{"id":43168,"date":"2016-04-27T14:02:00","date_gmt":"2016-04-27T14:02:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-06-22T23:13:35","modified_gmt":"2020-06-22T23:13:35","slug":"43168","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/zh\/7\/43168\/","title":{"rendered":"\u7f8e\u56fd\u62c9\u592b\u8fd0\u6cb3\u707e\u96be\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p dir=\"ltr\"><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-9521338f-5809-c8c4-b38c-f83776e84331\">\u4e0a\u5468\uff0c\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a&ldquo;<\/span><a 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id=\"docs-internal-guid-9521338f-5809-c8c4-b38c-f83776e84331\">1978\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5dde\u536b\u751f\u5b98\u5458\u5ba3\u5e03<\/span>\u62c9\u592b\u8fd0<span>\u6cb3\u5730\u533a\u8fdb\u5165\u7d27\u6025\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5f53\u5730239\u6237\u5bb6\u5ead\u88ab\u5168\u90e8\u758f\u6563\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u5409\u7c73&middot;\u5361\u7279\uff08Jimmy Carter\uff09\u4e5f\u5ba3\u5e03\u4e86\u7d27\u6025\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u8be5\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u56e0\u4e3a\u6280\u672f\u707e\u96be\u800c\u5ba3\u5e03\u7d27\u6025\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u8fd8\u8d44\u52a9\u4e86\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u758f\u6563\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u5e2e\u52a9\u53e6\u5916780\u6237\u5c45\u6c11\u57281980\u5e743\u6708\u5b8c\u6210\u5f02\u5730\u5b89\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7231\u6cb3\u4e8b\u6545\u6700\u7ec8\u63a8\u52a8\u653f\u5e9c\u57281980\u5e74\u51fa\u53f0\u4e86<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/laws-regulations\/summary-comprehensive-environmental-response-compensation-and-liability-act\">\u300a\u73af\u5883\u5e94\u5bf9\u3001\u8d54\u507f\u548c\u8d23\u4efb\u5212\u5206\u7efc\u5408\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08\u7b80\u79f0CERCLA\uff09<\/a>\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u719f\u77e5\u7684&ldquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/education.nationalgeographic.org\/news\/superfund\/\">\u8d85\u7ea7\u57fa\u91d1<\/a>&rdquo;\u6cd5\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-9521338f-5809-c8c4-b38c-f83776e84331\">\u8054\u90a6&ldquo;\u8d85\u7ea7\u57fa\u91d1&rdquo;\u6cd5\u6848\u901a\u8fc7\u5411\u5316\u5de5\u548c\u77f3\u6cb9\u4f01\u4e1a\u5f81\u7a0e\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u603b\u989d\u4e3a16\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u57fa\u91d1\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6e05\u9664\u5267\u6bd2\u5e9f\u6599\u5806\u5f03\u573a\u9020\u6210\u7684\u73af\u5883\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8d85\u7ea7\u57fa\u91d1\u7531\u7f8e\u56fd<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www3.epa.gov\/\">\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\u7f72<\/a>\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u81ea\u5efa\u7acb\u4e4b\u65e5\u8d77\u5df2\u7ecf\u534f\u52a9\u5904\u7406\u4e86\u4e0a\u767e\u4e2a\u6709\u6bd2\u5316\u5de5\u6c61\u67d3\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-9521338f-5809-c8c4-b38c-f83776e84331\">2004\u5e74\uff0c<\/span>\u62c9\u592b\u8fd0<span>\u6cb3\u533a\u57df\u4ece\u8d85\u7ea7\u57fa\u91d1\u540d\u5355\u4e2d\u88ab<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2004\/03\/18\/nyregion\/love-canal-declared-clean-ending-toxic-horror.html?_r=0\">\u6b63\u5f0f\u79fb\u9664<\/a>\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u957f\u671f\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u5374\u4ece\u672a\u505c\u6b47\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-9521338f-5809-c8c4-b38c-f83776e84331\"><strong>\u540e\u7eed\u5f71\u54cd\u548c\u6559\u8bad<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u62c9\u592b\u8fd0<span>\u6cb3\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u663e\u7136\u662f<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/11\/25\/booming\/love-canal-and-its-mixed-legacy.html?_r=0\">\u597d\u574f\u53c2\u534a<\/a>\u3002\u4ece\u73af\u5883\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u7acb\u6cd5\u53f2\u4e0a\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u91cd\u5927\u707e\u96be\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e86\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u82b1\u8d39\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u7136\u800c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wbur.org\/2011\/05\/22\/ma-superfund-sites\">\u8bb8\u591a\u8d85\u7ea7\u57fa\u91d1\u6cbb\u7406\u8fc7\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u4ecd\u7136&ldquo;\u6bd2\u6027\u4e0d\u51cf&rdquo;<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-9521338f-5809-c8c4-b38c-f83776e84331\">\u4f01\u4e1a\u8fd8\u5728\u7ee7\u7eed\u6c61\u67d3\uff0c\u516c\u4f17\u4e5f\u53ea\u80fd\u7ee7\u7eed\u627f\u53d7\u3002\u7279\u522b\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5c11\u6570\u65cf\u88d4\u548c\u4f4e\u6536\u5165\u7fa4\u4f53\u6b63\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u5730\u6210\u4e3a\u73af\u5883\u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&ldquo;\u73af\u5883\u516c\u5e73\u4e4b\u7236&rdquo;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/drrobertbullard.com\/\">\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279&middot;\u5e03\u62c9\u5fb7<\/a>\u5c31\u66fe\u7a81\u51fa\u5f3a\u8c03\u8fc7\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684&ldquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ciesin.org\/docs\/010-278\/010-278chpt1.html\">\u9ed1\u8272\u62c9\u592b\u8fd0\u6cb3<\/a>&rdquo;\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\u73af\u5883\u4e0d\u516c\u73b0\u8c61\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u79cd\u65cf\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u975e\u5e38\u5bc6\u5207\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-9521338f-5809-c8c4-b38c-f83776e84331\"><strong>\u79cd\u65cf\u4e0e\u73af\u5883<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u73af\u5883\u4e0d\u516c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u65f6\u6709\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u80fd\u50cf<\/span>\u62c9\u592b\u8fd0<span>\u6cb3\u90a3\u6837\u53d7\u5230\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u5374\u5c11\u4e4b\u53c8\u5c11\u3002\u5317\u5361\u7f57\u6765\u7eb3\u5dde<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.duke.edu\/docst110s_01_s2011_sb211\/what-is-environmental-justice\/history\/\">\u6c83\u4f26\u53bf<\/a>\u9ed1\u4eba\u793e\u533a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/epawaste\/hazard\/tsd\/pcbs\/index.htm\">\u591a\u6c2f\u8054\u82ef<\/a>\u586b\u57cb\u573a\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff081973-1982\u5e74\uff09\u548c\u963f\u62c9\u5df4\u9a6c\u5dde<a href=\"https:\/\/www.umich.edu\/~snre492\/triana.html\">\u7279\u91cc\u4e9a\u7eb3<\/a>\u9ed1\u4eba\u793e\u533aDDT\u6c61\u67d3\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff081977-1982\u5e74\uff09\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u73af\u5883\u516c\u5e73\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5f00\u7aef\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u6c11\u6743\u8fd0\u52a8\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-9521338f-5809-c8c4-b38c-f83776e84331\">\u800c\u5bc6\u6b47\u6839\u5dde\u5f17\u6797\u7279\u5730\u533a<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2016\/mar\/23\/flint-water-crisis-taskforce-michigan-governor\">\u6301\u7eed\u4e86\u4e24\u5e74\u7684\u6c34\u6c61\u67d3\u5371\u673a<\/a>\u5219\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u8ddd\u79bb\u73b0\u5728\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u7f8e\u56fd\u73af\u5883\u4e0d\u516c\u4e11\u95fb\u30022016\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a&ldquo;\u5f17\u6797\u7279\u6c34\u7279\u9063\u90e8\u961f&rdquo;\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd<a href=\"https:\/\/www.michigan.gov\/documents\/snyder\/FWATF_FINAL_REPORT_21March2016_517805_7.pdf\">\u62a5\u544a<\/a>\u3002\u62a5\u544a\u6307\u51fa\u5728\u6c34\u6e90\u4fdd\u62a4\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5f53\u5730\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u9ed1\u4eba\u5c45\u6c11\u5e76\u672a\u5f97\u5230\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u793e\u533a\u5c45\u6c11\u540c\u7b49\u7684\u5f85\u9047\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-9521338f-5809-c8c4-b38c-f83776e84331\"><strong>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6ce2\u98ce\u6f6e<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c<\/span>\u62c9\u592b\u8fd0<span>\u6cb3\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u9634\u5f71\u5728\u5f53\u5730\u4ecd\u672a\u6d88\u6563\u3002\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7f3a\u4e4f\u73af\u5883\u98ce\u9669\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u5f53\u5730\u5f00\u53d1\u5546\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u4e89\u8bae\u58f0\u4e2d\u91cd\u65b0\u5f00\u76d8\u8fdb\u884c\u9500\u552e\u3002\u65b0\u5efa\u623f\u5c4b\u5c31\u5728\u66fe\u7ecf\u7684\u7231\u6cb3\u5730\u5e26\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6362\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a&ldquo;<\/span><a 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href=\"https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/money\/business\/2013\/11\/02\/suits-claim-love-canal-still-oozing-35-years-later\/3384259\/\">\u62c9\u592b\u8fd0\u6cb3\u5730\u533a\u56e0\u6709\u6bd2\u5316\u5de5\u6c61\u67d3\u5f71\u54cd\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8bc9\u8bbc\u6848\u4ef6\u6570\u91cf\u6301\u7eed\u4e0a\u5347<\/a>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9ed1\u6eaa\u5c0f\u9547\u5c45\u6c11\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u60a3\u4e0a\u4e86\u4e0e\u8fd9\u91cc\u524d\u4efb\u5c45\u6c11\u57281978\u5e74\u65f6\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u602a\u5f02\u75be\u75c5\u3002\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa\u62c9\u592b\u8fd0\u6cb3\u4e8b\u6545\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u7b14\u73af\u5883\u8865\u507f\u5728\u62d6\u5ef6\u4e86\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e<a href=\"https:\/\/www.niagara-gazette.com\/news\/local_news\/appellate-court-decision-dooms-love-canal-cases-to-decades-of\/article_87292a37-e3a8-54ce-8a6b-9ec327f22cfa.html\">\u624d\u57282005\u5e74\u6700\u7ec8<\/a>\u4e86\u7ed3\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6ce2\u7d22\u8d54<a 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href=\"https:\/\/www.investigativepost.org\/2016\/02\/10\/landfill-with-love-canal-legacy-still-poses-danger\/\">\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5dde\u7684\u5a01\u7279\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7<\/a>\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5c01\u9876\u52a0\u56fa\uff0c\u6b64\u540e\u5e76\u65e0\u6cc4\u6f0f\u4e8b\u6545\u62a5\u544a\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c2014\u5e74\u5bf9\u8be5\u5e9f\u6599\u573a\u7684\u6e05\u7406\u5374\u8ba9\u5f53\u5730\u571f\u5730\u7684\u53ef\u5229\u7528\u7b49\u7ea7\u4ece3\u7ea7\u4e0b\u964d\u5230\u4e862\u7ea7\u30022015\u5e74\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.buffalonews.com\/city-region\/wheatfield\/dec-reclassifies-wheatfield-landfill-as-significant-threat-to-public-health-20151222\">\u5a01\u7279\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u5e9f\u6599\u573a\u56e0\u5bf9\u5f53\u5730\u5c45\u6c11\u9020\u6210\u4e25\u91cd\u5a01\u80c1\u800c\u88ab\u8d85\u7ea7\u57fa\u91d1\u6536\u5f55\u5728\u518c<\/a>\u3002\u82b1\u8d39\u4e86\u5982\u6b64\u5468\u7ae0\u7adf\u7136\u6362\u6765\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u8fd9\u7b80\u76f4\u662f\u592a\u8bbd\u523a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span 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href=\"https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/alice-mah\/lessons-from-love-canal-toxic-expertise-and-environmental-justice\">\u516c\u4f17\u6839\u672c\u65e0\u4ece\u5f97\u77e5<\/a>\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u672c\u571f\u7684\u5371\u9669\u5316\u5de5\u5e9f\u6599\u573a\u5c31\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ece\u5168\u7403\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6570\u76ee\u6050\u6015\u5c31\u66f4\u52a0\u60ca\u4eba\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span 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