u7684\u4e00\u7247\u4e1b\u6797\uff0c\u7531\u5e15\u4f0a\u5f7b\u3001\u591a\u62c9\u591a\u3001\u53ca\u76ae\u62c9\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4e09\u4e2a\u6cb9\u7530\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u636e\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u8be5\u5730\u5757\u77f3\u6cb9\u50a8\u91cf\u8fbe3\u4ebf\u6876\u5de6\u53f3\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5730\u533a\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u4ece\u5730\u7406\u89d2\u5ea6\u8fd8\u662f\u5546\u4e1a\u89d2\u5ea6\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u610f\u5916\u7684\u5b9d\u85cf\u3002\u82f1\u6cd5\u77f3\u6cb9\u516c\u53f8\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.perenco.com\/home.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u4f69\u6717\u79d1<\/a>\uff0c \u62e5\u6709\u8fd9\u4e00\u5730\u5757\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u5f00\u53d1\u6743\u3002\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u8ba1\u5212\u6295\u8d4420\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb10\u5ea7\u94bb\u4e95\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca100\u4e2a\u6cb9\u4e95\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u79d8\u9c81\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u6295\u8d44\u3002\u539f\u6cb9\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7\u8239\u8fd0\u53ca\u7ba1\u9053\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fd0\u81f3 1000\u516c\u91cc\u5916\u7684\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u6cbf\u5cb8\u5730\u533a\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u5730\u9707\u6ce2\u8bd5\u9a8c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u8bbe\u5907\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6210\u5b89\u88c5\uff0c\u6cb9\u8239\u5df2\u7ecf\u5c31\u4f4d\uff0c\u5c31\u7b49\u5f85\u7740\u7b2c\u4e00\u6876\u77f3\u6cb9\u88ab\u5f00\u91c7\u51fa\u6765\u3002 <\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u79d1\u5e15\u5c14\u4e4c\u5c14\u79d1\u7b49\u5730\u5b9a\u5c45\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u571f\u8457\u90e8\u843d\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd9\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u5ba3\u5e03\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec&ldquo;\u85cf\u8eab\u4e8e\u5bc6\u6797\u4e2d\u7684\u5144\u5f1f&rdquo;\u7684\u6b7b\u5211\u3002\u636e\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u4f69\u6717\u79d1\u6240\u5360\u636e\u7684\u5730\u533a\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u539f\u59cb\u90e8\u843d\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f&ldquo;\u5e15\u62c9\u5974\u7956\u91cc&rdquo;\u3001&ldquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taromenane\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u5854\u7f57\u9a6c\u62c9\u5c3c<\/a>&rdquo;\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca&ldquo;\u5854\u62c9\u8212\u9a6c\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a&rdquo;\u3002\u636e\u79d8\u9c81\u571f\u8457\u4fdd\u62a4\u56e2\u4f53\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.coica.org.ec\/ingles\/members\/aidesep.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u79d8\u9c81\u8de8\u65cf\u7fa4\u4e1b\u6797\u53d1\u5c55\u534f\u4f1a<\/a>\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u90e8\u843d\u7684\u603b\u4eba\u53e3\u4e3a100\u4eba\u3002\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Napo_River\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u7eb3\u6ce2\u6cb3<\/a>\u6cbf\u5cb8\u4e00\u76f4\u6d41\u4f20\u7740\u76ee\u51fb\u8fd9\u4e9b\u571f\u8457\u90e8\u843d\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u636e22\u5c81\u7684\u4e39\u5c3c\u65af&middot;\u90a3\u63d0\u666e\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u53d4\u53d4\u66fe\u57282004\u5e74\u9047\u5230\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u571f\u8457\u90e8\u843d\u3002\u636e\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a&ldquo;\u6211\u7684\u53d4\u53d4\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f10\u6728\u4eba\u4e00\u8d77\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u5bc6\u6797\u7684\u6df1\u5904\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6b63\u5728\u6cb3\u91cc\u6d17\u6fa1\uff0c\u7a81\u7136\u770b\u5230\u6709\u4eba\u5728\u76ef\u7740\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u628a\u6811\u53f6\u7528\u7ef3\u5b50\u4e32\u8d77\u6765\u7136\u540e\u906e\u6321\u4f4f\u4e0b\u8eab\u3002&rdquo;\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5165\u4fb5\u8005\u867d\u7136\u6beb\u53d1\u65e0\u4f24\u5730\u79bb\u5f00\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f10\u6728\u4eba\u518d\u4e5f\u4e0d \u6562\u524d\u5f80\u90a3\u7247\u68ee\u6797\u4e86\u3002 <\/p>\n<p>\u4f69\u6717\u79d1\u4e0e\u79d8\u9c81\u653f\u5e9c\u5f02\u53e3\u540c\u58f0\u5730\u5ba3\u79f0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bf4\u6cd5\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u8c23\u4f20\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u8bd5\u56fe\u963b\u6320\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u56e2\u4f53\u6240\u6563\u5e03\u7684\u4e0d\u5b9e\u4e4b\u8bcd\u3002\u4f69\u6717\u79d1\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u533a\u57df\u7ecf\u7406\u7f57\u5409\u5965&middot;\u9a6c\u594e\u65af\u58f0\u79f0\uff1a&ldquo;\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f20\u8a00\u5c31\u50cf<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%25E5%25B0%25BC%25E6%2596%25AF%25E6%25B9%2596%25E6%25B0%25B4%25E6%2580%25AA&amp;variant=zh-cn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u5c3c\u65af\u6e56\u6c34\u602a<\/a>\u7684\u4f20\u8bf4\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4f17\u8bf4\u7eb7\u7ead\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u5730\u533a\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u539f\u59cb\u90e8\u843d\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8be6\u5c3d\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u4e25\u8083\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8bc1\u636e\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5730\u533a\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u539f\u59cb\u90e8\u843d\u3002&rdquo; <\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u961f\u7531\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u6797\u4e1a\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u56e2\u5bf967\u53f7\u5730\u5757\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7f1c\u5bc6\u7684\u641c\u67e5\uff0c\u5bfb\u627e\u8db3\u8ff9\u3001\u5c45\u4f4f\u75d5\u8ff9\u3001\u77db\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u6355\u730e\u9677 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<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u4f1a\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5bfb\u627e\u539f\u59cb\u90e8\u843d\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u73af\u73af\u76f8\u6263\u7684\u4fa6\u63a2\u6545\u4e8b\u4e00\u6837\u3002 <\/p>\n<p>\u95f7\u70ed\u800c\u6f6e\u6e7f\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%25E4%25BC%258A%25E5%259F%25BA%25E6%2589%2598%25E6%2596%25AF&amp;variant=zh-cn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u4f0a\u57fa\u6258\u65af<\/a>\u662f\u6a61\u80f6\u70ed\u4e2d\u8fc5\u901f\u6210\u957f\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u3002\u636e\u79f0\uff0c\u8fd9\u5ea7\u57ce\u5e02\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ecd\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u901a\u516c\u8def\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u3002\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%25E4%25BA%259A%25E9%25A9%25AC%25E9%2580%258A%25E6%25B2%25B3&amp;variant=zh-cn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a\u6cb3<\/a>\u8fb9\u5230\u5904\u90fd\u662f\u7199\u7199\u6518\u6518\u7684\u77f3\u6cb9\u5de5\u4eba\u3001\u80cc\u5305\u5ba2\u3001\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u3001\u5546\u4eba\u3001\u548c\u5993\u5973\u3002\u7801\u5934\u65c1\uff0c\u9a6c\u745e\u5a1c\u5927\u8857\u4e0a\u6709\u4e00\u95f4\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\uff0c\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u4e0a\u5370\u7740&ldquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.daimiperu.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Daimi<\/a>&rdquo; \u51e0\u4e2a\u5b57\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f69\u8679\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u95f4\u4e13\u95e8\u9488\u5bf9\u77f3\u6cb9\u516c\u53f8\u8fdb\u884c\u73af\u5883\u5f71\u54cd\u8bc4\u4f30\uff08EIAs\uff09\u7684\u54a8\u8be2\u673a\u6784\u3002\u800c\u60f3\u8981\u83b7\u5f97\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u77f3\u6cb9\u52d8\u63a2\u548c\u5f00\u91c7\u7684\u6388\u6743\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8fd9\u9879\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u673a\u6784\u4e3b\u5bb0\u7740\u77f3\u6cb9\u5f00\u91c7\u7533\u8bf7\u7684\u751f\u6740\u5927\u6743\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u8d1f\u8d23\u5236\u8ba2\u76d1\u7763\u77f3\u6cb9\u516c\u53f8\u8fd0\u8425\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6cd5\u89c4\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u4f69\u6717\u79d1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7531\u6765\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u673a\u6784\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5df2\u7ecf\u5bf9 8\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u963f\u6839\u5ef7\u7684Pluspetrol\u77f3\u6cb9\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u5df4\u897f\u77f3\u6cb9\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4ea8\u7279\u77f3\u6cb9\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7684\u83b1\u666e\u7d22\u5c14\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iibrand.com\/brand\/data\/IIBRAND_BRANDCR122197739909210920081582.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u7f8e\u56fd\u897f\u65b9\u77f3\u6cb9\u516c\u53f8<\/a>\u7b49\u3002 <\/p>\n<p>\u77f3\u6cb9\u516c\u53f8\u4ed8\u94b1\u7ed9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73af\u5883\u5f71\u54cd\u8bc4\u4f30\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u5f3a\u8c03\u8fd9\u4e9b\u62a5\u544a\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u548c\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u6765\u81ea\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u5374\u4e00\u76f4\u5426\u8ba4\u8fd9\u70b9\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e00\u76f4\u6ca1 \u6709\u5b9a\u8bba\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u6784\u4e2d\u5728\u5927\u5b66\u517c\u804c\u7684\u79d1\u7814\u4eba\u5458\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u4f9d\u9760\u5728\u73af\u5883\u5f71\u54cd\u8bc4\u4f30\u673a\u6784\u7684\u6536\u5165\u6765\u8d34\u8865\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fae\u8584\u7684\u85aa\u6c34\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8c03\u67e5\u53d8\u5f97\u5c24\u4e3a\u56f0\u96be\u3002 <\/p>\n<p>\u91c7\u8bbf\u6bd4\u5e0c\u5c3c\u5a05&middot;\u8499\u6258\u4e9a\u65f6\uff0c\u5979\u6b63\u5750\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u91cc\uff0c\u684c\u5b50\u4e0a\u5806\u6ee1\u4e86\u5730\u56fe\u548c\u4e66\u7c4d\u3002\u5f53\u95ee\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u5979\u4e0d\u77e5\u5982\u4f55\u56de\u7b54\uff0c\u6c89\u9ed8\u4e86\u51e0\u5206\u949f\u3002\u6bd4\u5e0c\u5c3c\u5a05&middot;\u8499\u6258\u4e9a\u662f\u79d8\u9c81\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a\u5730\u533a\u7814\u7a76\u6240(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iiap.org.pe\/IIAPinfoen.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">IIAP<\/a>) \u7684\u4e3b\u4efb\u3001\u9ad8\u7ea7\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5987\u5973\u6743\u5229\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5979\u8fd8\u662f\u8fd9\u4efd\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u987e\u95ee\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5979\u662f\u5426\u8ba4\u4e3a\u572867\u53f7\u5730\u5757\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u539f\u59cb\u90e8\u843d\u5462\uff1f\u8499\u6258\u4e9a\u6709\u4e9b\u72b9\u8c6b\u4e0d\u5b9a\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u51b3\u5b9a\u5f00\u53e3\u3002&ldquo;\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\u6709\u539f\u59cb\u90e8\u843d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002&rdquo;\u5728\u53c8\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u72b9\u8c6b\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5979\u8bf4\uff1a&ldquo;\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u6211\u5fc3\u4e2d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u90a3\u91cc\u6709\u539f\u59cb\u90e8\u843d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002&rdquo;\u5979\u8bf4\u5979\u638c\u63e1\u7740\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c \u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u539f\u59cb\u90e8\u843d\u8d70\u8fc7\u540e\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u75d5\u8ff9\u3002&ldquo;\u5f53\u6211\u770b\u5230\u6700\u7ec8\u62a5\u544a\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u611f\u5230\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u5b89\u3002\u8fd9\u4efd\u62a5\u544a\u6ca1\u6709\u6492\u8c0e\u3002\u4ece\u6280\u672f\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u8bb2\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u63aa\u8f9e\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u9519\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709\u53cd\u6620\u6211\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002&rdquo; <\/p>\n<p>\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%25E4%25BC%258A%25E5%259F%25BA%25E6%2589%2598%25E6%2596%25AF&amp;variant=zh-cn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u4f0a\u57fa\u6258\u65af<\/a>\u5e02\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u8fb9\uff0c\u6cbf\u7740\u4e00\u6761\u4e24\u65c1\u5efa\u6ee1\u4e94\u989c\u516d\u8272\u7684\u623f\u5b50\u7684\u98a0\u7c38\u5c0f\u8def\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u7279\u675c\u91cc\u5965&middot;\u683c\u5170\u5fb7\u65af\u3002\u5728\u95ee\u5230\u540c\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u505c\u987f\u4e86\u5f88\u4e45\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u79d8\u9c81\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a\u56fd\u7acb\u5927\u5b66(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.unapiquitos.edu.pe\/principal.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UNAP<\/a>)\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u8fd9\u4efdDaimi\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u8005\u3002\u5f53\u4ed6\u8e0c\u8e87\u7740\u4e0d\u77e5\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u5899\u4e0a\u6302\u7740\u7684\u5207&middot;\u683c\u74e6\u62c9\u7684\u753b\u50cf\u6b63\u5c45\u9ad8\u4e34\u4e0b\u5730\u4fef\u89c6\u7740\u4ed6\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u4ed6\u6df1\u5438\u4e86\u4e00\u53e3\u6c14\uff0c\u8bf4\u9053\uff1a&ldquo;\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u91cc\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c45\u65e0\u5b9a\u6240\u7684\u90e8\u843d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\u6709\u539f\u59cb\u90e8\u843d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002&rdquo; <\/p>\n<p>\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%25E4%25BC%258A%25E5%259F%25BA%25E6%2589%2598%25E6%2596%25AF&amp;variant=zh-cn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u4f0a\u57fa\u6258\u65af<\/a>\u5e02\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u7aef\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u542c\u5230\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u58f0\u97f3\u3002\u6797\u4e1a\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u91cc\u8bfa&middot;\u8bfa\u5217\u52a0\u66fe\u7ecf8\u6b21\u53c2\u4e0e67\u53f7\u5730\u5757\u7684\u5730\u9707\u6ce2\u5f71\u54cd\u8c03\u67e5\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5229\u7528\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u7206\u70b8\u6e05\u7406\u51fa\u4e00\u7247\u7247\u6797\u5e26\uff0c \u7136\u540e\u5bf9\u571f\u58e4\u8fdb\u884c\u63a2\u6d4b\u3002\uff08\u800c\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u5408\u540c\u4e89\u8bae\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86Daimi\u3002\uff09\u636e\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a&ldquo;\u4ed6\u4eec\u58f0\u79f0\u90a3\u91cc\u6ca1\u6709\u539f\u59cb\u90e8\u843d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u90a3\u91cc\u5374\u6709\u811a\u5370\u548c\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u75d5\u8ff9\u3002&rdquo; <\/p>\n<p>\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e09\u4efd\u8bc1\u8a00\u90fd\u7f3a\u4e4f\u786e\u51ff\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5404\u79cd\u6307\u63a7\u90fd\u6307\u5411Daimi\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5374\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u6765\u5bf9\u6b64\u52a0\u4ee5\u56de\u5e94\u3002\u4f69\u6717\u79d1\u7684\u533a\u57df\u7ecf\u7406\u9a6c\u594e\u65af\u5374\u652f\u6301EIA\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002 &ldquo;\u90a3\u4e9b\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u89c2\u70b9\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u9700\u8981\u62ff\u51fa\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8017\u8d39\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u7cbe\u529b\u624d\u5f97\u51fa\u8fd9\u4efd\u5177\u6709\u6700\u9ad8\u4e13\u4e1a\u6c34\u51c6\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u3002\u800c\u9634\u8c0b\u8bba\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u5374\u53ef\u4ee5\u987a\u624b\u62c8\u6765\u3002&rdquo; <\/p>\n<p>\u82e5\u5e72\u4e2a\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u95e8\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73af\u5883\u5f71\u54cd\u8bc4\u4f30\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5ba1\u67e5\u3002\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u957f<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jos%25C3%25A9_Garc%25C3%25ADa_Bela%25C3%25BAnde\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u4f55\u585e&middot;\u5b89\u4e1c\u5c3c\u5965&middot;\u52a0\u897f\u4e9a&middot;\u8d1d\u6717\u5fb7<\/a>\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a&ldquo;\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u62a5\u544a\u53d8\u5f97\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\u3002&rdquo;\u4ed6\u627f\u8bfa\u5c06\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9488\u5bf967\u53f7\u5730\u5757\u7684\u6307\u63a7\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u67e5\u3002 <\/p>\n<p>\u8bc4\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u73af\u5883\u90e8\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e9b\u66f4\u52a0\u5f3a\u52bf\u5730\u63a8\u52a8\u77f3\u6cb9\u70ed\u6f6e\u7684\u90e8\u95e8\u65f6\u663e\u5f97\u8f6f\u5f31\u65e0\u529b\u3002\u4f4d\u4e8e\u534e\u76db\u987f\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u8d44\u6e90\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wri.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">WRI<\/a>\uff09\u7684\u79d8\u9c81\u7c4d\u77f3\u6cb9\u4e13\u5bb6\u4f55\u585e&middot;\u8def\u6613\u65af&middot;\u5fb7&middot;\u62c9&middot;\u5df4\u65af\u8482\u8fbe\u65af\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u79d8\u9c81\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u5e76\u4e0d\u516c\u6b63\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u5730\u505a\u5230\u9f13\u52b1\u73af\u5883\u5f71\u54cd\u8bc4\u4f30\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u3002\u53bb\u5e74\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6267\u653f\u515a\u6d89\u5acc\u6536\u53d7<a href=\"https:\/\/www.livinginperu.com\/news\/7550\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u632a\u5a01\u4e00\u5bb6\u77f3\u6cb9\u516c\u53f8<\/a>\u7684\u8d3f\u8d42\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u80fd\u6e90\u90e8\u957f\u548c\u56fd\u8425\u80fd\u6e90\u516c\u53f8&#8211;\u79d8\u9c81\u77f3\u6cb9\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u88ab\u8feb<a href=\"https:\/\/www.peruviantimes.com\/peru-annuls-four-discover-petroleum-oil-contracts-amid-alleged-concession-kickbacks\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u8f9e\u804c<\/a>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u62d2\u7edd\u627f\u8ba4\u6536\u53d7\u4efb\u4f55\u8d3f\u8d42\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u77f3\u6cb9\u516c\u53f8\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c\u4e4b\u95f4\u6743\u94b1\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u56de\u65cb\u4e4b\u95e8\u540c\u6837\u5f15\u8d77\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u4e0d\u5b89\u3002\u5021\u5bfc\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c&ldquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazonwatch.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u5b88\u671b\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a<\/a>&rdquo;\u7684\u683c\u96f7\u6208\u5c14&middot;\u9ea6\u514b\u4f26\u5357\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a&ldquo;\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u8bb8\u591a\u91cd\u53e0\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u8fdb\u9000\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002&rdquo; 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noreferrer\">\u5e9f\u6b62\u4e86\u4e24\u90e8<\/a>\u5907\u53d7\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u6cd5\u6848\uff0c\u5373\u7b2c1090\u53f7\u6cd5\u6848\u548c1064\u53f7\u6cd5\u6848\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u4e24\u90e8\u6cd5\u6848\u653e\u5bbd\u4e86\u5bf9\u5728\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a\u5730\u533a\u8fdb\u884c\u751f\u7269\u71c3\u6599\u5f00\u91c7\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u539f\u59cb\u90e8\u843d\u7fa4\u4f53\u6682\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6297\u8bae\u884c\u4e3a\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u77f3\u6cb9\u5929\u7136\u6c14\u9879\u76ee\u5374\u4ecd\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u675c\u514b\u5927\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u8005\u82ac\u7eb3\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c&ldquo;\u672a\u6765\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u5bb9\u4e50\u89c2\u3002\u79d8\u9c81\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a\u5730\u533a\u4ecd\u7136\u4f1a\u88ab\u59a5\u534f\u8ba9\u6b65\u7684\u524d\u666f\u6240\u7b3c\u7f69\u3002&rdquo; 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target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">MBE<\/a>\uff09\u4e22\u5f03\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f1a\u5c06\u8fd9\u679a\u52cb\u7ae0\u9000\u56de\u53bb\uff0c\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u4ed6\u5bf9\u82f1\u56fd\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u7ad9\u5728\u79d8\u9c81\u4e00\u8fb9\u7684\u6297\u8bae\u3002\u4ed6\u5e0c\u671b\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a\u5730\u533a\u7684&ldquo;\u7cbe\u795e\u529b\u91cf&rdquo;\u80fd\u591f\u53f7\u53ec\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u516c\u4f17\u8206\u8bba\u53cd\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77f3\u6cb9\u516c\u53f8\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a&ldquo;\u897f\u65b9\u66f4\u9700\u8981\u7684\u662f\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u77f3\u6cb9\u3002&rdquo; 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noreferrer\">\u4f69\u6717\u79d1<\/a>\u4e0d\u5f00\u91c7\uff0c\u81ea\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u6765\u5f00\u91c7\u3002\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u5c06\u90a3\u4e9b\u77f3\u6cb9\u7559\u5728\u5730\u4e0b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e16\u4e0a\u603b\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u94b1\u6709\u52bf\u7684\u4eba\u60f3\u8981\u5f97\u5230\u5b83\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u4e0d\u60dc\u4ee3\u4ef7\u5730\u5f97\u5230\u5b83\u3002&rdquo; <\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5982\u679c67\u53f7\u5730\u5757\u4e0a\u751f\u5b58\u7740\u539f\u59cb\u90e8\u843d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5c31\u662f\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u6c38\u8fdc\u5730\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a\u7684\u4f20\u8bf4\u3002 <\/p>\n<p>\n\u6765\u6e90\uff1awww.guardian.co.uk <\/p>\n<p>\u536b\u62a5\u65b0\u95fb\u4f20\u5a92\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f82009\u5e74\u7248\u6743\u6240\u6709<\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u9875\u56fe\u7247\u7531 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/guenno\/\" target=\"_blank\" 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