{"id":43969,"date":"2018-06-06T14:10:00","date_gmt":"2018-06-06T14:10:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-06-22T23:18:24","modified_gmt":"2020-06-22T23:18:24","slug":"43969","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/zh\/6\/43969\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6c34\u538b\u529b\uff1a\u770b\u5f85\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c34\u5371\u673a\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u89c6\u89d2"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chinadialogue.net\/article\/show\/single\/ch\/10583-China-is-heading-towards-a-water-crisis-will-government-changes-help-\">\u5f6d\u671d\u601d<\/a>\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chinadialogue.net\/article\/show\/single\/ch\/10628-Re-evaluating-China-s-water-crisis\">\u8428\u62c9&middot;\u7f57\u6770\u65af<\/a>\u5206\u522b\u4ece\u4e0d\u540c\u89d2\u5ea6\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u77ed\u7f3a\u72b6\u51b5\u548c\u5e94\u5bf9\u63aa\u65bd\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5206\u6790\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8bba\u8fa9\u3002\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u4eba\u5747\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u91cf\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6307\u6807\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4ee5\u53ca\u534e\u5317\u5730\u533a\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u72b6\u51b5\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u80fd\u591f\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e89\u8bba\u63d0\u4f9b\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c6\u89d2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5bf92001\u5e74\u81f32015\u5e74\u95f4\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c34\u538b\u529b\uff08water stress\uff09\u53d1\u5c55\u53d8\u5316\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8ffd\u8e2a\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u51fa\u6c34\u538b\u529b\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5dee\u5f02\u6027\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u5305\u62ec&ldquo;\u4e09\u6761\u7ea2\u7ebf&rdquo;\u7684\u6700\u4e25\u683c\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u51cf\u7f13\u751a\u81f3\u626d\u8f6c\u6c34\u538b\u529b\u7684\u52a0\u5267\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6709\u8d85\u8fc7<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wri.org.cn\/Water-Stress-of-China\">\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00<\/a>\u7684\u571f\u5730\u9762\u4e34\u9ad8\u6216\u6781\u9ad8\u7684\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u52aa\u529b\u5c06\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u957f\u7684\u6de1\u6c34\u9700\u6c42\u4e0e\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u53ef\u518d\u751f\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u4f9b\u5e94\u76f8\u5339\u914d\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u5145\u5206\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u538b\u529b\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5a01\u80c1&mdash;&mdash;\u7ecf\u6d4e\u505c\u6ede\uff0c\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u4f9d\u8d56\u578b\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7684\u6d88\u4ea1\u4ee5\u53ca\u8d44\u6e90\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2012\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u51fa\u53f0\u4e86&ldquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.cn\/zwgk\/2012-02\/16\/content_2067664.htm\">\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u5173\u4e8e\u5b9e\u65bd\u6700\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u610f\u89c1<\/a>&rdquo;\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u65e5\u76ca\u4e25\u5cfb\u7684\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u6311\u6218\u3002\u8fd9\u4efd\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a&ldquo;\u4e09\u6761\u7ea2\u7ebf&rdquo;\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u5305\u62ec\uff1a1\uff09\u52302030\u5e74\u5168\u56fd\u7528\u6c34\u603b\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u57287000\u4ebf\u7acb\u65b9\u7c73\u4ee5\u5185\uff1b2\uff09\u52302030\u5e74\u7528\u6c34\u6548\u7387\u8fbe\u5230\u6216\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e16\u754c\u5148\u8fdb\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u4e3a\u4e07\u5143\u5de5\u4e1a\u589e\u52a0\u503c\u7528\u6c34\u91cf\u548c\u519c\u7530\u704c\u6e89\u6c34\u6709\u6548\u5229\u7528\u7cfb\u6570\u4e24\u4e2a\u6307\u6807\uff1b3\uff09\u52302030\u5e74\u4e3b\u8981\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u5165\u6cb3\u6e56\u603b\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u5728\u6c34\u529f\u80fd\u533a\u7eb3\u6c61\u80fd\u529b\u8303\u56f4\u4e4b\u5185\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u53d1\u5e03\u6587\u4ef6\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u76f8\u5e94\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002&shy;&shy;<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9&ldquo;\u4e09\u6761\u7ea2\u7ebf&rdquo;\u662f\u5426\u6539\u5584\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7528\u6c34\u5b89\u5168\uff1f \u4e16\u754c\u8d44\u6e90\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5229\u7528\u4e09\u5e74\uff082001\u5e74\uff0c2010\u5e74\u548c2015\u5e74\uff09\u7684\u7528\u6c34\u6570\u636e\u5bf9\u5168\u56fd\u57fa\u51c6\u6c34\u538b\u529b\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5206\u6790\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wri.org.cn\/sites\/default\/files\/BASELINE%20WATER%20STRESS-%20CHINA_Chinese.pdf\">\u57fa\u51c6\u6c34\u538b\u529b<\/a>\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u5e74\u5ea6\u603b\u7528\u6c34\u91cf\uff08\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u5de5\u4e1a\u548c\u519c\u4e1a\uff09\u5360\u5e74\u5ea6\u53ef\u7528\u5730\u8868\u6c34\u603b\u91cf\u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u3002\u6570\u503c\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u8d8a\u6fc0\u70c8&mdash;&mdash;\u6570\u503c\u9ad8\u4e8e40\uff05\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f&ldquo;\u9ad8\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u538b\u529b&rdquo;\uff0c\u6570\u503c\u9ad8\u4e8e80\uff05\u4e3a&ldquo;\u6781\u9ad8&rdquo;\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/chinadialogue-production.s3.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/content_image\/content_image\/4056\/Screen_Shot_2018-06-06_at_15.13.24.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/chinadialogue-production.s3.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/content_image\/content_image\/4056\/Screen_Shot_2018-06-06_at_15.13.24.png\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 100%;\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n<span class=\"caption\">\u56fe1\uff1a2015_2010_2001\u6c34\u538b\u529b\u5730\u56fe\uff0c\u6c34\u538b\u529b\u4ece\u4f4e\u5230\u9ad8\u5206\u4e3a\u4e94\u7c7b\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u7c7b\u4e3a\u5e72\u65f1\u548c\u4f4e\u7528\u6c34\u91cf<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u8d8b\u52bf\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4ece2001\u5e74\u52302015\u5e74\uff0c\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u538b\u529b\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e00\u76f4\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5317\u65b9\u6bd4\u4e2d\u56fd\u5357\u65b9\u7684\u7f3a\u6c34\u538b\u529b\u66f4\u5927\u3002\u4e0e2010\u5e74\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u968f\u7740&ldquo;\u4e09\u6761\u7ea2\u7ebf&rdquo;\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\uff0c2015\u5e74\u4e2d\u56fd\u9762\u4e34\u9ad8\u6c34\u538b\u529b\u5730\u533a\u7684\u603b\u9762\u79ef\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>2010-2015\u5e74\uff0c\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u9ad8\u538b\u6c34\u538b\u529b\u5730\u533a\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u589e\u52a0\u4e863\uff05\u3002\u4e0e2001-2010\u5e74\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u9ec4\u6cb3\u4e0a\u6e38\u548c\u957f\u6c5f\u4e0a\u6e38\u5730\u533a\u7684\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u538b\u529b\u6709\u6240\u51cf\u8f7b\uff0c\u800c\u9ec4\u6cb3\u4e0b\u6e38\u5730\u533a\u7684\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u538b\u529b\u52a0\u5267\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u538b\u529b\u52a0\u5267\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5728\u51cf\u7f13\uff1a\u5c3d\u7ba1\u56e0\u4e3a\u5404\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u7528\u6c34\u9700\u6c42\u589e\u52a0\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u538b\u529b\u57282001\u5e74\u81f32010\u5e74\u671f\u95f4\u52a0\u5267\uff0c\u4f462015\u5e74\u7684\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u538b\u529b\u5730\u56fe\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u60c5\u51b5\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u5730\u533a\u5f00\u59cb\u6709\u6240\u6539\u5584\u3002\u57282010-2015\u5e74\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u9ad8\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u538b\u529b\u7684\u5730\u533a\u7684\u9762\u79ef\u589e\u52a0\u51cf\u7f13\u3002\u8fd9\u4e94\u5e74\u671f\u95f4\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u538b\u529b\u52a0\u5267\u7684\u5730\u533a\u603b\u9762\u79ef\u4ec5\u4e3a\u524d\u5341\u5e74\uff082001-2010\u5e74\uff09\u768435\uff05\u3002<br \/>\n\t&nbsp;<\/li>\n<li>\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u533a\u7684\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u538b\u529b\u5f97\u5230\u6539\u5584\uff1a 2010-2015\u5e74\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u538b\u529b\u5f97\u5230\u7f13\u548c\u7684\u5730\u533a\u603b\u9762\u79ef\u662f2010-2010\u5e74\u7684\u95f4\u603b\u9762\u79ef\u768410\u500d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/chinadialogue-production.s3.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/content_image\/content_image\/4053\/Screen_Shot_2018-06-06_at_15.13.13.png\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 100%;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"caption\">\u56fe2\uff1a\u4e24\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\uff082001-2010\u548c2010-2015\uff09\u6c34\u538b\u529b\u52a0\u91cd\u548c\u51cf\u8f7b\u7684\u5730\u533a\uff08\u5de6\u56fe\u4e3a\u6c34\u538b\u529b\u52a0\u91cd\uff0c\u53f3\u56fe\u4e3a\u6c34\u538b\u529b\u51cf\u8f7b\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e2d\u90e8\u538b\u529b\u4e0b\u964d\uff1a\u5982\u4e0a\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5404\u7701\u4e4b\u95f4\u548c\u7701\u5185\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u7a7a\u95f4\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e2d\u90e8\u5404\u7701\u7684\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u538b\u529b\u57282001-2010\u5e74\u671f\u95f4\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4e0e<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rimisp.org\/wp-content\/files_mf\/1473279216202_FH_Liao_YD_Wei.pdf\">\u540c\u671f\u7684\u533a\u57df\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5feb\u901f\u589e\u957f<\/a>\u540c\u6b65\u3002\u81ea2010\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u884c\u4e1a\u7528\u6c34\u91cf\u7684\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u6d41\u57df\u7684\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u538b\u529b\u6c34\u5e73\u5df2\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0b\u964d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n\u8fd9\u4e9b\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5728\u5730\u65b9\u5c42\u9762\u6709\u6240\u663e\u73b0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e0e2010\u5e74\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c2015\u5e74\u4e2d\u56fd\u56db\u5ddd\u7701\u6500\u679d\u82b1\u5e02\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u7528\u6c34\u91cf\u4e0b\u964d\u4e8631\uff05\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u53d8\u5316\u662f\u7531\u6500\u679d\u82b1\u5e02\u653f\u5e9c\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u6fc0\u52b1\u63aa\u65bd\u6240\u63a8\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u8be5\u63aa\u65bd\u65e8\u5728\u786e\u4fdd<a 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