{"id":40323,"date":"2010-09-17T15:12:00","date_gmt":"2010-09-17T15:12:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-06-22T22:57:25","modified_gmt":"2020-06-22T22:57:25","slug":"40323","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/zh\/5\/40323\/","title":{"rendered":"\u534e\u5317\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u5371\u673a"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u5728\u4e00\u6761\u7070\u6251\u6251\u7684\u9a6c\u8def\u8fb9\uff0c\u519c\u6c11\u4eec\u85cf\u5728\u9634\u51c9\u5904\uff0c\u5207\u897f\u74dc\uff0c\u8eb2\u907f\u6b63\u5348\u7684\u708e\u70ed\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5806\u79ef\u5982\u5c71\u7684\u897f\u74dc\u4ea7\u81ea\u4e2d\u56fd<a target=\"&ldquo;_blank&rdquo;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shanxi\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u5c71\u897f\u7701<\/span><\/a>\u897f\u5357\u89d2\u7684\u6c38\u6d4e\u53bf\u3002\u5176\u65f6\u6211\u6b63\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u5750\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5403\u7740\u65b0\u9c9c\u7684\u6c34\u679c\uff0c\u8fdc\u773a\u7740\u7e41\u8302\u7684\u7eff\u91ce\uff0c\u90a3\u91cc\u5bc6\u5bc6\u9ebb\u9ebb\u5730\u79cd\u6ee1\u4e86\u7389\u7c73\u4e0e\u679c\u6811\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u8513\u5ef6\u5230\u76ee\u5149\u6240\u53ca\u4e4b\u5904\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5bc6\u96c6\u7684\u79cd\u690d\u5012\u663e\u5f97\u6709\u4e9b\u53e4\u602a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u91cc\u6c14\u5019\u708e\u70ed\u800c\u591a\u5c18\uff0c\u770b\u4e0d\u89c1\u4efb\u4f55\u6c34\u6e90\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u6c34\u6e90\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u6570\u5343\u53e3\u6df1\u4e95\uff0c\u5728\u704c\u6e89\u7684\u5b63\u8282\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e95\u5c06\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u6e90\u6e90\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u8f93\u9001\u5230\u5730\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u8fd9\u7247\u6b23\u6b23\u5411\u8363\u7684\u519c\u57a6\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u7f3a\u5c11\u6cb3\u6d41\u4e0e\u6e56\u6cca\uff0c\u6c14\u5019\u4e5f\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e72\u71e5\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u6574\u4e2a\u534e\u5317\u5730\u533a\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u5c31\u662f\u519c\u4e1a\u7684\u547d\u8109\u3002\u6c38\u6d4e\u7684\u519c\u6c11\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u90fd\u662f\u4ece<a target=\"&ldquo;_blank&rdquo;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yuncheng,_Shanxi\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u8fd0\u57ce<\/span><\/a>\u76c6\u5730\u62bd\u4e0a\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc500\u7c73\u6df1\u5904\u7684\u6c89\u79ef\u5c42\u5bcc\u542b\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u704c\u6e89\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u6700\u5173\u952e\u662f\u7684\u53ef\u4ee5\u996e\u7528\u3002\u6c34\u4e95\u4ece\u6c89\u79ef\u5c42\u4e2d\u5c06\u6c34\u62bd\u5230\u5730\u9762\u4e0a\u6765\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u6df1\u8fbe350\u7c73\u3002\u8fd0\u57ce\u6c34\u5229\u5c40\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u5b98\u5458\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u8fd9\u76c6\u5730\u533a\u7684\u519c\u6c11\u4e3a\u5c71\u897f\u7684\u7cae\u98df\u751f\u4ea7\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e8660%\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u8be5\u7701\u4eba\u53e3\u6709\u4e09\u5343\u591a\u4e07\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u9ad8\u4ea7\u7684\u519c\u4e1a\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u9760\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u50cf\u5176\u4ed6\u8d44\u6e90\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u53d6\u4e4b\u4e0d\u5c3d\u7684\u3002\u4f9d\u7167\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u7528\u6c34\u901f\u5ea6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u76c6\u5730\u7684\u50a8\u6c34\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u62bd\u5e72\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u6c34\u8d28\u4e5f\u5728\u8fc5\u901f\u6076\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u57282007\u5e74\u52302009\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u6211\u4e09\u6b21\u5230\u8fd0\u57ce\u3001\u4e34\u6c82\u548c\u6c38\u6d4e\u53bf\u505a\u76c6\u5730\u6c34\u6837\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6210\u5206\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u6c34\u9f84\u4ee5\u53ca\u8865\u7ed9\u6c34\u6e90\u6216\u65b0\u6c34\u6e90\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u9879<a target=\"&ldquo;_blank&rdquo;\" href=\"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022169410000922\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c<\/span><\/a>\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u8fd9\u6b21\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6210\u679c\u663e\u793a\uff1a\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u5728\u63d0\u4f9b\u591a\u79cd\u7528\u9014\u7684\u6c34\u65b9\u9762\u6f5c\u529b\u5de8\u5927\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u6781\u7aef\u8106\u5f31\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u672a\u6765\u5e76\u4ee5\u4e0d\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7528\u6c34\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6446\u5728\u534e\u5317\u519c\u6c11\u9762\u524d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u81f4\u547d\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6709\u4eba<a target=\"&ldquo;_blank&rdquo;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2007\/09\/28\/world\/asia\/28water.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u9884\u6d4b<\/span><\/a>\u8bf4\u6709\u4e9b\u533a\u57df\u7684\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u5c06\u572830\u5e74\u5185\u67af\u7aed\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8bb0\u5f55\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u81ea\u4ece1986\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u8fd0\u57ce\u76c6\u5730\u5927\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u4f4d\u6b63\u5728\u4ee5\u6bcf\u5e74\u4e09\u7c73\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u4e0b\u964d\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e0b\u964d\u901f\u5ea6\u5927\u5927\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u6240\u516c\u5e03\u7684\u534e\u5317\u5e73\u539f\u6c34\u4f4d\u4e0b\u964d\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7<a target=\"&ldquo;_blank&rdquo;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carbon-14%20\/%20Radiocarbon_dating\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u78b3\u5341\u56db\u6d4b\u5b9a<\/span><\/a>\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u6570\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6df1\u4e95\u6240\u8fbe\u7684200\u7c73\u6df1\u5904\u7684\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u5c42\uff0c\u5176\u8865\u7ed9\u6c34\u5927\u591a\u5f62\u6210\u4e8e1\u4e07\u81f32\u4e07\u5e74\u524d\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\u7684\u6c14\u5019\u6bd4\u73b0\u5728\u51c9\u723d\uff0c\u96e8\u6c34\u5728\u6e17\u900f\u5230\u6f5c\u6c34\u9762\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u84b8\u53d1\u91cf\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002\u7531\u964d\u6c34\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8865\u7ed9\u7387\u975e\u5e38\u7f13\u6162\uff0c\u5176\u901f\u5ea6\u5927\u6982\u662f\u6bcf\u5e74\u51e0\u6beb\u7c73\uff0c\u8fdc\u8fdc\u6bd4\u4e0d\u4e0a\u5982\u4eca\u6c34\u4f4d\u4e0b\u964d\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u6309\u7167\u91cd\u65b0\u8865\u7ed9\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u7684\u957f\u671f\u8981\u6c42\u4e0e\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u62bd\u6c34\u901f\u7387\u6765\u7b97\uff0c\u6709\u6f5c\u529b\u53ef\u518d\u751f\u7684\u6c34\u80fd\u6e90\u6b63\u5728\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u53ef\u518d\u751f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u88ab\u6ee5\u91c7\u3002\u800c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u62a5\u544a<a target=\"&ldquo;_blank&rdquo;\" href=\"https:\/\/journals2.scholarsportal.info\/details.xqy?uri=\/00221694\/v372i1-4\/1_copttvhrrbd1.xml\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u8868\u660e<\/span><\/a>\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb50\u5e74\u6dee\u5317\u5730\u533a\u7684\u964d\u6c34\u6b63\u5728\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5c06\u66f4\u52a0\u51f8\u663e\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u767e\u5e74\u5c06\u6108\u53d1\u4e25\u91cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd0\u57ce\u76c6\u5730\u53ca\u6574\u4e2a\u534e\u5317\u5730\u533a\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u96be\u9898\u662f\u6c34\u8d28\u3002\u5982\u4eca\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u704c\u6e89\u7528\u6c34\uff08\u6765\u6e90\u81ea\u6df1\u5c42\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u6216\u8005\u7531\u6c34\u6e20\u5f15\u81ea<a target=\"&ldquo;_blank&rdquo;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yellow_River\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u9ec4\u6cb3\u6d41\u57df<\/span><\/a>\uff09\u6b63\u6e17\u5165\u6d45\u5c42\u7684\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u704c\u6e89\u7528\u6c34\u6f2b\u8fc7\u5730\u9762\uff0c\u6e17\u8fdb\u5730\u8868\u6d45\u5c42\uff0c\u4e0e\u5316\u5b66\u80a5\u6599\u6df7\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u84b8\u53d1\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u571f\u5730\u76d0\u78b1\u5316\u3002\u653f\u5e9c<a target=\"&ldquo;_blank&rdquo;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.co.uk\/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;cd=1&amp;ved=0CBkQFjAA&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fertilizer.org%2Fifacontent%2Fdownload%2F15834%2F228332%2Fversion%2F1%2Ffile%2F2008_melbourne_liao_slides.pdf&amp;ei=AaVFTOXbMdy4jAeN_pi2Bw&amp;usg=AFQjCNHxNH6ioZDdF95nWWJJKR4IkKi7\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u8865\u8d34<\/span><\/a>\u8ba9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u519c\u6c11\u80fd\u591f\u4ee5\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u6210\u672c\u4f7f\u7528\u5316\u80a5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u534e\u5317\u7684\u519c\u533a\u5f00\u59cb\u6ee5\u7528\u80a5\u6599\uff0c\u4ee5\u671f\u9ad8\u4ea7\u3002\u4f5c\u7269\u65e0\u6cd5\u5229\u7528\u7684\u8fc7\u91cf\u785d\u9178\u76d0\u6e17\u5165\u6d45\u5c42\u571f\u58e4\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u6df7\u8fdb\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u3002\u5728\u6211\u53d6\u6837\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u6df1\u4e95\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u5316\u80a5\u4e2d\u5206\u89e3\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u9ad8\u6d53\u5ea6\u785d\u9178\u76d0\u6e17\u5165\u4e86\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u751a\u81f3\u5230\u8fbe200\u7c73\u6df1\u5904\u3002\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\u5f62\u6210\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e24\u4e07\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u5df2\u6df7\u5165\u4e86\u8868\u5c42\u88ab\u519c\u4e1a\u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u6c34\uff0c\u5176\u6c34\u8d28\u53d7\u5230\u4e25\u91cd\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u5728\u4e94\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u519c\u6751\u5730\u533a\u8fd8\u5728\u996e\u7528\u6df1\u5c42\u7684\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u5bb6\u7528\u6c34\u4e95\u5df2\u88ab\u5e9f\u5f03\uff0c\u4ec5\u6709\u67d0\u4e9b\u5730\u533a\u4ecd\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8fc7\u91cf\u7684\u785d\u9178\u76d0\u6d53\u805a\u7269\u4e0e\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u7684\u76d0\u6e0d\u5316\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u6c34\u7684\u996e\u7528\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u704c\u6e89&mdash;&mdash;\u4f5c\u7269\u53ea\u80fd<a target=\"&ldquo;_blank&rdquo;\" href=\"https:\/\/ucanr.org\/freepubs\/docs\/8066.pdf\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u9002\u5e94<\/span><\/a>\u4e00\u5b9a\u76d0\u5ea6\u7684\u6c34\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u4e5f\u88ab\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u7684<a target=\"&ldquo;_blank&rdquo;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fluoride\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u6c1f\u5316\u7269<\/span><\/a>\u4e0e<a target=\"&ldquo;_blank&rdquo;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arsenic\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u7837<\/span><\/a>\u6240\u6c61\u67d3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u7269\u8d28\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u4f4e\u6d53\u5ea6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u6bd2\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6210\u5206\u5728\u534e\u5317\u8bb8\u591a\u5730\u533a\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u8fd0\u57ce\u76c6\u5730\uff09\u7684\u6c89\u79ef\u5c42\u4e2d\u90fd\u80fd\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u90fd\u4f1a\u6df7\u5165\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u957f\u671f\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u6c34\uff0c\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1<a target=\"&ldquo;_blank&rdquo;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dental_fluorosis\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u6c1f\u4e2d\u6bd2<\/span><\/a>\u3001\u76ae\u80a4\u75c5\u4ee5\u53ca\u80c3\u80a0\u75c5\u7b49\u3002\u6d45\u5c42\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u84b8\u53d1\u4f1a\u52a0\u5267\u6c34\u7684\u6c1f\u5316\u4e0e\u542b\u7837\u91cf\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5927\u91cf\u62bd\u53d6\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u4e5f\u4f1a\u52a0\u5feb\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u6269\u6563\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6c34\u4e95\u8fd8\u672a\u5b8c\u5168\u5e72\u6db8\uff0c\u6c34\u8fd8\u6ca1\u88ab\u5b8c\u5168\u7528\u5b8c\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5730\u533a\u6b63\u5728\u6076\u5316\u7684\u6c34\u8d28\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5176\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u519c\u4e1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u6c34\u50a8\u91cf\u4e0e\u6c34\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u534e\u5317\u5730\u533a\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6700\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u73af\u5883\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1<a target=\"&ldquo;_blank&rdquo;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South%E2%80%93North_Water_Transfer_Project\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u5357\u6c34\u5317\u8c03\u5de5\u7a0b<\/span><\/a>\u4e0e<a target=\"&ldquo;_blank&rdquo;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.china.org.cn\/environment\/2010-06\/04\/content_20184023.htm\" rel=\"noopener 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target=\"&ldquo;_blank&rdquo;\" href=\"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022169410000922\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u300a\u534e\u5317\u8fd0\u57ce\u76c6\u5730\u7684\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u8865\u7ed9\u53f2\u53ca\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u8d28\u6539\u826f\u300b\uff08Currell, M.J., Cartwright, I., Bradley, D.C., Han, D.M.)<br \/>\n<\/a><br \/>\n\u9996\u9875\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u81ea<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sxwater.gov.cn\/home\/details.asp?articleid=19106&amp;flage=1\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u5c71\u897f\u6c34\u5229\u5385<\/a><span><i><br \/>\n<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u652f\u6491\u7740\u5c71\u897f\u7701\u519c\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u6b63\u5728\u6301\u7eed\u9000\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u6b64\u65f6\u6b63\u662f\u6700\u9700\u8981\u6c34\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u3002\u9a6c\u7279&bull;\u5e93\u745e\u62a5\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":675,"featured_media":54514,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[778],"tags":[],"hashtags":[],"country":[],"class_list":["post-40323","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-778"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u534e\u5317\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u5371\u673a | \u5bf9\u8bdd\u5730\u7403<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" 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