{"id":40077221,"date":"2018-01-12T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2018-01-11T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/china-dialogue-ocean-staging.darkbluehq.com\/275-whats-the-impact-of-the-east-china-sea-oil-spill\/"},"modified":"2022-02-10T23:11:44","modified_gmt":"2022-02-10T17:41:44","slug":"77221","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/zh\/9\/77221\/","title":{"rendered":"\u71c3\u70e7\u7684\u201c\u6851\u5409\u201d\u8f6e\uff1a\u6d77\u4e0a\u78b0\u649e\u6ea2\u6cb9\u4e8b\u6545\u4f55\u65f6\u4f11"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><i>\u7f16\u8005\u6ce8\uff1a<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>\u636e\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u62a5\u300b\u62a5\u9053\uff0c1\u670814\u65e5\u4e0b\u53485\u70b9\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u71c3\u70e7\u4e868\u5929\u7684\u201c<wbr \/>\u6851\u5409\u201d\u8f6e\u6c89\u6ca1\u3002\u800c\u592e\u89c6\u65b0\u95fb\u7684\u62a5\u9053\u6307\u51fa\uff0c<wbr \/>1\u670815\u65e5\u4e0a\u534810\u70b9\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u201c\u6851\u5409\u201d\u8f6e\u6d77\u9762\u5927\u706b\u7184\u706d\uff0c<wbr 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href=\"http:\/\/www.xinhuanet.com\/politics\/2018-01\/09\/c_1122234791.htm\">\u70df\u53f0\u6ea2\u6cb9\u5e94\u6025\u6280\u672f\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/a>\u6a21\u62df\uff0c\u51dd\u6790\u6cb9\u6cc4\u6f0f5\u5c0f\u65f6\u540e\uff0c\u6d77\u9762\u6b8b\u5b58\u6cb9\u91cf\u4f4e\u4e8e1%\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e1c\u6d77\u649e\u8239\u4e8b\u6545\uff0c\u610f\u5916\u666e\u53ca\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u77f3\u6cb9\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u51dd\u6790\u6cb9\uff08condensates\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u4eba\u4eec\u63d0\u8d77\u539f\u6cb9(crude oil)\u65f6\uff0c\u8111\u6d77\u4e2d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u6d6e\u73b0\u9ed1\u8272\u3001\u6df1\u68d5\u8272\u7684\u7c98\u7a20\u6db2\u4f53\u753b\u9762\u3002\u51dd\u6790\u6cb9\u5219\u5f88\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u9ad8\u538b\u6cb9\u6c14\u85cf\u4e2d\uff0c\u662f\u6c14\u4f53\uff0c\u5f85\u5f00\u91c7\u3001\u63d0\u70bc\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u53d8\u6210\u6db2\u6001\u3002\u51dd\u6790\u6cb9\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u70bc\u5316\u6210\u9ad8\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u77f3\u6cb9\u4ea7\u54c1\u5982\u6c7d\u6cb9\u3001\u67f4\u6cb9\u3001\u822a\u7a7a\u71c3\u6599\u3001\u52a0\u70ed\u71c3\u6599\uff0c\u53c8\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u539f\u6cb9\u9999\u69df\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u77f3\u6cb9\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u51dd\u6790\u6cb9\u662f\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u539f\u6cb9\uff0c\u4f46\u4ece\u6ea2\u6cb9\u4e8b\u6545\u5904\u7f6e\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u5374\u4f9d\u7136\u96be\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u51dd\u6790\u6cb9\u6bd2\u6027\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u5374\u6bd4\u91cd\u8d28\u539f\u6cb9\u66f4\u6613\u71c3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e8b\u6545\u53d1\u751f\u51e0\u5929\u540e\uff0c\u4e8b\u6545\u8239\u4f53\u4ecd\u5728\u71c3\u70e7\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6ea2\u6cb9\u5bf9\u6d77\u6d0b\u751f\u6001\u73af\u5883\u3001\u6d77\u6d0b\u52a8\u690d\u7269\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u957f\u671f\u76d1\u6d4b\u3001\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u8003\u8651\u6ea2\u6cb9\u91cf\u3001\u6cb9\u54c1\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u53c2\u7167\u6d77\u6d41\u65b9\u5411\u3001\u6c14\u5019\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u4e8b\u6545\u53d1\u751f\u6c34\u57df\u81ea\u7136\u73af\u5883\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u5f88\u8bf4\u660e\u95ee\u9898\u30021979\u5e74\uff0c\u8d85\u5927\u6cb9\u8f6eAtlantic Empress\u5728\u591a\u5df4\u54e5\u5c9b\u9644\u8fd1\u4e0e\u53e6\u4e00\u8258\u6cb9\u8f6eAegean Captain\u76f8\u649e\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u83b7\u6551\u3002Atlantic Empress\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u539f\u6cb9\u6cc4\u9732\u3001\u5931\u706b\u540e\u6700\u7ec8\u5728\u6d77\u4e0a\u6c89\u6ca1\uff0c\u4ee528.8\u4e07\u5428\u6cb9\u91cf\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u8239\u8236\u6ea2\u6cb9\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u6ea2\u6cb9\u91cf\u4e4b\u6700\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u539f\u6cb9\u5e76\u672a\u6c61\u67d3\u6d77\u5cb8\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b21<a href=\"http:\/\/ioscproceedings.org\/doi\/abs\/10.7901\/2169-3358-1981-1-429?code=ampi-site\">\u4e8b\u6545\u7684\u73af\u5883\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4e0d\u59821989\u5e74\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u963f\u62c9\u65af\u52a0\u7684Exxon Valdez\u53f7\u6ea2\u6cb9\u4e8b\u6545<\/a>\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u540e\u8005\u7684\u6ea2\u6cb9\u91cf\u4e0d\u5982\u524d\u8005\u5927\uff0c\u5374\u56e0\u4e3a\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u5a01\u5ec9\u738b\u5b50\u6d77\u5ce1\uff0c\u6c61\u67d3\u4e86\u4e0a\u5343\u516c\u91cc\u7684\u6d77\u5cb8\u7ebf\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6816\u606f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u6d77\u57df\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u91ce\u751f\u52a8\u7269\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u540e\u7eed\u5f71\u54cd\u5ef6\u7eed\u6570\u5e74\uff0c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6700\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u4eba\u4e3a\u73af\u5883\u707e\u96be\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u540c\u5c5e\u707e\u96be\u7ea7\u6ea2\u6cb9\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u57282010\u5e74\u7684\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u6e7e\u201c\u6df1\u6c34\u5730\u5e73\u7ebf\u201d\u4e8b\u6545\u3002\u6d77\u4e0a\u7ef5\u5ef6\u6570\u5341\u516c\u91cc\u7684\u6cb9\u5e26\uff0c\u6cbe\u6ee1\u6cb9\u6c61\u7684\u6d77\u9e1f\uff0c\u5cb8\u6ee9\u4e0a\u7d2f\u79ef\u7684\u6cb9\u5757\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u6545\u9707\u60ca\u4e86\u5168\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u8ba9\u7f8e\u56fd\u6570\u4e2a\u5dde\u8fdb\u5165\u7d27\u6025\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u540e\u7eed\u4e8b\u6545\u5904\u7406\u3001\u8d54\u507f\u540c\u6837\u5ef6\u7eed\u591a\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u6b21\u4e1c\u6d77\u649e\u8239\u4e8b\u6545\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8f7d\u6cb9\u91cf\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8b\u6545\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u79bb\u5cb8\u8f83\u8fdc\u7684\u6d77\u4e0a\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u51dd\u6790\u6cb9\u6613\u6325\u53d1\u3001\u5fae\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u5bf9\u6d77\u6d0b\u73af\u5883\u548c\u9644\u8fd1\u6e14\u4e1a\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u53ef\u80fd\u8f83\u5c0f\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u6d77\u6d0b\u5c40\u4e1c\u6d77\u5206\u5c40\u6709\u5173\u4eba\u58eb11\u65e5\u63a5\u53d7<a href=\"http:\/\/china.caixin.com\/2018-01-11\/101196763.html\">\u300a\u8d22\u65b0\u300b<\/a>\u91c7\u8bbf\u65f6\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u7531\u76f8\u5173\u6d77\u8b66\u8239\u53ea\u53d1\u56de\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u68c0\u6d4b\u6570\u636e\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u8ddd\u201c\u6851\u5409\u201d\u8f6e1.3\u81f319\u6d77\u91cc\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u201c\u672a\u53d1\u73b0\u6cb9\u82b1\uff0c\u6cb9\u542b\u91cf\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u6c34\u8d28\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u6d77\u6d0b\u4e00\u7c7b\u6d77\u6c34\u6c34\u8d28\u6807\u51c6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u201d\u3002\u7a7a\u6c14\u8d28\u91cf\u4e5f\u5728\u6d77\u6d0b\u90e8\u95e8\u68c0\u6d4b\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u6709\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\u4e00\u7ecf\u5206\u6790\u5b8c\u6bd5\u5c06\u516c\u5e03\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\u6d77\u6d41\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u5411\u5357\u7684\u8868\u5c42\u6d77\u6d41\uff0c\u4ecd\u5b58\u5728\u6ce2\u53ca\u821f\u5c71\u6e14\u573a\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e8b\u6545\u8239\u53ea\u5b58\u5728\u503e\u8986\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u503e\u8986\uff0c\u6ea2\u6cb9\u91cf\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u73af\u5883\u98ce\u9669\u4e5f\u5c06\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_314\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-314\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-314 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/GP024WG_meitu_2.jpg\" alt=\"\u6e24\u6d77\u6ea2\u6cb9\u4e8b\u6545\u6e05\u7406\u73b0\u573a\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-314\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u6e24\u6d77\u6ea2\u6cb9\u4e8b\u6545\u6e05\u7406\u73b0\u573a\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1a<a href=\"http:\/\/media.greenpeace.org\/archive\/Clean-up-of-Oil-Spill-in-Dalian-27MZIFIA2KVT.html\">Lu Guang\/Greenpeace<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>\u540e\u7eed\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\uff1f<\/h2>\n<p>\u6d77\u4e0a\u6ea2\u6cb9\u5f88\u96be\u5b8c\u5168\u675c\u7edd\u3002\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u89c4\u5236\u3001\u6280\u672f\u964d\u4f4e\u4e8b\u6545\u53d1\u751f\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u8d23\u4efb\u8ba4\u5b9a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4f9d\u636e\u53ca\u5584\u540e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Exxon Valdez\u4e8b\u6545\u53d1\u751f\u540e\u6b21\u5e74\uff081990\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u300a\u77f3\u6cb9\u6c61\u67d3\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff0c\u89c4\u5b9a\u6240\u6709\u7528\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u65b0\u5efa\u6cb9\u8f6e\uff0c\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u53cc\u4f53\u8239\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u89e6\u7901\u3001\u649e\u51fb\u540e\u6ea2\u6cb9\u30021992\u5e74\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u6d77\u4e8b\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08IMO\uff09\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u9632\u6b62\u8239\u8236\u9020\u6210\u6c61\u67d3\u516c\u7ea6(MARPOL)\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u5185\uff0c\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u65b0\u9020\u6cb9\u8f6e\u90fd\u8981\u662f\u53cc\u4f53\u8239\u3001\u5df2\u6295\u8fd0\u6cb9\u8f6e\u8981\u9010\u6b65\u7b26\u5408\u53cc\u4f53\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3002MARPOL\u662f\u4fdd\u62a4\u6d77\u6d0b\u73af\u5883\u514d\u53d7\u8239\u8236\u6c61\u67d3\u9886\u57df\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u516c\u7ea6\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u6d77\u4e8b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4f1a\u5458\u56fd\uff0c\u4e5f\u662fMARPOL\u7f14\u7ea6\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7f8e\u56fd\u80fd\u6e90\u4fe1\u606f\u7f72\uff08EIA\uff09\u5728\u5bf9\u6ea2\u6cb9\u5904\u7f6e\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\uff0c1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u5168\u7403\u6765\u81ea\u8239\u8236\u7684\u6ea2\u6cb9\u603b\u91cf\u660e\u663e\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u5f52\u529f\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u201c\u53cc\u4f53\u8239\u201d\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u6765\u81ea\u56fd\u9645\u6cb9\u8f6e\u8239\u4e1c\u9632\u6c61\u67d3\u8054\u5408\u4f1a(ITOPF)\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e5f\u663e\u793a\uff0c1970-2016\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u6ea2\u6cb9\u91cf\u5927\u4e8e700\u5428\u7684\u5927\u578b\u8239\u8236\u6ea2\u6cb9\u4e8b\u6545\u6570\u91cf\u5448\u4e0b\u964d\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c1990-1999\u5e74\u7684\u5341\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u5927\u578b\u8239\u8236\u6ea2\u6cb9\u5e74\u57477.7\u8d77\uff0c\u4f4e\u4e8e1980\u73b0\u4ee3\u76849.4\u8d77\uff0c\u4e14\u57282010\u5e74\u540e\u6709\u4e86\u66f4\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u7684\u51cf\u5c11\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e2d\u578b\u6ea2\u6cb9\u91cf\u7684\u4e8b\u6545\u6570\u91cf\u4e5f\u5728\u4e0b\u964d\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_277\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-277\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-277 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/csm_large_spills_16_09298138d6.jpg\" alt=\"1970-2016\u5e74\u6bcf\u5341\u5e74\u5927\u3001\u4e2d\u578b\u8239\u8236\u6ea2\u6cb9\" width=\"800\" height=\"531\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-277\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">1970-2016\u5e74\u6bcf\u5341\u5e74\u5927\u3001\u4e2d\u578b\u8239\u8236\u6ea2\u6cb9<a href=\"http:\/\/www.itopf.com\/knowledge-resources\/data-statistics\/statistics\/\">\u4e8b\u6545\u6570\u91cf\u8d8b\u52bf<\/a>\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u6765\u6e90\uff1aITOPF<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u672c\u6b21\u53d1\u751f\u4e8b\u6545\u7684\u201c\u6851\u5409\u201d\u8f6e\u8239\u578b\u3001\u8239\u9f84\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u5c1a\u4e0d\u660e\u786e\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u96be\u4ee5\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408\u76f8\u5173\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6ea2\u6cb9\u91cf\u672a\u660e\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5224\u65ad\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4f55\u79cd\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684\u6ea2\u6cb9\u4e8b\u6545\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u6e7e\u6ea2\u6cb9\u4e8b\u6545\u53d1\u751f\u540e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u6d77\u6d0b\u80fd\u6e90\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\u529b\u5ea6\u3002\u540c\u6837\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e5f\u53d1\u751f\u57282011\u5e74\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd<a 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