{"id":43706,"date":"2017-08-21T10:16:00","date_gmt":"2017-08-21T10:16:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-06-22T23:16:56","modified_gmt":"2020-06-22T23:16:56","slug":"43706","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/zh\/7\/43706\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4eba\u7c7b\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u544a\u522b\u6c34\u706b\u4e0d\u5165\u7684\u6c1f\u5316\u7269\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p dir=\"ltr\"><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-e9680693-0528-fb63-0f40-43c3f3ae4273\">\u4e00\u9879<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0160412010000371\">\u7814\u7a76<\/a>\u5bf9\u4e0a\u6d77110\u4f4d\u6bcd\u4eb2\u7684\u6bcd\u4e73\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u6837\u54c1\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u4e24\u79cd\u542b\u91cf\u8fbe\u5230\u8b66\u6212\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u9ad8\u6c1f\u5316\u5408\u7269\u6240\u6c61\u67d3\u3002\u6309\u7167\u7f8e\u56fd\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u54a8\u8be2\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u5982\u6b64\u9ad8\u7684\u542b\u91cf\uff0c\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u5212\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u7ea7\u522b\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u5373\u4fbf\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4e13\u5bb6\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u5efa\u8bae\u6bcd\u4e73\u5582\u517b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd8\u662f\u5229\u5927\u4e8e\u5f0a\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-e9680693-0528-fb63-0f40-43c3f3ae4273\">50<\/span>\u591a\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u4e00\u76f4\u751f\u4ea7\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4f9b\u81ea\u8eab\u548c\u5168\u7403\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5728\u5176\u6bd2\u6027\u4e3a\u4eba\u6240\u4e86\u89e3\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/assessing-and-managing-chemicals-under-tsca\/fact-sheet-20102015-pfoa-stewardship-program\">\u4f01\u4e1a\u81ea\u53d1\u505c\u6b62\u751f\u4ea7<\/a>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u5316\u5408\u7269\u56e0\u6b64\u9010\u6e10\u9000\u51fa\u4e86\u6d88\u8d39\u54c1\u7684\u821e\u53f0\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span 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id=\"docs-internal-guid-e9680693-0528-fb63-0f40-43c3f3ae4273\">PFOA<\/span>\u548cPFOS\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/strong><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-e9680693-0528-fb63-0f40-43c3f3ae4273\">PFOA<\/span>\u548cPFOS\u662f\u5168\u6c1f\u548c\u591a\u6c1f\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff08PFAS\uff09\u5bb6\u65cf\u4e2d\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6210\u5458\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9ad8\u6c1f\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u7528\u9014\u6781\u5e7f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u78b3\u6c1f\u952e\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5206\u88c2\u3002\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e9b\u78b3\u6c1f\u952e\u8fde\u63a5\u6210\u94fe\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u670d\u88c5\u3001\u5730\u6bef\u548c\u53a8\u5177\u4e0a\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u5c42\u9632\u6c34\u3001\u9632\u6cb9\u7684\u6d82\u5c42\uff0c\u5728\u9047\u6c34\u3001\u6781\u5ea6\u9ad8\u6e29\u3001\u957f\u671f\u66b4\u6652\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5206\u89e3\u6216\u892a\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-e9680693-0528-fb63-0f40-43c3f3ae4273\">\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5<\/span>\u7528\u6765\u751f\u4ea7\u575a\u56fa\u7684\u8010\u706b\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u7ecf\u53d7\u751a\u81f3\u6251\u706d\u98de\u673a\u4e0a\u7684\u9ad8\u6e29\u706b\u7130\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-e9680693-0528-fb63-0f40-43c3f3ae4273\">\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d85\u7fa4\u7684\u8010\u4e45\u6027\u65e2\u8ba9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7528\u9014\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u4e5f\u8ba9\u5176\u6781\u5177\u9690\u60a3\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u6570\u5343\u5e74\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u5f71\u54cd\u6211\u4eec\u548c\u5b50\u5b59\u540e\u4ee3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u9488\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c61\u67d3\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u793e\u533a\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5df2\u7ecf\u8868\u660e\uff0cPFOA\u548cPFOS\u6c61\u67d3\u4e0e<a href=\"https:\/\/www.c8sciencepanel.org\/\">\u5f88\u591a\u5065\u5eb7\u95ee\u9898<\/a>\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u777e\u4e38\u764c\u3001\u80be\u764c\u3001\u9ad8\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u3001\u6e83\u75a1\u6027\u7ed3\u80a0\u708e\u3001\u7532\u72b6\u817a\u75be\u75c5\u548c\u598a\u9ad8\u75c7\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-e9680693-0528-fb63-0f40-43c3f3ae4273\">\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u996e\u6c34\u548c\u98df\u7269\u4e2d\u6444\u53d6\u7684\u5fae\u91cf<\/span>PFOA\u548cPFOS\u65e5\u590d\u4e00\u65e5\u3001\u5e74\u590d\u4e00\u5e74\u5730\u5728\u8eab\u4f53\u4e2d\u79ef\u7d2f\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u987d\u56fa\u5730\u76d8\u8e1e\u5728\u8840\u86cb\u767d\u548c\u5173\u952e\u5668\u5b98\u4e2d\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u5c11\u91cf\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u66dd\u9732\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u5065\u5eb7\u4ea7\u751f\u6df1\u8fdc\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-e9680693-0528-fb63-0f40-43c3f3ae4273\">\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2072821\/\">98<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2072821\/\">%\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u8840\u6db2\u5185<\/a>\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u9ad8\u6c1f\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u8fdb\u884c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8bbe\u6709\u6c1f\u5316\u7269\u5de5\u5382\u7684\u8fbd\u5b81\u961c\u65b0\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5f53\u5730\u5c45\u6c11\u8840\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/full\/10.1021\/es102610x\">PFOA\u6d53\u5ea6<\/a>\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u76f8\u5f53\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-e9680693-0528-fb63-0f40-43c3f3ae4273\"><strong>\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ecf\u9a8c<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u9274\u4e8ePFOA\u548cPFOS\u7684\u6bd2\u6027\u548c\u5728\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u5185\u79ef\u7d2f\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u73af\u4fdd\u5c40\uff08EPA\uff09\u5236\u8ba2\u7684\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u5efa\u8bae\u4e0a\u9650\u4e3a70ppt\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6d53\u5ea6\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5965\u8fd0\u4f1a\u6e38\u6cf3\u6c60\u4e2d\u6ef4\u5165\u56db\u5c0f\u6ef4\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-e9680693-0528-fb63-0f40-43c3f3ae4273\">2016<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7600\u4e07\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u8fbe\u4e0d\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6c34\u6e90\u666e\u904d\u53d7\u5230\u6c1f\u5316\u7269\u5de5\u5382\u548c\u5e9f\u7269\u5904\u7406\u573a\u6392\u653e\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u6c1f\u5316\u8010\u706b\u4ea7\u54c1\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6c61\u67d3\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-e9680693-0528-fb63-0f40-43c3f3ae4273\">\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6c1f\u5316\u7269\u6c61\u67d3\u6cbb\u7406\u6210\u672c\u5f88\u9ad8\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7a7a\u519b\u82b1\u8d39<\/span>1.37\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff089.1\u4ebf\u5143\u4eba\u6c11\u5e01\uff09\u5bf9\u519b\u4e8b\u57fa\u5730\u7684\u6c1f\u5316\u8010\u706b\u5236\u54c1\u6c61\u67d3\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u5168\u9762\u6c61\u67d3\u8865\u6551\u8d39\u7528\u8fd8\u8981\u9ad8\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u4e00\u5bb6\u5316\u5de5\u5382\u5bf9\u4fc4\u4ea5\u4fc4\u6cb3\u8c37\u7684\u6c61\u67d3\u5219\u5f15\u53d1\u4e863500\u591a\u8d77\u8bc9\u8bbc\uff0c\u603b\u8d54\u4ed8\u91d1\u989d\u9ad8\u8fbe6.7\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0845\u4ebf\u5143\u4eba\u6c11\u5e01\uff09\u3002\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u793e\u533a\u8d2d\u8fdb\u6d3b\u6027\u70ad\u8fc7\u6ee4\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u4fdd\u8bc1\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6682\u65f6\u6027\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5\u82b1\u6389\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-e9680693-0528-fb63-0f40-43c3f3ae4273\">\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u540e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u5927\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u5546\u5728<\/span>2000\u5e74\u540c\u610f\u9010\u6e10\u505c\u6b62PFOS\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u3002\u6b64\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e3b\u8981\u6c1f\u5316\u7269\u751f\u4ea7\u5546\u4e5f\u52a0\u5165\u4e86 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/assessing-and-managing-chemicals-under-tsca\/fact-sheet-20102015-pfoa-stewardship-program\">PFOA\u6d88\u51cf\u8ba1\u5212<\/a> \uff0c\u540c\u610f\u57282010\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\u5c06PFOA\u5de5\u5382\u6392\u653e\u548c\u4ea7\u54c1\u542b\u91cf\u6d88\u51cf95%\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e2015\u5e74\u5b8c\u5168\u505c\u4ea7\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-e9680693-0528-fb63-0f40-43c3f3ae4273\">\u4ece<\/span>1999\u5e74\u52302014\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u8840\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684PFOS\u6d53\u5ea6<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/exposurereport\/index.html\">\u964d\u4f4e\u4e8684%<\/a>\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u884c\u52a8\u529f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6ca1\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u51cf\u5c11\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u6c1f\u5316\u7269\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u624d\u521a\u521a\u5f00\u59cb\u30022017\u5e74\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u94f6\u884c\u6279\u51c6\u62e8\u6b3e2400\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\uff081.62\u4ebf\u5143\u4eba\u6c11\u5e01\uff09\u7528\u6765\u652f\u6301\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d88\u51cfPFOS\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-e9680693-0528-fb63-0f40-43c3f3ae4273\"><strong>\u77ed\u94fe\u6c1f\u5316\u7269\u66f4\u597d\u5417\uff1f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>PFOA\u548cPFOS\u90fd\u662f\u957f\u94fe\u7684C8\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u67098\u4e2a\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u94fe\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u968f\u7740\u7f8e\u56fd\u505c\u6b62C8\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u5382\u5546\u5f00\u59cb\u8f6c\u800c\u751f\u4ea7\u77ed\u94fe\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u8fd1\u4eb2\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u78b3\u94fe\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4ece8\u4e2a\uff08C8\uff09\u7f29\u77ed\u4e3a6\u52304\u4e2a\uff08C6\/C4\uff09\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span 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