{"id":40544,"date":"2011-02-01T14:33:00","date_gmt":"2011-02-01T14:33:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-06-22T22:58:45","modified_gmt":"2020-06-22T22:58:45","slug":"40544","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/zh\/7\/40544\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6c49\u6c5f\u56e0\u5357\u6c34\u5317\u8c03\u6fd2\u4e34\u67af\u7aed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u5bfb\u8e2a\u534e\u590f\u6587\u660e\uff0c\u6cbf<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Han_River_%28China%29\"><span>\u6c49\u6c5f<\/span><\/a>\u65c5\u884c\u662f\u518d\u5408\u9002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u67611577\u516c\u91cc\u957f\u7684\u6cb3\u6d41\uff0c\u5954\u817e\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u8179\u5730\uff0c\u52fe\u8fde\u957f\u6c5f\u3001\u9ec4\u6cb3\u4e24\u5927\u6c34\u7cfb\uff0c\u8d2f\u901a\u5e76\u5305\u5bb9\u7740<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Qin_Dynasty\"><span>\u79e6<\/span><\/a>\u9647\u3001<a 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href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South%E2%80%93North_Water_Transfer_Project\"><span>\u5357\u6c34\u5317\u8c03<\/span><\/a>\uff0c\u6c49\u6c49\u6fd2\u4e34\u67af\u7aed\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6309\u7167\u5357\u6c34\u5317\u8c03\u4e2d\u7ebf\u5de5\u7a0b\u63a8\u8fdb\u8fdb\u5ea6\u53ca&ldquo;\u5f15\u6c49\u6d4e\u6e2d&rdquo;\u5de5\u7a0b\u89c4\u5212\uff0c\u81f32030\u5e74\uff0c\u6c49\u6c5f<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Danjiangkou\"><span>\u4e39\u6c5f\u53e3<\/span><\/a>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6d41\u57df\u5c06\u5411\u5916&ldquo;\u8f93\u8840&rdquo;150\u4ebf\u7acb\u65b9\u7c73\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u62bd\u8d70\u6c49\u6c5f\u4e0a\u6e38\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u603b\u91cf\u8fd140%\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u5c06\u5f7b\u5e95\u98a0\u8986\u6c49\u6c5f\u7684\u683c\u5c40\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u5305\u62ec\u5404\u652f\u6d41\u5728\u5185\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u6c49\u6c5f\u6d41\u57df\uff0c\u5efa\u8d77\u7684\u6c34\u575d\u6570\u91cf\u5df2\u8fd1\u5343\u5ea7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u5e03\u4e25\u91cd\u4e0d\u5747\u3002\u7edf\u8ba1\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u957f\u6c5f\u6d41\u57df\u53ca\u5176\u4ee5\u5357\u7684\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u5360\u5168\u56fd\u603b\u91cf\u768484%\uff0c\u800c\u5317\u65b9\u4ec5\u53609.9%\u3002\u5728\u6df1\u5ea6\u5e72\u6e34\u7684\u534e\u5317\u5730\u533a\uff0c<a href=\"..\/..\/..\/article\/show\/single\/en\/3823\"><span>\u8d85\u91c7\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34<\/span><\/a>\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u65e0\u5948\u4e4b\u4e3e\u3002\u539f\u6c34\u5229\u90e8\u90e8\u957f<a href=\"https:\/\/www.china.org.cn\/english\/chuangye\/56952.htm\"><span>\u6c6a\u6055\u8bda<\/span><\/a>\u66fe\u79f0\uff1a&ldquo;\u534e\u5317\u5730\u533a\u5982\u679c\u6309\u7167\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u5f00\u91c7\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u518d\u8fc715\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u5c31\u4f1a\u5168\u90e8\u67af\u7aed\u3002&rdquo;<\/p>\n<p>1952\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u5728\u542c\u53d6\u539f<a href=\"https:\/\/www.yellowriver.gov.cn\/eng\/\"><span>\u9ec4\u6cb3\u6c34\u5229\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a<\/span><\/a>\u4e3b\u4efb\u738b\u5316\u4e91\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6c47\u62a5\u65f6\u8bf4\uff0c&ldquo;\u5357\u65b9\u6c34\u591a\uff0c\u5317\u65b9\u6c34\u5c11\uff0c\u5982\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u501f\u70b9\u6c34\u6765\u4e5f\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7684\u3002&rdquo;<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u5357\u6c34\u5317\u8c03\u5de5\u7a0b\u62c9\u5f00\u5e37\u5e55\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2002\u5e74\uff0c\u8c03\u6c49\u6c5f\u4e4b\u6c34\u89e3\u534e\u5317\u4e4b\u6e34\u6210\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u610f\u5fd7\u3002\u5f53\u5e7412\u670823\u65e5\uff0c\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u6279\u51c6\u300a\u5357\u6c34\u5317\u8c03\u5de5\u7a0b\u603b\u4f53\u89c4\u5212\u300b\uff0c\u5ba3\u5e03\u4ee550\u5e74\u4e3a\u671f\uff0c\u6295\u8d444860\u4ebf\u5143\uff0c\u5206\u4e1c\u3001\u4e2d\u3001\u897f\u4e09\u7ebf\u5b9e\u65bd\u5357\u6c34\u5317\u8c03\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e09\u6761\u7ebf\u8def\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e1c\u7ebf\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u6cbf\u7ebf\u6c34\u8d28\u6c61\u67d3\u56f0\u5c40\uff0c\u6cbb\u6c61\u96be\u5ea6\u8270\u5de8\uff0c\u6240\u8c03\u4e4b\u6c34\u77ed\u671f\u5185\u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u5de5\u519c\u4e1a\uff1b\u897f\u7ebf\u867d\u5e94\u5728\u4eca\u5e74\u8fdb\u5165\u5f00\u5de5\u5012\u8ba1\u65f6\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u8bf8\u591a\u539f\u56e0\u5f15\u53d1\u56db\u5ddd\u7b49\u7701\u53cd\u5bf9\u58f0\u4f17\uff0c\u4e0a\u9a6c\u4e0e\u5426\u4ecd\u672a\u6700\u7ec8\u786e\u5b9a\uff1b\u552f\u6709\u4ece\u6c49\u6c5f\u5f15\u6765\u4e00\u6c5f\u6e05\u6c34\u7684\u4e2d\u7ebf\u5de5\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e3a\u4eac\u6d25\u5180\u8c6b\u5404\u5730\u7fd8\u9996\u4ee5\u5f85\uff0c\u5173\u6ce8\u9762\u6781\u5e7f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6e56\u5317\u5341\u5830\u4e39\u6c5f\u53e3\u4ee5\u4e0a\u662f\u4e3a\u6c49\u6c5f\u4e0a\u6e38\u30021958\u5e74\u59cb\u5efa\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Danjiangkou_Dam\"><span>\u4e39\u6c5f\u53e3\u6c34\u5229\u67a2\u7ebd\u5de5\u7a0b<\/span><\/a>\uff0c\u4e8e\u6c49\u6c5f\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dan_River_%28China%29\"><span>\u4e39\u6c5f<\/span><\/a>\u4ea4\u6c47\u5904\u7b51\u575d\uff0c\u5357\u6c34\u5317\u8c03\u4e2d\u7ebf\u6c34\u6e90\u5373\u59cb\u4e8e\u6b64\u3002&ldquo;\u9996\u90fd\u6c34\u90fd\u5fc3\u8fde\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e00\u5e93\u6e05\u6c34\u9001\u5317\u4eac&rdquo;\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u6807\u8bed\u5728\u4e39\u6c5f\u53e3\u5e93\u533a\u968f\u5904\u53ef\u89c1\u3002\u6c34\u90fd\u4fbf\u6307\u4e39\u6c5f\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u89c4\u5212\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u4e2d\u7ebf\u4e8c\u671f\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b8c\u5de5\u540e\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u5c06\u6709120&mdash;140\u4ebf\u7acb\u65b9\u7c73\u6c5f\u6c34\u6d41\u5411\u534e\u5317\u3002\u636e<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shiyan\"><span>\u5341\u5830\u5e02<\/span><\/a>\u5357\u6c34\u5317\u8c03\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u5386\u5e74\u6c34\u6587\u8d44\u6599\u6d4b\u7b97\u51fa\u7684\u4e39\u6c5f\u53e3\u6c34\u5e93\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u603b\u91cf\u4e3a388\u4ebf\u7acb\u65b9\u7c73\uff1b\u84c4\u6c34\u81f3170\u7c73\u9ad8\u7a0b\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e39\u6c5f\u53e3\u6c34\u5e93\u6b63\u5e38\u84c4\u6c34\u5e93\u5bb9\u4e3a290.5\u4ebf\u7acb\u65b9\u7c73\u3002\u6309\u6b64\u6d4b\u7b97\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e2d\u7ebf\u9996\u671f\u5de5\u7a0b\u8c03\u6c3490\u4ebf\u7acb\u65b9\u7c73\uff0c\u4e39\u6c5f\u53e3\u6c34\u5e93\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5c06\u6709\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u6c34\u91cf\u88ab\u8c03\u8d70\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5904\u4e8e\u6c49\u6c5f\u4e0a\u6e38\u7684\u9655\u897f\u7701\uff0c\u5c06\u4e8e\u5e74\u5e95\u5f00\u5de5\u7b79\u5212\u5df2\u4e45\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u5de5\u7a0b&mdash;&mdash;\u5f15\u6c49\u6d4e\u6e2d\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u5f15\u6c49\u6d4e\u6e2d\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u9655\u897f\u6c49\u4e2d\u5e02\u6d0b\u53bf\u5883\u5185\u5f15\u6c49\u6c5f\u6c34\uff0c\u8fc7<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Qinling_Mountains\"><span>\u79e6\u5cad<\/span><\/a>\uff0c\u8fdb<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guanzhong\"><span>\u5173\u4e2d\u5730\u533a<\/span><\/a>\uff0c\u878d\u5165\u9ec4\u6cb3\u6700\u5927\u652f\u6d41<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wei_River\"><span>\u6e2d\u6cb3<\/span><\/a>\uff0c\u4ee5\u89e3\u897f\u5b89\u3001\u5b9d\u9e21\u3001\u54b8\u9633\u3001\u6e2d\u5357\u56db\u5927\u91cd\u70b9\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u5174\u5e73\u3001\u534e\u9634\u7b4913\u4e2a\u4e2d\u5c0f\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u3001\u751f\u6d3b\u7528\u6c34\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u7f3a\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6c49\u6c5f\u5b55\u80b2\u4e86\u9655\u5357\u3002\u800c\u79e6\u5cad\u4ee5\u5317\u7684\u5173\u4e2d\u5e73\u539f\u548c\u9655\u5317\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u6c34\u5371\u673a\u4e0e\u534e\u5317\u5e73\u539f\u51e0\u65e0\u4e8c\u81f4\uff0c\u4e24\u5730\u552f\u4e00\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u6e2d\u6cb3\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8fd1\u5e74\u5c61\u5c61\u65ad\u6d41\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6c61\u67d3\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u897f\u5b89\u7b49\u57ce\u5e02\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5927\u91cf\u8d85\u91c7\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u81ea\u9655\u897f\u915d\u917f\u5f15\u6c49\u6d4e\u6e2d\u5de5\u7a0b\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6c49\u6c5f\u4e2d\u4e0b\u6e38\u7684\u6e56\u5317\u7701\u4fbf\u4e0d\u65ad\u63d0\u51fa\u5f02\u8bae\u3002\u6e56\u5317\u65b9\u9762\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5357\u6c34\u5317\u8c03\u4e2d\u7ebf\u5de5\u7a0b\u672c\u5df2\u81f4\u6c49\u6c5f\u4e0b\u6cc4\u6c34\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u9655\u897f\u7701\u53c8\u8c03\u8d70\u90e8\u5206\u6c49\u6c5f\u6c34\uff0c\u65e0\u7591\u5c06\u4f7f\u4e0b\u6e38&ldquo;\u96ea\u4e0a\u52a0\u971c&rdquo;\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u9655\u897f\u7701\u5c06&ldquo;\u5f15\u6c49\u6d4e\u6e2d&rdquo;\u6700\u7ec8\u8c03\u6c34\u89c4\u6a2115\u4ebf\u7acb\u65b9\u7c73\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4ece2015\u5e74\u63a8\u8fdf\u52302030\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span>500<\/span>\u591a\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u6539\u9053\u4ece\u6c49\u53e3\u6d41\u5165\u957f\u6c5f\u7684\u6c49\u6c34\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f7f<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wuhan\"><span>\u6b66\u6c49<\/span><\/a>\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e09\u9547\u9694\u6c5f\u7684\u683c\u5c40\uff0c\u8fd8\u6210\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u53e3\u903e\u5343\u4e07\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u6e90\u3002\u5bf9\u6cbf\u7ebf\u8fd13000\u4e07\u6e56\u5317\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6c49\u6c5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u6709\u534a\u70b9\u95ea\u5931\u3002\u81ea\u4ece1959\u5e74\u8fdb\u5165\u957f\u6c5f\u6c34\u5229\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u89c4\u5212\uff0c\u9664\u6587\u9769\u671f\u95f4\u88ab\u6401\u7f6e\u5916\uff0c\u5357\u6c34\u5317\u8c03\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e00\u76f4\u672a\u66fe\u505c\u6b62\uff0c\u6e56\u5317\u4e5f\u4e00\u76f4\u7d27\u76ef\u7740\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c06\u4ea7\u751f\u91cd\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u8c03\u6c34\u5de5\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span>2002<\/span>\u5e74\u4e2d\u7ebf\u5de5\u7a0b\u5f00\u5de5\u540e\uff0c\u6e56\u5317\u7701\u5357\u6c34\u5317\u8c03\u529e\u3001\u6e56\u5317\u7701\u73af\u4fdd\u5c40\u8054\u5408\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u300a\u5357\u6c34\u5317\u8c03\u4e2d\u7ebf\u5de5\u7a0b\u6c49\u6c5f\u4e2d\u4e0b\u6e38\u73af\u5883\u5f71\u54cd\u8bc4\u4ef7\u62a5\u544a\u300b\uff0c 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href=\"https:\/\/www.greenhj.org\/\"><span>\u7eff\u8272\u6c49\u6c5f<\/span><\/a>&rdquo;\uff0c\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u5bb6\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u4fdd\u62a4\u6c49\u6c5f\u7684\u6c11\u95f4\u73af\u4fddNGO\uff0c\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xiangyang,_Hubei\"><span>\u8944\u6a0a\u5e02<\/span><\/a>\u67093000\u591a\u540d\u5fd7\u613f\u8005\u3002\u8fd0\u5efa\u7acb\u8bf4\uff1a&ldquo;\u5982\u679c\u8c01\u8bf4\u5357\u6c34\u5317\u8c03\u4e2d\u7ebf\u5de5\u7a0b\u5bf9\u6c49\u6c5f\u4e2d\u4e0b\u6e38\u3001\u5bf9\u8944\u6a0a\u6ca1\u6709\u8d1f\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u90a3\u6211\u5c31\u8981\u8bf4\u90a3\u662f\u653e\u5c41\u3002<span>&rdquo;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8944\u6a0a\u5e02\u66fe\u59d4\u6258<a 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href=\"https:\/\/www.chinavitae.com\/biography\/Zhang_Jiyao%7C1938\"><span>\u5f20\u57fa\u5c27<\/span><\/a>\u66fe\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u300a\u77ad\u671b\u300b\u91c7\u8bbf\u65f6\u5766\u9648\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u96be\u5ea6\u5927\uff0c\u662f\u5357\u6c34\u5317\u8c03\u4e2d\u7ebf\u5de5\u7a0b\u6295\u8d44\u653e\u5927\u3001\u5de5\u671f\u63a8\u8fdf\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u90e7\u9633\u7c4d\u4f5c\u5bb6\u6885\u6d01\u5728\u300a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hudong.com\/wiki\/%E3%80%8A%E5%A4%A7%E6%B1%9F%E5%8C%97%E5%8E%BB%E3%80%8B\"><span>\u5927\u6c5f\u5317\u53bb<\/span><\/a>\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u5199\u5230\uff1a&ldquo;\u6211\u771f\u5207\u5730\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u5f53\u6e05\u6f88\u7684\u6c49\u6c34\u7ed9\u4e2d\u539f\u3001\u534e\u5317\u548c\u4eac\u6d25\u5927\u5730\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u7247\u6ecb\u6da6\u65f6\uff0c\u5f53\u4eba\u4eec\u6b23\u559c\u5730\u7aef\u8d77\u4ece\u9065\u8fdc\u7684\u9102\u897f\u5317\u6d41\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u676f\u5e7d\u84dd\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u5fd8\u8bb0\u4e3a\u6b64\u800c\u4e24\u5ea6\u5949\u732e\u5bb6\u56ed\u548c\u571f\u5730\u7684\u5e93\u533a\u4eba\u6c11\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u5fd8\u8bb0\u4ed6\u4eec\u51e0\u4ee3\u4eba\u5728\u534a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u91cc\u7ecf\u53d7\u7684\u78e8\u96be\u548c\u727a\u7272\u3002<span>&rdquo;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\n<i>\u539f\u6587\u520a\u8f7d\u4e8e10\u670830\u65e5\u300a<a href=\"https:\/\/xzb.zhiyin.com.cn\/\"><span>\u65b0\u5468\u62a5<\/span><\/a>\u300b\uff0c\u7ecf\u4e2d\u5916\u5bf9\u8bdd\u7f16\u8f91<\/i><\/p>\n<p>\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u81ea\u300a\u65b0\u5468\u62a5\u300b<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"1296571920741E\" style=\"display: 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