{"id":41616,"date":"2012-11-06T17:45:00","date_gmt":"2012-11-06T17:45:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-06-22T23:04:58","modified_gmt":"2020-06-22T23:04:58","slug":"41616","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/zh\/7\/41616\/","title":{"rendered":"\u79d1\u6280\u624d\u662f\u81ed\u6c27\u5c42\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u6551\u661f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u76f8\u5173\u9605\u8bfb\uff1a<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chinadialogue.net\/article\/show\/single\/ch\/5295-The-world-s-governments-saved-the-ozone-layer-They-can-save-the-climate-too-\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u300a\u8499\u7279\u5229\u5c14\u516c\u7ea6\u300b\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u542f\u793a<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u56fd\u7b7e\u8ba2\u4e86\u300a<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Montreal_Protocol\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span><span>\u8499\u7279\u5229\u5c14\u7834\u574f\u81ed\u6c27\u5c42\u7269\u8d28\u7ba1\u5236\u8bae\u5b9a\u4e66<\/span><\/span><\/a>\u300b\u3002\u4ece\u6b64\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6761\u7ea6\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u6210\u529f\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u73af\u4fdd\u6848\u4f8b\u3002\u5728\u63d0\u5230\u4e0e\u6c14\u5019\u8c08\u5224\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6559\u8bad\u65f6\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u5206\u6790\u8005\u4eec\u63d0\u5230\u6700\u591a\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u6216\u8bb8\u4e5f\u662f\u5b83\u3002<span><\/p>\n<p><\/span>\u4e00\u822c\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u904f\u5236\u81ed\u6c27\u8017\u7aed\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u662f\u6309\u7167\u4e0b\u5217\u987a\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff1a\u6c2f\u6c1f\u70c3\u7834\u574f\u81ed\u6c27\u5c42\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u88ab\u786e\u5b9a\u540e\uff0c\u5148\u662f\u516c\u4f17\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u91c7\u53d6\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u610f\u613f\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u8c08\u5224\u5e76\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u56fd\u9645\u8bae\u5b9a\u4e66\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u653f\u6cbb\u884c\u52a8\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u4f17\u591a\u6c2f\u6c1f\u70c3\u66ff\u4ee3\u7269\u7684\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u660e\u3002<span><\/p>\n<p><\/span>\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0&ldquo;\u5267\u60c5&rdquo;\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u73af\u8282\u4e0a\u90fd\u4e0e\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u6709\u6240\u51fa\u5165\u3002<span><\/p>\n<p><\/span><b>\u8206\u8bba\u5e76\u975e\u63a8\u52a8\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u7d20<span><\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/b>1987\u5e7412\u6708\u52301988\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u6c11\u610f\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u6b63\u5728\u8003\u8651\u8499\u7279\u5229\u5c14\u8bae\u5b9a\u4e66\u3002\u8c03\u67e5\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u81ed\u6c27\u8017\u7aed\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u5ea6\u572828\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u6392\u5728\u7b2c14\u4f4d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e0d\u523050%\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u5bf9\u8be5\u95ee\u9898&ldquo;\u4e25\u91cd\u5173\u5207&rdquo;\uff0c\u8fdc\u4e0d\u5982\u5bf9\u571f\u5730\u6d41\u5931\u548c\u81ea\u6765\u6c34\u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u5f3a\u70c8\u3002<span><\/p>\n<p><\/span>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u6c11\u610f\u8c03\u67e5\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u524d\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u8bae\u5b9a\u4e66\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u540e\u6279\u51c6\u3002\u4e0e\u5176\u5b83\u73af\u5883\u95ee\u9898\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u8206\u8bba\u5bf9\u4e8e\u81ed\u6c27\u8017\u7aed\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u5e76\u4e0d\u7a81\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5145\u5206\u8bf4\u660e\u5e76\u975e\u53ea\u6709\u88ab\u516c\u4f17\u5f53\u6210\u7b2c\u4e00\u8981\u52a1\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u624d\u4f1a\u4ed8\u8bf8\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5173\u4e8e\u81ed\u6c27\u8017\u7aed\u8206\u8bba\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u4e0d\u5168\u9762\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u9c9c\u660e\u5730\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u4e00\u70b9\uff1a\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u4fdd\u62a4\u81ed\u6c27\u5c42\u653f\u7b56\u4ed8\u8bf8\u884c\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5173\u5207\u5e76\u4e0d\u6bd4\u8fc7\u53bb\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\u5bf9\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u5173\u5207\u66f4\u5927\u3002<span><\/p>\n<p><\/span>\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u8206\u8bba\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u8fdb\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u89c2\u70b9\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.soc.washington.edu\/users\/burstein\/Burstein_2010_Policy_Opinion_Democracy.pdf\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span><span>\u534e\u76db\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u4fdd\u7f57&middot;\u4f2f\u65af\u5766<\/span><\/span><\/a>\u5bf936\u9879\u6709\u8206\u8bba\u6570\u636e\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u56fd\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u516c\u4f17\u652f\u6301\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u91c7\u53d6\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u53ea\u670950%\uff0c\u516c\u4f17\u53cd\u5bf9\u610f\u89c1\u5bf9\u4e8e\u56fd\u4f1a\u653f\u7b56\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8981\u6bd4\u652f\u6301\u610f\u89c1\u66f4\u5927\u3002<span><\/p>\n<p><\/span>\u4ece\u66f4\u5e7f\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5173\u4e8e\u81ed\u6c27\u5c42\u95ee\u9898\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8868\u660e\uff0c1977\u5e74\u52301985\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u548c\u524d\u82cf\u8054\u56db\u56fd\u5c31\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u6846\u67b6\u5f62\u6210\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u81ed\u6c27\u8017\u7aed\u7684\u65b0\u95fb\u62a5\u9053\u6781\u5c11\u30021982\u5e74\uff0c\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\u4e0a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u5927\u7ea620\u7bc7\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u671f\u95f410\u5bb6\u9876\u5c16\u5927\u62a5\u4e0a\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u6570\u91cf\u6700\u591a\u7684\u4e86\u3002<span><\/p>\n<p><\/span>\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5728\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5f62\u6210\u516c\u4f17\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u5bf9\u81ed\u6c27\u8017\u7aed\u95ee\u9898\u8fd8\u4e00\u65e0\u6240\u77e5\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u8054\u5408\u884c\u52a8\u5c31\u8fbe\u6210\u4e86\u3002<span><\/p>\n<p><\/span><b>\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u5e76\u975e\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u969c\u788d<span><\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/b>1974\u5e74\uff0c <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mario_J._Molina\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span><span>\u9a6c\u91cc\u5965&middot;\u83ab\u91cc\u7eb3<\/span><\/span><\/a>\u548c<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/F._Sherwood_Rowland\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span><span>\u8bbe\u4f0d\u5fb7&middot;\u7f57\u5170<\/span><\/span><\/a>\u5728\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6c2f\u6c1f\u70c3\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5730\u7403\u81ed\u6c27\u5c42\u9020\u6210\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u8bbd\u523a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6b64\u524d\u6c2f\u6c1f\u70c3\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u9014\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5316\u5de5\u539f\u6599\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8fdb\u884c\u5236\u51b7\u3002\u83ab\u91cc\u7eb3\u548c\u7f57\u5170\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5316\u5b66\u54c1\u5e76\u4e0d\u50cf\u4e4b\u524d\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u5371\u9669\u3002<span><\/p>\n<p><\/span>\u8bba\u6587\u53d1\u8868\u540e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\u51e0\u4e4e\u9a6c\u4e0a\u5c31\u505a\u51fa\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5728\u5e74\u5e95\u524d\u5c31\u4e3e\u884c\u4e86\u542c\u8bc1\u4f1a\u3002\u798f\u7279\u653f\u5e9c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86&ldquo;\u5e73\u6d41\u5c42\u5931\u8bef\u7ea0\u6b63&rdquo;\u4e13\u95e8\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ec4\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\u8bf4&ldquo;\u6392\u653e\u5230\u5927\u6c14\u4e2d\u7684\u78b3\u6c1f\u5316\u5408\u7269\u503c\u5f97\u5f15\u8d77\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684\u5173\u5207&rdquo;\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae&ldquo;\u8054\u90a6\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u6784\u542f\u52a8\u89c4\u5219\u5236\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u5bf9\u78b3\u6c1f\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4f7f\u7528\u8fdb\u884c\u9650\u5236\u7684\u6cd5\u89c4&rdquo;\u3002<span><\/p>\n<p><\/span>\u56fd\u4f1a\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u9010\u6b65\u63a8\u8fdb\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5904\u7406\u6c2f\u6c1f\u70c3\u4e0d\u592a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7528\u9014\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u90a3\u4e9b\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u627e\u5230\u6280\u672f\u66ff\u4ee3\u54c1\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\u6401\u7f6e\u4e86\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u9014\u4e0a\u66f4\u96be\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9886\u57df\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u66ff\u4ee3\u7269\u3002\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b49\u5230\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u5728\u81ed\u6c27\u8017\u7aed\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff08\u5982\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3001\u539f\u56e0\u53ca\u5176\u672a\u6765\u5f71\u54cd\uff09\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\u518d\u91c7\u53d6\u884c\u52a8\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u5728\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u4ee5\u53ca\u8499\u6627\uff08\u5c31\u8fde\u662f\u5426\u6709\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u4e5f\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\uff09\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u5c31\u4f5c\u51fa\u51b3\u7b56\u3002<span><\/p>\n<p><\/span>\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u300180\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\u5fd9\u4e8e\u5c31\u9020\u6210\u81ed\u6c27\u8017\u7aed\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u54c1\u5236\u5b9a\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4f17\u591a\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u5173\u4e8e\u81ed\u6c27\u8017\u7aed\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u30021982\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u62a5\u544a\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u81ed\u6c27\u8017\u7aed\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u6216\u8bb8\u5e76\u4e0d\u50cf\u539f\u6765\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\u90a3\u4e48\u5927\u3002\u8fd9\u8ba9\u56fd\u4f1a\u4e2d\u90a3\u4e9b\u53cd\u5bf9\u53d6\u7f14\u6c2f\u6c1f\u70c3\u7684\u8bae\u5458\u5982\u83b7\u81f3\u5b9d\u3002<span><\/p>\n<p><\/span>\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u5bf9\u81ed\u6c27\u5c42\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u6027\u62b1\u6709\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5927\u611f\u632f\u594b\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u56fd\u4f1a\u96c6\u4e2d\u529b\u91cf\u6267\u884c&ldquo;\u4e0d\u540e\u6094&rdquo;\u653f\u7b56\uff08\u4e0d\u7ba1\u672a\u6765\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u53ea\u4e00\u5473\u843d\u5b9e\uff09\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u6ca1\u6709\u653e\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u653e\u5728\u653f\u7b56\u9009\u62e9\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u505a\u6cd5\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u6c2f\u6c1f\u70c3\u66ff\u4ee3\u7269\u7684\u53d1\u660e\uff0c\u8ba9\u653f\u6cbb\u884c\u52a8\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5c0f\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6548\u76ca\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002<span><\/p>\n<p><\/span>\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u884c\u52a8\u6020\u60f0\u7684\u7406\u7531\u6216\u8005\u653f\u6cbb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5fc5\u987b\u514b\u670d\u7684\u969c\u788d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u81ed\u6c27\u8017\u7aed\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u5386\u53f2\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff1a\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u6709\u6548\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u969c\u788d\u3002<span><\/p>\n<p><\/span><b>\u6280\u672f\u4fc3\u8fdb\u653f\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target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DuPont#Chlorofluorocarbons\" rel=\"noopener 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