{"id":40048,"date":"2010-03-15T15:09:00","date_gmt":"2010-03-15T15:09:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-06-22T22:55:31","modified_gmt":"2020-06-22T22:55:31","slug":"40048","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/zh\/uncategorized-zh\/40048\/","title":{"rendered":"\u57ce\u5e02\u68a6\u60f3"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u8d3e\u5fb7&middot;\u683c\u6797\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7b80\u79f0&ldquo;\u683c&rdquo;\uff09\uff1a\u5728\u4f60\u7684\u65b0\u8457\u300a<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Green-Metropolis-Smaller-Driving-Sustainability\/dp\/1594488827\/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&amp;s=books&amp;qid=1263567481&amp;sr=1-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>\u7eff\u8272\u90fd\u4f1a\uff1a\u4e3a\u4f55\u66f4\u5c0f\u3001\u66f4\u5bc6\u7684\u5c45\u4f4f\u53ca\u51cf\u5c11\u5f00\u8f66\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u5173\u952e<\/strong><\/a><strong>\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u57ce\u5e02\u7f8e\u56fd\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u6700\u5f3a\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Demographics_of_New_York_City\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>\u9ad8\u4eba\u53e3\u5bc6\u5ea6<\/strong><\/a><strong>\u3002\u4e66\u4e2d\u7684\u73af\u5883\u7ecf\u9a8c\u662f\uff1a\u4f4f\u5f97\u66f4\u5c0f\u3001\u66f4\u5bc6\uff0c\u5e76\u51cf\u5c11\u5f00\u8f66\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ecf\u9a8c\u662f\u66f4\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u672a\u6765\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff1f <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5927\u536b&middot;\u6b27\u6587\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7b80\u79f0&ldquo;\u6b27&rdquo;\uff09\uff1a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u57ce\u7684\u4eba\u5747\u78b3\u8db3\u8ff9\u662f\u5168\u7f8e\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5c45\u6c11\u7684\u6e29\u5ba4\u6c14\u4f53\u6392\u653e\u53ea\u6709<a href=\"https:\/\/1800recycling.com\/2009\/11\/new-york-low-emissions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">7.1\u5428<\/a>\uff0c\u800c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u662f24.5\u5428\u3002\u539f\u56e0\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u53e3\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3002\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4eba\u4e0e\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u5927\u5927\u7f29\u5c0f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u5927\u5927\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u80fd\u6e90\u6d88\u8d39\u3001\u78b3\u6392\u653e\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u5e9f\u7269\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002 <\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u8fd8\u662f\u6c7d\u8f66\u3002\u6c7d\u8f66\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u4e0d\u5229\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u76f4\u63a5\u6d88\u8017\u71c3\u6599\u5e76\u6392\u653e\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\uff0c\u66f4\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Effects_of_the_automobile_on_societies#Advent_of_suburban_society\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u4f7f\u5f97<\/a>\u80fd\u6e90\u6d6a\u8d39\u548c\u73af\u5883\u7834\u574f\u7684\u6e90\u5934\u5927\u5927\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u57ce\u9547\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6269\u5927\u3001\u5927\u800c\u65e0\u5f53\u7684\u4f4f\u5b85\u3001\u80fd\u6548\u4f4e\u4e0b\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\uff0c\u548c\u5de8\u5927\u800c\u6d6a\u8d39\u7684\u516c\u5171\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u7ebd\u7ea6\u57ce\u7684\u6c7d\u8f66\u5360\u6709\u7387\u662f\u5168\u7f8e\u56fd<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_U.S._cities_with_most_households_without_a_car\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u6700\u4f4e<\/a>\u7684\uff0c54%\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\uff0c\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Manhattan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u66fc\u54c8\u987f<\/a>\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bd4\u4f8b\u66f4\u9ad8\u8fbe77%\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5176\u5b83\u5730\u65b9\u7b80\u76f4\u4e0d\u53ef\u60f3\u8c61\u3002 <\/p>\n<p>\u7ebd\u7ea6\u57ce\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5176\u5b83\u5730\u65b9\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u73af\u5883\u699c\u6837\u5f88\u96be\u6a21\u4eff\u3002\u4f46\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u5305\u62ec\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u5728\u5185\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u73af\u5883\u75fc\u75be\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u5bc6\u96c6\u805a\u5c45\u662f\u5c11\u6570\u51e0\u4e2a\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8fd8\u884c\u5f97\u901a\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u60f3\u529e\u6cd5\u7f29\u5c0f\u5c45\u4f4f\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u7f29\u77ed\u6211\u4eec\u548c\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u6212\u65ad\u5bf9\u6c7d\u8f66\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002 <\/p>\n<p><strong>\u683c\uff1a\u4f60\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u57ce\u5e02\u5e94\u8be5\u96c6\u4e2d\u7cbe\u529b\u60f3\u529e\u6cd5\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u9002\u5b9c\u66f4\u52a0\u5bc6\u96c6\u7684\u5c45\u4f4f\uff0c\u8fd9\u624d\u662f\u6700\u597d\u7684\u73af\u5883\u6295\u5165\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u600e\u6837\u624d\u80fd\u8ba9\u6700\u4f73\u6295\u5165\u7528\u5230\u57ce\u5e02\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53bb\u5462\uff1f <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6b27\uff1a \u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u4eba\u53e3\u589e\u957f\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u4f1a\u52a0\u91cd\u73af\u5883\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u60f3\u529e\u6cd5\u628a\u65b0\u7684\u4f4f\u5b85\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u9879\u76ee\u4ece\u8f6c\u79fb\u51fa\u53bb\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u9996\u5148\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u4eba\u53e3\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7684\u76ca\u5904\uff0c\u7136\u540e \u5c06\u5176\u53d1\u626c\u5149\u5927\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u5fc5\u987b\u660e\u767d\uff1a\u5bf9\u4eba\u53e3\u5bc6\u96c6\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u73af\u5883\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u5c4b\u9876\u4e0a\u653e\u51e0\u5757\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u677f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b&ldquo;\u8001\u751f\u5e38\u8c08&rdquo;\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u8d28\u91cf\u5173\u5207\uff0c\u6bd4 \u5982\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u6587\u5316\u3001\u72af\u7f6a\u3001\u57ce\u5e02\u566a\u97f3\u3001\u81ed\u5473\u3001\u8001\u4eba\u670d\u52a1\u8d44\u6e90\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f11\u95f2\u8bbe\u65bd\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u4f1a\u51b3\u5b9a\u4eba\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u613f\u610f\u4f4f\u5728\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5e26\u4e0a\u5b69\u5b50\u8eb2\u5230\u90ca\u5916\u3002 <\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9<a href=\"https:\/\/webecoist.com\/2008\/08\/17\/a-brief-history-of-the-modern-green-movement\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u4f20\u7edf\u73af\u5883\u8bba\u8005<\/a>\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u70b9\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4e9b\u96be\u4ee5\u82df\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u89c9\u5f97\u4e0d\u591f\u7eff\u8272\uff1a\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u5806\u7740\u80a5\u6599\u7684\u6709\u673a\u82b1\u56ed\u548c\u540e\u9662\u5417\uff1f\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u8857\u9053\u7684\u4e24\u8fb9\u79cd\u6811\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f88\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u73af\u5883\u529f\u6548\u5f88\u5f3a\uff0c\u4f46\u539f\u56e0\u5374\u4e0d\u662f\u4eba\u4eec<a href=\"https:\/\/www.treesforcities.org\/page.php?id=95\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u901a\u5e38\u6240\u60f3<\/a>\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u3002\u6811\u6728\u5728\u4eba\u53e3\u5bc6\u96c6\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u91cc\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u751f\u6001\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6682\u65f6\u7684\u5927\u6c14\u78b3\u5143\u7d20\u50a8\u85cf\u5e93\uff08\u8fd9\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u8981\u6c42\u589e\u52a0\u79cd\u6811\u7684\u901a\u5e38\u8bba\u636e\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u4eba \u884c\u9053\u4e0a\u80fd\u591f\u8ba9\u5c45\u6c11\u4eec\u4ece\u57ce\u5e02\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u611f\u5230\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6109\u60a6\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u5e38\u89c4\u7684\u73af\u5883\u884c\u52a8\u5e38\u5e38\u5f15\u8d77\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u8ba9\u4eba\u4eec\u6240\u8c13\u57ce\u5e02\u751f\u6d3b\u77eb\u63c9\u9020\u4f5c\u4e14\u5815\u843d\u9893\u5e9f\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/www.waveland.com\/Titles\/Banfield.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u89c2\u70b9<\/a>\u66f4\u52a0\u6839\u6df1\u8482\u56fa\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f\u57ce\u5e02\u5c45\u6c11\u5bf9\u4f4f\u5728\u57ce\u91cc\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4ea7\u751f\u8d1f\u7f6a\u611f\u3002 <\/p>\n<p><strong>\u683c\uff1a\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/nymag.com\/news\/features\/35815\/index1.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>\u8ba4\u4e3a<\/strong><\/a><strong>\u57ce\u5e02\u751f\u6d3b\u80fd\u591f\u5ef6\u957f\u4eba\u7684\u5bff\u547d\uff0c\u5728\u4f60\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u521b\u9020\u5065\u5eb7\u793e\u533a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7b56\u7565\u624d\u662f\u6700\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5462\uff1f <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6b27\uff1a 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<\/p>\n<p>\u8981\u628a\u4eba\u4eec\u4ece\u6c7d\u8f66\u4e2d\u62c9\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u505a\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ef6\u662f\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u7d27\u5bc6\u6027\uff0c\u8ba9\u8d70\u8def\u548c\u9a91\u8f66\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ea4\u901a\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f97\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4ef6\u662f\u8981\u63d0\u9ad8\u5f00\u8f66\u7684\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u8ba9\u5b83\u8db3\u591f\u6602\u8d35\u3001\u8db3\u591f\u4e0d\u4fbf\u3001\u8db3\u591f\u8ba9\u4eba\u607c\u706b\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4eba\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u9009\u522b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u53ea\u4fee\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5907\u7684\u4ea4\u901a\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\u3002\u534e\u76db\u987f\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dcpages.com\/gallery\/Washington-DC-Metro\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u5730\u94c1\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f88\u68d2<\/a>\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u8f66\u7684\u4eba\u8c01\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u89c9\u5f97\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u5750\u5730\u94c1\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u603b\u662f\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u505c\u8f66\u4f4d\u3002 <\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u66fc\u54c8\u987f\u4f4f\u8fc7\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\uff1a\u4f60\u5750\u7684\u51fa\u79df\u8f66\u88ab<a href=\"https:\/\/www.roadsbridges.com\/Business-and-environmental-groups-ask-for-Manhattan-congestion-relief-NewsPiece11076\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u5835<\/a>\u5728\u8857\u4e0a\u7eb9\u4e1d\u4e0d\u52a8\uff0c\u773c\u7741\u7741\u770b\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u8001\u592a\u592a\u6162\u60a0\u60a0\u5730\u4ece\u4eba\u884c\u9053\u4e0a&ldquo;\u8d85&rdquo;\u8fc7\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8d8a\u8d70\u8d8a\u8fdc\u3002\u8fd9\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u7eff\u8272\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002 <br \/>\n<strong><br 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noreferrer\">\u7eff\u8272\u901a\u9053<\/a>&rdquo; \u548c\u5176\u5b83\u7f8e\u4e3d\u7684\u7eff\u5316\u4eba\u884c\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u5177\u7530\u56ed\u6c14\u606f\u3002\u7684\u786e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63aa\u65bd\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u516c\u56ed\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9f13\u52b1\u4eba\u4eec\u591a\u8d70\u8def\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u76ee\u6807\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e3a\u8ba9\u4eba\u4eec\u628a\u6b65\u884c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b9e \u9645\u7684\u4ea4\u901a\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fc7\u5927\u7684&ldquo;\u7eff\u8272\u901a\u9053&rdquo;\u53cd\u800c\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u826f\u540e\u679c\u3002\u6b65\u884c\u751f\u6d3b\u9700\u8981\u8ba9\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u8fd1\u4fbf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u66f4\u52a0\u5e7f\u5927\u7684\u7eff\u5316\u8bbe\u65bd\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u770b\u5230\u4eba\u4eec\u9760\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u53cc\u811a\u8d70\u6765\u8d70 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