{"id":41683,"date":"2012-12-20T10:09:00","date_gmt":"2012-12-20T10:09:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-06-22T23:05:18","modified_gmt":"2020-06-22T23:05:18","slug":"41683","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/zh\/4\/41683\/","title":{"rendered":"\u7f8e\u56fd\u62c6\u575d\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u542f\u793a"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span>\u9762\u5bf9\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u4e9a\u6d32\u7b49\u5730\u533a\u7684\u6c34\u7535\u652f\u6301\u8005\u603b\u4f1a\u63d0\u51fa\u7f8e\u56fd\u53d1\u5c55\u6c34\u7535\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u8fa9\u62a4\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u90fd\u5efa\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u6c34\u575d\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>&ldquo;\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6709\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u6c34\u575d\uff0c\u8981\u662f\uff08\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6c34\u575d\u90fd\uff09\u4e00\u65e0\u662f\u5904\uff0c\u5e72\u561b\u4e0d\u5e72\u8106\u90fd\u62c6\u6389\u5462\uff1f&rdquo;\u8001\u631d\u80fd\u6e90\u4e0e\u77ff\u4ea7\u90e8\u526f\u90e8\u957f<span>\u7ef4\u62c9\u5f6d&middot;\u7ef4\u62c9\u51af\u5728\u4eca\u5e74\u5341\u6708\u4e00\u6b21\u8bba\u575b\u4e0a\u8c08\u5230\u8be5\u56fd<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/laos-forges-ahead-with-controversial-mekong-dam\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u9887\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u6c34\u575d\u9879\u76ee<\/span><\/a>\u65f6\u8868\u793a\u3002<span><\/p>\n<p>\u4eca\u5e74\u4e94\u6708\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c34\u529b\u53d1\u7535\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b66\u4f1a\u526f\u79d8\u4e66\u957f\u5f20\u535a\u5ead\u56de\u5e94\u5916\u754c\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u6c34\u91cc\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u897f\u5357\u5730\u533a\u4fee\u5efa\u6c34\u575d\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u63f4\u5f15<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.chinadialogue.net\/article\/show\/single\/ch\/5021-Jinsha-dam-plans-stoke-old-rows\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50<\/span><\/a>\u8bc1\u660e\u4fee\u5efa\u6c34\u575d\u662f\u6b63\u5e38\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\uff08\u9519\u8bef\u5730\uff09\u6307\u51fa\u5355\u7f8e\u56fd\u7530\u7eb3\u897f\u6cb3\u4e0a\u5c31\u670970<span>\u5ea7\u6c34\u7535\u5927\u575d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5176\u957f\u8fbe\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5efa\u575d\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u5230\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6559\u8bad\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5f88\u591a\u9879\u76ee\u5728\u53d1\u7535\u3001\u9632\u6d2a\u548c\u704c\u6e89\u65b9\u9762\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u4f46\u5916\u754c\u7684\u6c34\u575d\u652f\u6301\u8005\u5f80\u5f80\u6ca1\u6709\u770b\u5230\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u633d\u6551\u90a3\u4e9b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5931\u8bef\u7684\u6c34\u575d\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u635f\u5931\u4e0a\u82b1\u8d39\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u8d44\u91d1\u548c\u7cbe\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u622a\u81f32011\u5e74\uff0c\u5168\u7f8e\u62c6\u9664\u6c34\u575d\u6570\u76ee\u7d2f\u8ba1\u8fbe\u5230\u4e00\u5343\u5ea7\uff0c\u5355\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\u5c31\u62c6\u9664\u4e86430\u5ea7\u5927\u575d\u3002\u62c6\u9664\u6c34\u575d\u4ef7\u683c\u4e0d\u83f2&mdash;&mdash;\u6709\u65f6\u6210\u672c\u751a\u81f3\u9ad8\u5f97\u60ca\u4eba&mdash;&mdash;\u4f46\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u73af\u4fdd\u4eba\u58eb\u4e00\u81f4\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u6c34\u575d\u4e3a\u5bb3\u592a\u5927\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u7559\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u521a\u521a\u5f00\u59cb\u4fee\u5efa\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6c34\u7535\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u73af\u4fdd\u4eba\u58eb\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u90fd\u53d1\u51fa\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5fe0\u544a\uff1a\u4e0d\u8981\u91cd\u8e48\u8986\u8f99\u3002<\/p>\n<p><\/span>&ldquo;\u5728\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u5efa\u8bbe\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u60e8\u75db\u7684\u6559\u8bad\uff0c&rdquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.state.gov\/secretary\/rm\/2012\/07\/194957.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u5e0c\u62c9\u91cc&middot;\u514b\u6797\u987f\u4eca\u5e74\u4e03\u6708\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u6e44\u516c\u6cb3\u5730\u533a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u5982\u662f\u8bf4<\/span><\/a>\u3002&ldquo;\u8001\u5b9e\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u72af\u8fc7\u5f88\u591a\u9519\u8bef\u3002&rdquo;<span><\/p>\n<p><\/span><b>\u5386\u53f2<\/b><b><span><\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/b>\u7f8e\u56fd\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6c34\u575d\u6570\u91cf\u7b2c\u4e8c\u591a\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ec5\u6b21\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/geo.usace.army.mil\/pgis\/f?p=397:12:\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u6839\u636e\u7f8e\u56fd\u9646\u519b\u5de5\u7a0b\u5175\u56e2\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1<\/span><\/a>\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5168\u56fd\u5171\u6709\u7ea67.9<span>\u4e07\u5ea7\u6c34\u575d\uff0c\u8fd9\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u90a3\u4e9b\u89c4\u6a21\u592a\u5c0f\u800c\u672a\u5217\u5165\u7edf\u8ba1\u540d\u5355\u7684\u6c34\u7535\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ea6\u67092500\u5ea7\u6c34\u575d\u5177\u6709\u53d1\u7535\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><\/span>20<span>\u4e16\u7eaa\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c34\u575d\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u9ec4\u91d1\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002\u65f6\u4efb\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u897f\u5965\u591a&middot;\u7f57\u65af\u798f1908\u5e74\u5199\u9053\uff1a&ldquo;\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5730\u5229\u7528\u6bcf\u6761\u6cb3\u6d41\u7684\u6c34\u529b&rdquo;\uff0c\u800c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5efa\u575d\u70ed\u6f6e\u51e0\u4e4e\u5e2d\u5377\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u8981\u6cb3\u6d41\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5efa\u575d\u5927\u6f6e\u4e2d\u8bde\u751f\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e24\u5ea7\u6c34\u7535\u7ad9\uff1a1936\u5e74\u7ae3\u5de5\u3001\u4f4d\u4e8e\u79d1\u7f57\u62c9\u591a\u6cb3\u4e0a\u7684<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%83%A1%E4%BD%9B%E6%B0%B4%E5%A3%A9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u80e1\u4f5b\u5927\u575d<\/span><\/a>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca1942<span>\u5e74\u7ae3\u5de5\u3001\u4f4d\u4e8e\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u6cb3\u4e0a\u7684<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%A4%A7%E5%8F%A4%E5%8A%9B%E6%B0%B4%E5%9D%9D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u5927\u53e4\u529b\u6c34\u575d<\/span><\/a>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u5ea7\u6c34\u575d\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c34\u529b\u53d1\u7535\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002\uff08\u6b63\u5982\u53cd\u5bf9\u65b0\u5efa\u6c34\u575d\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u9002\u5b9c\u4fee\u5efa\u6c34\u575d\u7684\u5730\u5740\u5f88\u4e45\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u5229\u7528\u5b8c\u4e86\u3002\uff09<span><\/p>\n<p><\/span>\u4f46\u662f\u81ea\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa\u516d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5efa\u575d\u8fd0\u52a8\u52bf\u5934\u51cf\u7f13\u3002\u5305\u62ec1968<span>\u5e74\u51fa\u53f0\u7684\u300a<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fws.gov\/laws\/lawsdigest\/wildriv.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u81ea\u7136\u4e0e\u98ce\u666f\u6cb3\u6d41\u6cd5\u6848<\/span><\/a>\u300b\u4ee5\u53ca1969<span>\u5e74\u51fa\u53f0\u7684\u300a<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ceq.hss.doe.gov\/nepa\/regs\/nepa\/nepaeqia.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u56fd\u5bb6\u73af\u5883\u653f\u7b56\u6cd5<\/span><\/a>\u300b\u5728\u5185\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8054\u90a6\u7acb\u6cd5\u8feb\u4f7f\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5728\u5c55\u5f00\u6c34\u5229\u8bbe\u65bd\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e4b\u524d\u8003\u8651\u9879\u76ee\u5bf9\u6cb3\u6d41\u7684\u751f\u6001\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<span><\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u6c34\u575d\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u9ad8\u6210\u672c\u8d8a\u53d1\u654f\u611f\uff0c\u73af\u4fdd\u610f\u8bc6\u65e5\u76ca\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u538b\u529b\u4e5f\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&ldquo;\u6211\u4eec\u7ecf\u5386\u4e861900\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\u548c\u4e2d\u671f\u7684\u5efa\u575d\u5927\u6f6e\u4e4b\u540e\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c&lsquo;\u554a\uff0c\u539f\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u4fee\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5927\u575d\u4ed8\u51fa\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e48\u5927\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7&rsquo;\uff0c&rdquo;\u73af\u4fdd\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanrivers.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u7f8e\u56fd\u6cb3\u6d41\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/span><\/a>\u5973\u53d1\u8a00\u4eba\u827e\u7c73&middot;\u67ef\u4f2f\u5c14\u8868\u793a\u3002<span><\/p>\n<p><b>\u6c34\u575d\u4e4b\u5bb3<\/p>\n<p><\/b>\u4ece\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5927\u575d\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u6cb3\u6d41\u53d8\u6210\u6c34\u5e93\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u751f\u6001\u73af\u5883\u5f71\u54cd\u91cd\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u571f\u58e4\u6c89\u79ef\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u5927\u575d\u4e24\u4fa7\u4e0a\u524d\u82f1\u91cc\u7684\u571f\u5730\u3002\u6e29\u5ea6\u53d8\u5316\u51e0\u5ea6\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7834\u574f\u6574\u4e2a\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u9c7c\u7c7b\u8fc1\u5f99\u53d7\u963b\u65e0\u8bba\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7269\u79cd\u672c\u8eab\u8fd8\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9c7c\u7c7b\u4e3a\u98df\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u90fd\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u707e\u96be\u6027\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7f8e\u56fd\u897f\u5317\u90e8\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u6cbf\u5cb8\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u90e8\u843d\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f20\u8bf4\uff1a<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nps.gov\/olym\/naturescience\/elwha-ecosystem-restoration.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u827e\u5c14\u534e\u6cb3<\/span><\/a>\u91cc\u66fe\u7ecf\u6e38\u6ee1\u4e86\u9c91\u9c7c\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u8e29\u7740\u9c7c\u80cc\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fc7\u6cb3\u3002\u81ea\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u65e9\u671f\u5efa\u575d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u827e\u5c14\u534e\u6cb3\u4e2d\u7684\u9c91\u9c7c\u79cd\u7fa4\u6570\u91cf\u5df2\u7ecf\u51cf\u5c11\u4e8690%<span>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u80e1\u4f5b\u5927\u575d\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5927\u578b\u5efa\u7b51\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5341\u5206\u5b8f\u4f1f\uff0c\u4f46\u6c34\u575d\u7684\u5bff\u547d\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\u3002\u6c34\u575d\u7684\u7ef4\u62a4\u6709\u65f6\u5341\u5206\u6602\u8d35&mdash;&mdash;\u800c\u4e14\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u96be\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u5e94\u8be5\u7531\u8054\u90a6\u8fd8\u662f\u7531\u5dde\u6216\u8005\u5730\u65b9\u90e8\u95e8\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ef4\u62a4\u6c34\u575d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&ldquo;\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u6c34\u575d\u6700\u7ec8\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4ef7\u503c\u4e4b\u540e\u4fbf\u88ab\u9057\u5f03\uff0c&rdquo;\u66fe\u53c2\u4e0e<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fossil_Creek\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span>\u5316\u77f3\u6eaa<\/span><\/a>\u6c34\u575d\u79fb\u9664\u548c\u6062\u590d\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u5317\u4e9a\u5229\u6851\u90a3\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u7b80&middot;C<span>&middot;\u9a6c\u514b\u65af\u8bf4\u3002&ldquo;\u5f88\u591a\u6cb3\u6d41\u90fd\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u65e0\u7f18\u65e0\u6545\u5730\u5c31\u88ab\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u3002&rdquo;<\/p>\n<p><b>\u62c6\u575d<\/p>\n<p><\/b>\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u4e0a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u662f\u5efa\u575d\u7684\u9ec4\u91d1\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u672c\u4e16\u7eaa\u65e9\u671f\u4fbf\u662f\u62c6\u575d\u7684\u9ec4\u91d1\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&ldquo;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u60f3\u8981\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u6536\u76ca\u548c\u6210\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u65b0\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c&rdquo;\u7f8e\u56fd<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.usbr.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener 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href=\"https:\/\/www.hydroreform.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener 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