{"id":43086,"date":"2016-03-08T17:33:00","date_gmt":"2016-03-08T17:33:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-06-22T23:13:09","modified_gmt":"2020-06-22T23:13:09","slug":"43086","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/zh\/7\/43086\/","title":{"rendered":"PM2.5\u6709\u671b\u9996\u6b21\u5199\u5165\u201c\u5341\u4e09\u4e94\u201d\u89c4\u5212"},"content":{"rendered":"<p dir=\"ltr\"><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-d589fa34-574d-46eb-fac0-aaadc1ba2e32\"><strong>\u7a7a\u6c14\u6c61\u67d3\u9632\u6cbb\u4e3a\u91cd\u4e2d\u4e4b\u91cd<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>2016\u5e743\u67085\u65e5\uff0c\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u603b\u7406\u674e\u514b\u5f3a\u5728\u5411\u5341\u4e8c\u5c4a\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u5927\u56db\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u9648\u8ff0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/guoqing.china.com.cn\/2016-03\/05\/content_37944298.htm\">\u300a\u653f\u5e9c\u5de5\u4f5c\u62a5\u544a\u300b<\/a>\u65f6\u63d0\u51fa &ldquo;\u91cd\u62f3\u6cbb\u7406\u5927\u6c14\u96fe\u973e\u548c\u6c34\u6c61\u67d3&rdquo;\u3002\u603b\u7406\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4eca\u540e\u4e94\u5e74\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u76ee\u6807\u662f\uff1a\u751f\u6001\u73af\u5883\u8d28\u91cf\u603b\u4f53\u6539\u5584\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u6cbb\u7406\u5927\u6c14\u96fe\u973e\u53d6\u5f97\u660e\u663e\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u5730\u7ea7\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0a\u57ce\u5e02\u7a7a\u6c14\u8d28\u91cf\u4f18\u826f\u5929\u6570\u6bd4\u7387\u8d85\u8fc780%\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-d589fa34-574d-46eb-fac0-aaadc1ba2e32\">\u674e\u514b\u5f3a\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u300a\u5341\u4e09\u4e94\u89c4\u5212\u7eb2\u8981\u8349\u6848\u300b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e8e\u672c\u5c4a\u4eba\u5927\u5f00\u5e55\u5f53\u5929\u63d0\u4ea4\u5927\u4f1a\u5ba1\u8bae\uff0c\u8349\u6848\u5168\u6587\u76ee\u524d\u6682\u672a\u516c\u5e03\u3002<\/span>\u7eb2\u8981\u660e\u786e\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5b9e\u65bd\u5927\u6c14\u6c61\u67d3\u9632\u6cbb\u91cd\u70b9\u5730\u533a\u6c14\u5316\u5de5\u7a0b\uff0c\u7ec6\u9897\u7c92\u7269\u6d53\u5ea6\u4e0b\u964d25%\u3002\u8fd9\u5c06\u662fPM2.5\u5177\u4f53\u6307\u6807\u9996\u6b21\u88ab\u5199\u5165\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u4e94\u5e74\u89c4\u5212\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-d589fa34-574d-46eb-fac0-aaadc1ba2e32\">\u674e\u514b\u5f3a\u5728\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u5c06\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u63aa\u65bd\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u51cf\u5c11\u71c3\u7164\u6392\u653e\u548c\u673a\u52a8\u8f66\u6392\u653e\uff1b\u52a0\u5f3a\u7164\u70ad\u6e05\u6d01\u9ad8\u6548\u5229\u7528\uff1b\u63a8\u8fdb\u4ee5\u7535\u4ee3\u7164\u3001\u4ee5\u6c14\u4ee3\u7164\uff1b\u589e\u52a0\u5929\u7136\u6c14\u4f9b\u5e94\uff0c\u5b8c\u5584\u98ce\u80fd\u3001\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u3001\u751f\u7269\u8d28\u80fd\u7b49\u53d1\u5c55\u6276\u6301\u653f\u7b56\uff1b\u63d0\u9ad8\u6e05\u6d01\u80fd\u6e90\u6bd4\u91cd\uff1b\u9f13\u52b1\u79f8\u79c6\u8d44\u6e90\u5316\u5229\u7528\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u76f4\u63a5\u711a\u70e7\uff1b\u5728\u91cd\u70b9\u533a\u57df\u5b9e\u884c\u5927\u6c14\u6c61\u67d3\u8054\u9632\u8054\u63a7\u7b49\u3002\u62a5\u544a\u8fd8\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u8981\u5927\u529b\u53d1\u5c55\u8282\u80fd\u73af\u4fdd\u4ea7\u4e1a\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u6253\u9020\u6210\u4e2d\u56fd\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u652f\u67f1\u4ea7\u4e1a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-d589fa34-574d-46eb-fac0-aaadc1ba2e32\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sppm.tsinghua.edu.cn\/\">\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u516c\u5171\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u9662<\/a><\/span>\u7684\u80e1\u978d\u94a2\u6559\u6388\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5341\u4e09\u4e94\u89c4\u5212\u5c06\u4f1a\u662f\u5177\u4f53\u8df5\u884c\u7eff\u8272\u53d1\u5c55\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u7eb2\u8981\u3002\u800c\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u653f\u7b56\u63aa\u65bd\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u76ee\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u5411\u66f4\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u9760\u62e2\u3002&ldquo;\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u7eff\u8272\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u964d\u4f4e\u8d44\u6e90\u80fd\u6e90\u6d88\u8017\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e3b\u8981\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u6392\u653e\u603b\u91cf\u5f7b\u5e95\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u8131\u94a9\uff0c\u5f7b\u5e95\u4e0e\u57ce\u9547\u5316\u53d1\u5c55\u8131\u94a9\uff0c\u4ece\u5168\u8981\u7d20\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u63d0\u9ad8TFP\uff0c&rdquo;\u80e1\u978d\u94a2\u6307\u51fa\u3002(TFP\u5373Total Factor Productivity, \u5168\u8981\u7d20\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\uff0c\u5373\u603b\u4ea7\u91cf\u4e0e\u5168\u90e8\u8981\u7d20\u6295\u5165\u91cf\u4e4b\u6bd4)<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-d589fa34-574d-46eb-fac0-aaadc1ba2e32\"><strong>\u6dd8\u6c70\u843d\u540e\u4ea7\u80fd\u662f\u5fc5\u7531\u4e4b\u8def<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u674e\u514b\u5f3a\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u5de5\u4f5c\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u603b\u7ed3\uff0c\u5728\u5341\u4e8c\u4e94\u89c4\u5212\u5b9e\u65bd\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ed3\u6784\u8c03\u6574\u53d6\u5f97\u6807\u5fd7\u6027\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u6210\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u5927\u4ea7\u4e1a\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u56fd\u5185\u751f\u4ea7\u603b\u503c\u80fd\u8017\u7d2f\u8ba1\u4e0b\u964d18.2%\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u6392\u653e\u91cf\u51cf\u5c1112%\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002\u52302020\u5e74\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u56fd\u5185\u751f\u4ea7\u603b\u503c\u7528\u6c34\u91cf\u3001\u80fd\u8017\u3001\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u6392\u653e\u91cf\u5c06\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5206\u522b\u4e0b\u964d23%\u300115%\uff0c18%\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u751f\u6001\u73af\u5883\u8d28\u91cf\u5c06\u603b\u4f53\u6539\u5584<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u9ad8\u8017\u80fd\u4ea7\u4e1a\u662f\u96fe\u973e\u7b49\u73af\u5883\u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u674e\u514b\u5f3a\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u63a8\u8fdb\u4f01\u4e1a\u517c\u5e76\u91cd\u7ec4\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u5728\u5316\u89e3\u8fc7\u5269\u4ea7\u80fd\u3002\u8fd13\u5e74\u6dd8\u6c70\u843d\u540e\u70bc\u94a2\u70bc\u94c1\u4ea7\u80fd9000\u591a\u4e07\u5428\u3001\u6c34\u6ce52.3\u4ebf\u5428\u3001\u5e73\u677f\u73bb\u74837600\u591a\u4e07\u91cd\u91cf\u7bb1\u3001\u7535\u89e3\u94dd100\u591a\u4e07\u5428\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u80e1\u978d\u94a2\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5341\u4e09\u4e94\u89c4\u5212\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5404\u7ea7\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u8fdb\u884c\u653f\u5e9c\u804c\u80fd\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u6839\u636e\u515a\u7684\u5341\u516b\u5c4a\u4e09\u4e2d\u5168\u4f1a\u754c\u5b9a\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f80\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u6709\u4e09\u9879\u4e3b\u8981\u804c\u80fd\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u5e02\u573a\u76d1\u7ba1\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u9700\u8981\u4e13\u95e8\u52a0\u4e0a\u7b2c\u56db\u9879\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u804c\u80fd\u5c31\u662f\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&ldquo;\u4ece\u5341\u4e09\u4e94\u89c4\u5212\u5236\u5b9a\u548c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb\u5404\u53bf\u90fd\u8bf4\u5de5\u4e1a\u5f3a\u53bf\uff0c\u5404\u5e02\u90fd\u8bf4\u5de5\u4e1a\u5f3a\u5e02\uff0c\u5404\u7701\u90fd\u8bf4\u5de5\u4e1a\u5f3a\u7701\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u5c06\u4f1a\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u7eff\u8272\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fdb\u5165\u7eff\u8272\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6dd8\u6c70\u9ed1\u732b\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u53bb\u4ea7\u80fd\uff0c\u5c06\u90a3\u4e9b\u8017\u80fd\u9ad8\u3001\u6c61\u67d3\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u6dd8\u6c70\u51fa\u5c40\uff0c&rdquo;\u80e1\u978d\u94a2\u5f3a\u8c03\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5341\u4e09\u4e94\u89c4\u5212\u4e2d\u662d\u793a\u7684\u65b0\u578b\u53d1\u5c55\u9053\u8def\u4e5f\u5145\u6ee1\u671f\u5f85\u3002<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wri.org\/\">\u4e16\u754c\u8d44\u6e90\u7814\u7a76\u6240<\/a>\u5e38\u52a1\u526f\u603b\u88c1Manish Bapna\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6709\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u65b9\u5f0f\u610f\u5473\u7740\u7eff\u8272\u53d1\u5c55\u4e4b\u8def\u3002\u4ed6\u672c\u4eba\u5f53\u7136\u60f3\u5728\u5341\u4e09\u4e94\u89c4\u5212\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u6709\u5173\u6e05\u6d01\u80fd\u6e90\u5229\u7528\uff0c\u7a7a\u6c14\u6c61\u67d3\u6cbb\u7406\uff0c\u690d\u6811\u9020\u6797\u4ee5\u53ca\u6c34\u571f\u6c61\u67d3\u6cbb\u7406\u65b9\u9762\u5927\u80c6\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4e5f\u66f4\u613f\u610f\u770b\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u5207\u5b9e\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-d589fa34-574d-46eb-fac0-aaadc1ba2e32\">&ldquo;\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u770b\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u66f4\u52a0\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u626d\u8f6c\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u63d0\u9ad8\u4f9b\u7ed9\u6765\u6ee1\u8db3\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e4b\u8def\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8981\u589e\u52a0\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u4f9b\u7ed9\u5c31\u8981\u591a\u4fee\u575d\uff0c\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u80fd\u6e90\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u8981\u591a\u5efa\u53d1\u7535\u5382\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u773c\u4e0b\u5e94\u8be5\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u51cf\u5c11\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u4e0e\u8d44\u6e90\u6d88\u8017\u8131\u94a9\u3002&rdquo;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4ee3\u8868\u59d4\u5458\u70ed\u8bae\u96fe\u973e\u6cbb\u7406<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4e24\u4f1a\u5f00\u5e55\u524d\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\u53d1\u5e03\u7a7a\u6c14\u91cd\u6c61\u67d3\u9ec4\u8272\u9884\u8b66\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u4e2d\u5c0f\u5b66\u3001\u5e7c\u513f\u56ed\u7b49\u5355\u4f4d\u505c\u6b62\u6237\u5916\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<\/span>\u653f\u534f\u59d4\u5458\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u6b4c\u5531\u5bb6<a 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