{"id":43761,"date":"2017-10-05T10:09:00","date_gmt":"2017-10-05T10:09:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-06-22T23:17:18","modified_gmt":"2020-06-22T23:17:18","slug":"43761","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/zh\/1\/43761\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5927\u578b\u90ae\u8f6e\uff1a\u6c7d\u7b1b\u58f0\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u7a7a\u6c14\u6c61\u67d3\u5de8\u517d"},"content":{"rendered":"<p dir=\"ltr\"><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-93e771ac-ec01-521a-5238-98845498a2ae\">\u6beb\u65e0\u60ac\u5ff5\uff0c 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href=\"https:\/\/www.cruising.org\/docs\/default-source\/research\/clia-2016-asia-cruise-trends-report-.pdf\">\u884c\u4e1a\u62a5\u544a<\/a>\uff0c2015\u5e74\u90ae\u8f6e\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u8fd198.6\u4e07\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u6e38\u5ba2\uff0c\u5360\u6574\u4e2a\u4e9a\u6d32\u5730\u533a\u90ae\u8f6e\u51fa\u884c\u4eba\u6570\u7684\u8fd1\u4e00\u534a\u30022012\u5e74\u52302015\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u90ae\u8f6e\u6e38\u5ba2\u6570\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\u4e8677\u4e07\uff0c\u671f\u95f4\u5e74\u5e73\u5747\u589e\u957f\u7387\u8fbe66%\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-93e771ac-ec01-521a-5238-98845498a2ae\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ea6\u5728\u63a8\u52a8\u90ae\u8f6e\u65c5\u6e38\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.cn\/zhengce\/content\/2016-12\/26\/content_5152993.htm\">\u201c\u5341\u4e09\u4e94\u65c5\u6e38\u53d1\u5c55\u89c4\u5212\u201d<\/a>\u660e\u786e\u8981\u89c4\u5212\u5efa\u8bbe\u5e03\u5c40\u5408\u7406\u7684\u59cb\u53d1\u6e2f\u3001\u56fd\u9645\u90ae\u8f6e\u8bbf\u95ee\u6e2f\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u90ae\u8f6e\u6e2f\u53e3\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u5929\u6d25\u3001\u4e0a\u6d77\u3001\u5e7f\u5dde\u3001\u6df1\u5733\u3001\u53a6\u95e8\u4ee5\u53ca\u9752\u5c9b\u7b49\u90fd\u5728\u89c4\u5212\u4e4b\u5217\uff0c\u800c\u9760\u6cca\u4e0a\u6d77\u6e2f\u7684\u90ae\u8f6e<a href=\"https:\/\/kns.cnki.net\/KCMS\/detail\/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&amp;dbname=CJFDLAST2017&amp;filename=JMSA201711117&amp;v=MTQ3Njk5Yk5ybzVFWTRSOGVYMUx1eFlTN0RoMVQzcVRyV00xRnJDVVJMMmZidVJvRkNqbFVMdk5MeURZYjdHNEg=\">\u5360\u5168\u56fd\u7684\u4e94\u6210\u4ee5\u4e0a<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"factbox pull-right\">\n<header><\/header>\n<div class=\"content\">\n<div id=\"mc_embed_signup\">\n<form id=\"mc-embedded-subscribe-form\" class=\"validate\" action=\"\/\/chinadialogue.us1.list-manage.com\/subscribe\/post?u=6585f82da0cf6d1feb1edfd55&amp;id=5db8c84b96\" method=\"post\" name=\"mc-embedded-subscribe-form\" novalidate=\"\" target=\"_blank\">\n<div id=\"mc_embed_signup_scroll\">\n<p><strong>\u5927\u578b\u90ae\u8f6e\uff1a\u6c61\u67d3\u8d85\u4e4e\u60f3\u8c61<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/form>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u90ae\u8f6e\u76db\u4e16\u5230\u6765\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u6c61\u67d3\u95ee\u9898\u4ea6\u65e5\u6e10\u51f8\u663e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/pollution-cruise-ships-po-oceana-higher-piccadilly-circus-channel-4-dispatches-a7821911.html\">\u7532\u677f\u4e0a\u7684\u7a7a\u6c14<\/a>\u5e76\u4e0d\u65b0\u9c9c\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u7b2c\u56db\u9891\u9053\u300a\u6df1\u5ea6\u62a5\u9053\u300b\u5c31\u5728\u4eca\u5e747\u6708<a href=\"https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/pollution-cruise-ships-po-oceana-higher-piccadilly-circus-channel-4-dispatches-a7821911.html\">\u79d8\u5bc6\u68c0\u6d4b\u4e86\u4e00\u8258\u8f7d\u6709\u8fd12000\u4eba\u7684\u90ae\u8f6e<\/a>\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u7532\u677f\u4e0a\u90e8\u5206\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u9897\u7c92\u7269\u7684\u6d53\u5ea6\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5fb7\u91cc\u7b49\u4e25\u91cd\u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u800c\u9664\u4e86\u9897\u7c92\u7269\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u91cd\u6cb9\u7684\u8f6e\u8239\u8fd8\u5927\u91cf\u6392\u653e\u6c2e\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u548c\u786b\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-93e771ac-ec01-521a-5238-98845498a2ae\">\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u822a\u901f\u8981\u6c42\u4e0d\u9ad8\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u90ae\u8f6e\u7684\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u529f\u7387\u90fd\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u5ec9\u4ef7\u7684\u91cd\u6cb9\u76ee\u524d\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u90ae\u8f6e\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u71c3\u6599\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u516c\u76ca\u673a\u6784<\/span>\u81ea\u7136\u548c\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u4fdd\u62a4\u8054\u76df\uff08NABU\uff09\u6700\u8fd1\u5bf9\u6b27\u6d32\u822a\u884c\u768434\u8258\u90ae\u8f6e\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6e05\u6d01\u5ea6\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u6240\u6709\u90ae\u8f6e\u5168\u90e8\u4f7f\u7528\u91cd\u6cb9\u71c3\u6599\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ea\u6709\u4e24\u8258\u90ae\u8f6e\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86\u5e9f\u6c14\u6d17\u6da4\u5668\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u50ac\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u88c5\u7f6e\uff08\u4e00\u79cd\u8131\u785d\u88c5\u7f6e\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5c06\u5c3e\u6c14\u4e2d\u7684\u6c2e\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u8fd8\u539f\u6210\u6c2e\u6c14\u548c\u6c34\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-93e771ac-ec01-521a-5238-98845498a2ae\">\u800c\u636e\u5fb7\u56fd\u4ea4\u901a\u90e8\u524d\u73af\u5883\u5904\u4e3b\u4efbAxel Friedrich\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c \u201c\u4e00\u8258\u5927\u578b\u90ae\u8f6e\uff08one average ships\uff09\u6392\u653e\u7684\u5e9f\u6c14\u4e2d\u9897\u7c92\u7269\u542b\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2016\/may\/21\/the-worlds-largest-cruise-ship-and-its-supersized-pollution-problem\">\u8d85\u8fc7100\u4e07\u8f86\u6c7d\u8f66<\/a>\uff0c\u90a3\u4e5f\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u774019\u8258\u90ae\u8f6e\u7684\u6392\u653e\u91cf\u5c31\u53ef\u4e0e\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u5168\u56fd\u7684\u6c7d\u8f66\u5c3e\u6c14\u6392\u653e\u9f50\u5e73\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-93e771ac-ec01-521a-5238-98845498a2ae\">\u53bb\u5e74\u9996\u822a\u7684\u5168\u7403\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8c6a\u534e\u90ae\u8f6e\u3001\u6bcd\u6e2f\u5728\u5df4\u585e\u7f57\u90a3\u7684\u201c\u6d77\u6d0b\u548c\u8c10\u201d\u53f7\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ecd\u7136\u4f7f\u7528\u71c3\u6599\u6cb9\uff0c\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u5357\u5b89\u666e\u6566\u4e0b\u6d77\u65f6\u5c31\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2016\/may\/21\/the-worlds-largest-cruise-ship-and-its-supersized-pollution-problem\">\u8bf8\u591a\u4e89\u8bae<\/a>\u3002\u8fd9\u5ea7\u8f7d\u7740\u8fd19000\u4eba\u7684\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u201c\u6d77\u4e0a\u57ce\u5e02\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u6c61\u67d3\u6392\u653e\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e7.3\u4e07\u4e2a\u9ad8\u8017\u80fd\u5bb6\u5ead\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-93e771ac-ec01-521a-5238-98845498a2ae\">\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u90ae\u8f6e\u3002\u5168\u7403\u5927\u578b\u8239\u8236\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u71c3\u6599\u6cb9\u5f53\u524d\u5e73\u5747\u786b\u542b\u91cf\u4e3a1.9%\uff0819,000 PPM\uff09\uff0c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transportenvironment.org\/what-we-do\/shipping\/air-pollution-ships\">\u6700\u9ad8\u786b\u542b\u91cf\u53ef\u8fbe\u52303.5%<\/a>\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u5230\u4eca\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6c7d\u8f66\u7528\u6cb9\u786b\u542b\u91cf\u5c06\u4e0d\u5f97\u8d85\u8fc70.001 %\uff0810PPM\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n\u200b<br \/>\n<span id=\"docs-internal-guid-6555a3ca-ecc3-4de8-255e-9ae1cf9df666\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chinadialogue-production.s3.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/content_image\/content_image\/3410\/1-s2.0-S1352231017305563-gr3_lrg.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 100%;\" src=\"https:\/\/chinadialogue-production.s3.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/content_image\/content_image\/3410\/1-s2.0-S1352231017305563-gr3_lrg.jpg\" alt=\"2015\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u822a\u8fd0\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684PM2.5\u5730\u7406\u5206\u5e03\u56fe\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\uff1a\u516c\u65a4\uff0f\u5e73\u65b9\u516c\u91cc\u00a0\" \/><\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"caption\">2015\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u822a\u8fd0\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684PM2.5\u5730\u7406\u5206\u5e03\u56fe\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\uff1a\u516c\u65a4\uff0f\u5e73\u65b9\u516c\u91cc\u3002\u6765\u6e90\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S1352231017305563?via%3Dihub\">Atmospheric Environment<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-93e771ac-ec01-521a-5238-98845498a2ae\"><strong>\u6d77\u4e0a\u6765\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u6740\u624b<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u8239\u5458\u548c\u4e58\u5ba2\uff0c\u6e2f\u53e3\u5c45\u6c11\u540c\u6837\u53d7\u5230\u8239\u8236\u7a7a\u6c14\u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u3002\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u6bcf\u5e74\u6709<a href=\"https:\/\/www.transportenvironment.org\/what-we-do\/shipping\/air-pollution-ships\">\u8fd15\u4e07\u4eba<\/a>\u56e0\u4e3a\u8239\u8236\u7a7a\u6c14\u6c61\u67d3\u800c\u8fc7\u65e9\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6570\u636e\u5927\u7ea6<a href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/lfbfmah\">\u662f1.8\u4e07<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-93e771ac-ec01-521a-5238-98845498a2ae\">\u5bf9\u5728\u5168\u740310\u5927\u6e2f\u53e3\u4e2d\u5360\u67097\u4e2a\u5e2d\u4f4d\u3001\u4e14\u5927\u6e2f\u4e3b\u8981\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e0a\u6d77\u3001\u5e7f\u4e1c\u3001\u6d59\u6c5f\u7b49\u4eba\u53e3\u7a20\u5bc6\u533a\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8239\u8236\u6c61\u67d3\u5bf9\u6e2f\u53e3\u5c45\u6c11\u5065\u5eb7\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0d\u5bb9\u5c0f\u89d1\u3002\u8fd1\u671f\u53d1\u5e03\u7684<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2017.08.042\">\u4e00\u4efd\u8239\u8236\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u7814\u7a76\u6587\u7ae0\u79f0<\/a>\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4e1c\u90e8\u548c\u5357\u90e8\u6d77\u57df\u6210\u4e3a\u5168\u7403PM2.5\u548c\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u786b\u6392\u653e\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u533a\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-93e771ac-ec01-521a-5238-98845498a2ae\">\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7a7a\u6c14\u6c61\u67d3\u6cbb\u7406\u5f97\u529b\u3001\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u53bb\u5e74\u63d0\u524d\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86PM2.5\u4f4e\u4e8e35\u7684\u6df1\u5733\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u662f\u6e2f\u53e3\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.chinadialogue.net\/article\/show\/single\/ch\/8567-Beijing-s-car-controls-not-enough-to-beat-the-smog\">4\u6210\u7684\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u786b\u6765\u81ea\u8239\u8236\u6392\u653e<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-93e771ac-ec01-521a-5238-98845498a2ae\"><strong>\u8239\u8236\u71c3\u6599\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u7b49\u591a\u4e45\uff1f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u636eNABU<a href=\"https:\/\/en.nabu.de\/news\/2016\/21159.html\">\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/a>\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e9f\u6c14\u6d17\u6da4\u5668\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u50ac\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u88c5\u7f6e\u3001\u9897\u7c92\u7269\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u548c\u5cb8\u7535\u7cfb\u7edf\u7b49\u51cf\u5c11\u90ae\u8f6e\u5c3e\u6c14\u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e9\u5df2\u7814\u53d1\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u66f4\u6e05\u6d01\u7684\u84b8\u998f\u6cb9\u71c3\u6599\uff08\u786b\u542b\u91cf\u53ef\u4f4e\u4e8e0.1%\uff09\u4e5f\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u3002NABU\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u90ae\u8f6e\u516c\u53f8\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u8fdf\u8fdf\u4e0d\u91c7\u53d6\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u65e0\u975e\u662f\u96be\u820d\u9ad8\u989d\u5229\u6da6\u3002\u4e00\u4efd\u56fd\u9645\u6e05\u6d01\u8fd0\u8f93\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theicct.org\/alternatives-to-Arctic-HFO-use-economic-and-environmental-tradeoffs\">\u7814\u7a76\u62a5\u544a<\/a>\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5982\u8981\u5c06\u5317\u6781\u5708\u5185\u822a\u884c\u7684\u91cd\u6cb9\u8239\u8236\u5168\u90e8\u6539\u88c5\u66f4\u6e05\u6d01\u7684\u84b8\u998f\u6cb9\u5f15\u64ce\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5927\u7ea69\u767e\u4e07\u52301\u53431\u767e\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u800c\u6539\u88c5\u540e\u6bcf\u6761\u8239\u7684\u71c3\u6599\u6210\u672c\u4e5f\u5c06\u63d0\u9ad84%\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span 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