{"id":70183,"date":"2021-02-18T15:59:19","date_gmt":"2021-02-18T15:59:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chinadialogue.net\/?p=70183"},"modified":"2021-02-18T15:59:29","modified_gmt":"2021-02-18T15:59:29","slug":"70183","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/zh\/2\/70183\/","title":{"rendered":"\u56fe\u8bf4\u68d5\u6988\u6cb9\u5de5\u4e1a\u53f2"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u4e3a\u6ee1\u8db3\u5168\u7403\u5bf9\u68d5\u6988\u6cb9\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u6cb9\u68d5\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u70ed\u5e26\u5730\u533a\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u79cd\u690d\uff0c\u4ec5\u53bb\u5e74\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u68d5\u6988\u6cb9\u4ea7\u91cf\u5c31\u9ad8\u8fbe7600\u4e07\u5428<\/a>\u3002\u4e00\u8bf4\u5230\u68d5\u6988\u6cb9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u5c31\u4f1a\u628a\u5b83\u548c\u68ee\u6797\u780d\u4f10\u3001\u5355\u4e00\u79cd\u690d\u548c\u4f01\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236\u4e0b\u7684\u4f9b\u5e94\u94fe\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e0e\u6700\u521d\u4ee5\u793e\u533a\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u68d5\u6988\u6cb9\u751f\u4ea7\u5927\u76f8\u5f84\u5ead\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

19\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u68d5\u6988\u6cb9\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u897f\u975e\u624b\u5de5\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u3002\u6cb9\u68d5\u539f\u4ea7\u897f\u975e\uff0c\u51e0\u5343\u5e74\u6765\u90fd\u662f\u5f53\u5730\u5c45\u6c11\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206<\/a>\u3002\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u5bfc\u81f4\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u68d5\u6988\u6cb9\u9700\u6c42\u5927\u5e45\u6500\u5347\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u68d5\u6988\u6cb9\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u4f9b\u5e94\uff0c\u6cb9\u68d5\u79cd\u690d\u56ed\u4fbf\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u8d2f\u7a7f\u6574\u4e2a\u6b96\u6c11\u65f6\u671f\u548c\u4e8c\u6218\u540e\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u5916\u56fd\u6295\u8d44\u4ee5\u727a\u7272\u571f\u8457\u5c45\u6c11\u3001\u68ee\u6797\u73af\u5883\u548c\u91ce\u751f\u52a8\u690d\u7269\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u79cd\u690d\u56ed\u6269\u5f20\u3002\u5982\u4eca\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0e\u90a3\u65f6\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u592a\u5927\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4f01\u4e1a\u884c\u4e3a\u6b63\u65e5\u76ca\u53d7\u5230\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u6784\u3001\u4e70\u5bb6\u548c\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u65e5\u76ca\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u5ba1\u89c6\u3002\u800c\u5bf9\u4f01\u4e1a\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u5546\u4e1a\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6784\u6210\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u6b63\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u65e9\u671f\u8d38\u6613\u4e0e\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

15\u4e16\u7eaa\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u5230\u8fbe\u51e0\u5185\u4e9a\u6d77\u5cb8\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u7684\u68d5\u6988\u6cb9\u6d88\u8d39\u91cf\u5f88\u5927\u3002\u5f53\u6b27\u6d32\u5546\u4eba\u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u7f8e\u6d32\u8d29\u5356\u5974\u96b6\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u8d2d\u4e70\u68d5\u6988\u6cb9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u201c\u4eba\u8d27\u201d\u7684\u98df\u7269\u3002\u57281807\u5e74\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u5974\u96b6\u8d38\u6613\u88ab\u53d6\u7f14<\/a>\u540e\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u9f13\u52b1\u5546\u4eba\u5229\u7528\u4e0e\u897f\u975e\u5185\u9646\u5546\u4eba\u7684\u65e2\u6709\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5c06\u68d5\u6988\u6cb9\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u8d38\u6613\u5546\u54c1\u30021845\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5e9f\u9664\u4e86\u68d5\u6988\u6cb9\u5173\u7a0e\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u9f13\u52b1\u8fd9\u4e00\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"palm<\/div>
\u5c3c\u65e5\u5229\u4e9a\u5883\u5185\u7684\u5361\u62c9\u5df4\u5c14\u6cb3\uff08Calabar River\uff09\u66fe\u7ecf\u662f\u5974\u96b6\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u5974\u96b6\u4eec\u4ece\u5185\u9646\u7ecf\u7531\u8fd9\u91cc\u88ab\u201c\u8f93\u9001\u201d\u5230\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u5bf9\u5cb8\u7684\u7f8e\u6d32\u3002\u5974\u96b6\u8d38\u6613\u88ab\u53d6\u7f14\u540e\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u68d5\u6988\u6cb9\u5de5\u5382\u7684\u5361\u62c9\u5df4\u5c14\u6e2f\u5c31\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u897f\u975e\u68d5\u6988\u6cb9\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u67a2\u7ebd\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aThe Congo and the Founding of its Free State, Henry Morton Stanley, 1885, p. 232\u3002\u6570\u7801\u5f71\u50cf\uff1aUniversity of California Libraries<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u523019\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u68d5\u6988\u6cb9\u867d\u7136\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u8bb8\u591a\u897f\u975e\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u51fa\u53e3\u5546\u54c1\uff0c\u4f46\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u534a\u91ce\u751f\u68d5\u6988\u6811\u6797\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u624b\u5de5\u52a0\u5de5\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u68d5\u6988\u6cb9\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u5dee\u5f02\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u4f9b\u5e94\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u68d5\u6988\u6cb9\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a19\u4e16\u7eaa\u6b27\u6d32\u201c\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u8f66\u8f6e\u7684\u6da6\u6ed1\u5242\u201d\u3002\u5236\u9020\u5546\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u68d5\u6988\u6cb9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6bd4\u52a8\u7269\u8102\u80aa\u8721\u66f4\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u80a5\u7682\u548c\u8721\u70db\u539f\u6599\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u68d5\u6988\u6cb9\u80a5\u7682\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6ce1\u6cab\u66f4\u4ee4\u4eba\u6ee1\u610f\uff0c\u68d5\u6988\u6cb9\u8721\u70db\u71c3\u70e7\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u6c14\u5473\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u68d5\u6988\u6cb9\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u7528\u4f5c\u7ed9\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u96f6\u4ef6\u4e0a\u6cb9\u548c\u9521\u677f\u751f\u4ea7\u65f6\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u6da6\u6ed1\u5242\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b0\u7528\u9014\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u589e\u957f\u548c\u57ce\u5e02\u5316\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u52a0\u901f\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u897f\u975e\u4f20\u7edf\u751f\u4ea7\u4f53\u7cfb\u96be\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u6b27\u6d32\u5feb\u901f\u4e0a\u6da8\u7684\u68d5\u6988\u6cb9\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4ece\u8fd9\u65f6\u8d77\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5f00\u59cb\u52a0\u5927\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Lever<\/div>
\u82f1\u56fd\u80a5\u7682\u5236\u9020\u5546\u5229\u534e\u5144\u5f1f\u5f88\u65e9\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528\u68d5\u6988\u6cb9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u751f\u4ea7\u539f\u6599\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u5f201897\u5e74\u62cd\u6444\u4e8e\u5229\u7269\u6d66\u7684\u7167\u7247\u4e2d\uff0c\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u6876\u5305\u62ec\u4ece\u897f\u975e\u8fdb\u53e3\u7684\u68d5\u6988\u6cb9\u548c\u575a\u679c\u5728\u5185\u7684\u5236\u7682\u539f\u6599\u88ab\u4ece\u8239\u4e0a\u5378\u4e0b\u540e\u88ab\u6574\u9f50\u5730\u6392\u653e\u5728\u7801\u5934\u4e0a\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aHenry Bedford Lemere \/ Alamy<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u5229\u534e\u4f11\u59c6\u52cb\u7235\u7684\u79cd\u690d\u56ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u897f\u975e\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f00\u8f9f\u4eba\u5de5\u79cd\u690d\u56ed\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u6848\u4f8b<\/a>\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5229\u7269\u6d66\u5229\u534e\u5144\u5f1f\u516c\u53f8\uff08Lever Brothers\uff09\u7684\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u5229\u534e\uff08William Lever\uff09\u5c24\u5176\u6e34\u671b\u83b7\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6cb9\u68d5\u7279\u8bb8\u7ecf\u8425\u6743\u571f\u5730\u3002\u8fd9\u4f4d\u82f1\u56fd\u5546\u4eba\u786e\u4fe1\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u53ef\u63a7\u7684\u3001\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u624d\u662f\u68d5\u6988\u6cb9\u5546\u4e1a\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

20\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u5229\u534e\u8bd5\u56fe\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u6b96\u6c11\u90e8\uff08British Colonial Office\uff09\u8c08\u5224<\/a>\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u585e\u62c9\u5229\u6602\u3001\u5c3c\u65e5\u5229\u4e9a\u548c\u52a0\u7eb3\uff08\u5f53\u65f6\u4e3a\u897f\u975e\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u83b7\u5f97\u571f\u5730\u6765\u5efa\u8bbe\u68d5\u6988\u6cb9\u7279\u8bb8\u7ecf\u8425\u79cd\u690d\u56ed\u3002\u6b96\u6c11\u90e8\u5bf9\u5229\u534e\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u5f88\u8c28\u614e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u5784\u65ad\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u963b\u788d\u5229\u534e\u516c\u53f8\u83b7\u53d6\u571f\u5730\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u5229\u534e\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u5f53\u5c40\u7684\u9080\u8bf7\uff0c\u5728\u521a\u679c\u81ea\u7531\u90a6\uff08\u73b0\u4e3a\u521a\u679c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5171\u548c\u56fd\uff09\u5f00\u8bbe\u4e86\u68d5\u6988\u6cb9\u7279\u8bb8\u7ecf\u8425\u79cd\u690d\u56ed\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Porters<\/div>
\u8c61\u7259\u4e3a\u6b27\u6d32\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u5265\u524a\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u7684\u725f\u5229\u624b\u6bb5\u30021805\u5e74\u524d\u540e\uff0c\u8c61\u7259\u8d38\u6613\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5728\u521a\u679c\u5c24\u5176\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u56fe\u4e3a\u4e00\u7fa4\u62ff\u7740\u8c61\u7259\u7684\u642c\u8fd0\u5de5\u7ad9\u5728\u6cb9\u68d5\u6811\u524d\uff0c\u4e8e1909\u5e74\u62cd\u6444\u4e8e\u521a\u679c\u4e0a\u97e6\u83b1\u5730\u533a\uff08Haut-Uele\uff09\u7684\u963f\u74e6\u5e93\u6bd4\uff08Avakubi\uff09\u9644\u8fd1\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aHerbert Lang & James P. Chapin<\/a>, American Museum of Natural History<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u6bd4\u5c5e\u521a\u679c\u68d5\u6988\u6cb9\u5382\uff08Huileries du Congo Belge\uff09\u6210\u7acb\u4e8e1911\u5e74\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u5229\u534e\u4e0e\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u653f\u5e9c\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u6388\u4e88\u4e86\u4ed6 75\u4e07\u516c\u9877\u7684\u571f\u5730\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8be5\u9879\u76ee\u6210\u529f\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u673a\u68b0\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u68d5\u6988\u6cb9\u538b\u69a8\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f46\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u5efa\u8bbe\u6210\u672c\u9ad8\u6602\u4e14\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7f13\u6162\uff0c\u5411\u6b27\u6d32\u51fa\u53e3\u68d5\u6988\u679c\u548c\u68d5\u6988\u6cb9\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bb6\u5408\u8d44\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e5f\u672a\u80fd\u5438\u5f15\u5230\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u6765\u91c7\u6458\u68d5\u6988\u679c\u548c\u5728\u5de5\u5382\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u4e0e\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u5f3a\u884c\u62db\u52df\u521a\u679c\u4eba\u4ece\u4e8b\u52b3\u52a8<\/a>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u79cd\u690d\u56ed\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u5229\u534e\u7279\u8bb8\u79cd\u690d\u56ed\u7684\u76c8\u5229\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u8ba9\u4ed6\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u8de8\u56fd\u516c\u53f8\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u540e\u6765\u7684\u8054\u5408\u5229\u534e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Palm<\/div>
\u5229\u534e\u6210\u529f\u5730\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u4e94\u4e2a\u521a\u679c\u7279\u8bb8\u7ecf\u8425\u533a\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u673a\u68b0\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u68d5\u6988\u6cb9\u538b\u69a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u91d1\u6bd4\u5170\u8d21\u675c\uff08Kimbilangundu\uff09\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u5957\uff0c\u7167\u7247\u62cd\u6444\u4e8e1955\u5e74\u3002\u5728\u91d1\u6bd4\u5170\u8d21\u675c\u4e0b\u6e38\u7684\u5229\u534e\u7ef4\u5c14<\/a>\uff08Leverville\uff0c\u4eca\u65e5\u7684\u5362\u6851\u52a0\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u66fe\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5229\u534e\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u9633\u5149\u6e2f\u7684\u5de5\u5382\u4e3a\u5de5\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u4f4f\u5bbf\u7684\u793a\u8303\u6751\u3002\u7136\u800c\u6253\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u8d77\uff0c\u6bd4\u5c5e\u521a\u679c\u68d5\u6988\u6cb9\u5382\u5c31\u56e0\u66b4\u529b\u3001\u9965\u997f\u3001\u75be\u75c5\u548c\u4f4e\u4e0b\u7684\u76c8\u5229\u80fd\u529b\u9677\u5165\u7a98\u5883\u3002 \u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aHenri Nicola\u00ef \/ Belgeo<\/a>, CC BY<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u540e\u6765\u5c45\u4e0a\u7684\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u662f\u5168\u7403\u68d5\u6988\u6cb9\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u5370\u5c3c\u548c\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u7684\u68d5\u6988\u6cb9\u4ea7\u91cf\u7ea6\u5360\u5168\u7403\u4f9b\u5e94\u91cf\u768485\uff05<\/a>\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6cb9\u68d5\u662f\u57281848\u5e74\u540e\u624d\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u7684\u3002\u90a3\u5e74\u8377\u5170\u690d\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u5728\u5370\u5c3c\u722a\u54c7\u5c9b\u7684\u8302\u7269\u7684\u690d\u7269\u56ed\u91cc\u79cd\u4e0b\u4e86\u56db\u68f5\u6cb9\u68d5\u6811\u82d7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Postcard<\/div>
\u5728\u5370\u5c3c\u548c\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u6cb9\u68d5\u79cd\u690d\u56ed\u5927\u5f00\u53d1\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u534a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u91cc\uff0c\u6cb9\u68d5\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u79cd\u690d\u5728\u8857\u9053\u4e24\u65c1\u3001\u516c\u56ed\u91cc\u3001\u884c\u653f\u5927\u697c\u548c\u6c11\u5c45\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u89c2\u8d4f\u690d\u7269\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u5f201904\u5e74\u62cd\u6444\u7684\u7167\u7247\u4e2d\uff0c\u6cb9\u68d5\u88c5\u70b9\u7740\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u67d4\u4f5b\u5dde\u65b0\u5c71\u5e02\u82cf\u4e39\u5bab\u6bbf\u7684\u82b1\u56ed\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aThe New York Public Library \/ Alamy<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u79cd\u690d\u56ed\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u53d1\u5c55\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4e0e\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u963f\u5fb7\u91cc\u5b89\u00b7\u54c8\u96f7\u7279\uff08Adrien Hallet\uff09\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u4ed6\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u521a\u679c\u7684\u6a61\u80f6\u8d38\u6613\u4e60\u5f97\u4e86\u6cb9\u68d5\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u79cd\u690d\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c<\/a>\u3002\u54c8\u96f7\u7279\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u5370\u5c3c\u7684\u89c2\u8d4f\u68d5\u6988\u6811\u6bd4\u975e\u6d32\u7684\u68d5\u6988\u6811\u7ed3\u679c\u66f4\u591a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u79cd\u690d\u68d5\u6988\u690d\u7269\uff0c\u5e76\u5f00\u59cb\u7740\u624b\u5efa\u7acb\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u79cd\u690d\u56ed\u30021911\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u5728\u82cf\u95e8\u7b54\u814a\u7684Poeloe Radja\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6cb9\u68d5\u79cd\u690d\u56ed\u3002\u7136\u540e\u57281917\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e24\u540d\u6cd5\u56fd\u79cd\u690d\u56ed\u4e3b\u5728\u96ea\u5170\u83aa\u5dde\uff08Selangor\uff09\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5546\u4e1a\u79cd\u690d\u56ed\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5916\u56fd\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u5370\u5c3c\u7684\u201c\u95e8\u6237\u5f00\u653e\u201d\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u52301936\u5e74\u82cf\u95e8\u7b54\u814a\u7684\u68d5\u6988\u6cb9\u51fa\u53e3\u91cf\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d85\u8fc7\u5c3c\u65e5\u5229\u4e9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"A<\/div>
20\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u68d5\u6988\u6cb9\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5728\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u5f2020\u4e16\u7eaa30\u5e74\u4ee3\u62cd\u6444\u7684\u7167\u7247\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9a6c\u6765\u4e9a\u5c0f\u6751\u5e84\u88ab\u65b0\u79cd\u690d\u7684\u6cb9\u68d5\u5305\u56f4\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aThe\u00a0National Archives<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u5f53\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u540e\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u7269\u5929\u7136\u6a61\u80f6\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u68d5\u6988\u6cb9\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u591a\u6837\u5316\u7ecf\u8425\u7684\u7edd\u4f73\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u7259\u76f4\u5229\uff08 Guthrie\uff09\u3001\u5df4\u7f57\uff08Barlow\uff09\u548c\u54c8\u96f7\u7279\u7684\u7d22\u82ac\uff08Socfin\uff09\u7b49\u79cd\u690d\u56ed\u516c\u53f8\u5c06\u539f\u6709\u7684\u6a61\u80f6\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u7528\u4e8e\u6cb9\u68d5\u79cd\u690d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u516c\u53f8\u4e3a\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7684\u96c6\u7ea6\u5316\u6cb9\u68d5\u519c\u4e1a\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u52301939\u5e74\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7206\u53d1\u65f6\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\u548c\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u7684\u79cd\u690d\u56ed\u603b\u9762\u79ef\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d85\u8fc710\u4e07\u516c\u9877<\/a>\uff0c\u800c\u7d22\u82ac\u548c\u7259\u76f4\u5229\u63a7\u5236\u7740\u5168\u7403\u68d5\u6988\u6cb9\u4f9b\u5e94\u768450\uff05\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u72ec\u7acb\u4e4b\u8def<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u68d5\u6988\u6cb9\u4ea7\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u73af\u5883\u6076\u5316\u3002\u968f\u7740\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u548c\u9a6c\u516d\u7532\u7b49\u4e3b\u8981\u5546\u4e1a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u88ab\u65e5\u672c\u5360\u9886\uff0c\u68d5\u6988\u6cb9\u4f9b\u5e94\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u6447\u6447\u6b32\u5760\u3002\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u5458\u8981\u4e48\u653e\u5f03\u804c\u5b88\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u88ab\u62d8\u7981\uff0c\u8d38\u6613\u8def\u7ebf\u88ab\u5c01\u9501\uff0c\u79cd\u690d\u56ed\u4e5f\u9762\u4e34\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u77ed\u7f3a\u3002\u68d5\u6988\u6cb9\u51fa\u53e3\u91cf\u53ea\u5360\u6218\u524d\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u5f88\u5c0f\u4e00\u90e8\u5206<\/a>\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6218\u540e\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u7684\u51fa\u53e3\u91cf\u5feb\u901f\u56de\u5347\uff0c\u4f46\u5370\u5c3c\u8d38\u6613\u91cf\u7684\u6062\u590d\u5374\u82b1\u4e86\u5c06\u8fd1\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u6b96\u6c11\u6269\u5f20\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u5c45\u6c11\u90fd\u4ed8\u51fa\u4e86\u6781\u9ad8\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u5fcd\u53d7\u7740\u88ab\u5f3a\u52a0\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5f3a\u8feb\u52b3\u52a8\u548c\u5bf9\u7956\u5148\u571f\u5730\u7684\u4fb5\u5360\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5265\u524a\u751a\u81f3\u4e00\u76f4\u6301\u7eed\u5230\u4eca\u5929<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6570\u5341\u4e07\u6765\u81ea\u4e2d\u56fd\u5357\u90e8\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u4e5f\u906d\u53d7\u4e86\u5265\u524a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u88ab\u5b9a\u5411\u6d3e\u5f80\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\u7684\u5916\u8d44\u79cd\u690d\u56ed\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c \u201c\u82e6\u529b\u201d\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u7ecf\u7531\u201c\u5951\u7ea6\u201d\uff08indenture\uff09\u53c2\u4e0e\u52b3\u52a8<\/a>\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u503a\u52a1\u6346\u7ed1\u548c\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u5f3a\u8feb\u52b3\u52a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Ruins<\/div>
1945\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u82cf\u52a0\u8bfa\u603b\u7edf\u5ba3\u5e03\u5370\u5c3c\u72ec\u7acb\u540e\uff0c\u65b0\u751f\u7684\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u4e0e\u8377\u5170\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u6b66\u88c5\u6597\u4e89\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u8377\u5170\u4f01\u4e1a\u906d\u5230\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f4d\u4e8e\u82cf\u95e8\u7b54\u814a\u5c9b\u5df4\u90bb\u65c1\uff08Palembang\uff09\u7684\u6a61\u80f6\u79cd\u690d\u56ed\uff0c\u5176\u5efa\u7b51\u57281947\u5e74\u88ab\u5370\u5c3c\u519b\u961f\u6467\u6bc1\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aThe British Newspaper Archive \/ Alamy<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u4e8c\u6218\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u65e5\u519b\u7528\u201c\u4e9a\u6d32\u4eba\u7684\u4e9a\u6d32\u201d\uff08Asia untuk orang Asia\uff09\u7b49\u53e3\u53f7\u53d1\u8d77\u5ba3\u4f20\u653b\u52bf\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u957f\u671f\u5265\u524a\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u52bf\u529b\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\u4e8e1945\u5e74\u5ba3\u5e03\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u3002\u5728\u82cf\u52a0\u8bfa\u603b\u7edf\u65e5\u76ca\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u653f\u7b56\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b<\/a>\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5916\u8d44\u79cd\u690d\u56ed\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u653f\u5e9c\u652f\u6301\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u5ba3\u5e03\u72ec\u7acb\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u4e71\u671f\u95f4\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u88ad\u51fb\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u6cb9\u68d5\u79cd\u690d\u4e1a\u4e5f\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u5219\u76f8\u5f53\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u540e\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u98df\u54c1\u90e8\u627f\u8bfa\u53ea\u4ece\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u8d2d\u4e70\u68d5\u6988\u6cb9\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e3a\u8be5\u56fd\u68d5\u6988\u6cb9\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u590d\u82cf\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u652f\u6301\u3002 1957\u5e74\u72ec\u7acb\u540e\uff0c\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u65b0\u653f\u5e9c\u4ecd\u7136\u652f\u6301\u5916\u56fd\u6295\u8d44\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5229\u7528\u68d5\u6988\u6cb9\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u8054\u90a6\u571f\u5730\u53d1\u5c55\u5c40<\/a>\uff08Federal Land Development Authority\uff0cFELDA\uff09\uff0c\u5c06\u571f\u5730\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u519c\u6c11\u8fdb\u884c\u5f00\u53d1\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2aFELDA\u5b9a\u5c45\u8005\u90fd\u88ab\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u56db\u516c\u9877\u7684\u571f\u5730<\/a>\u6765\u79cd\u690d\u6cb9\u68d5\u6216\u6a61\u80f6\uff0c\u5916\u52a0\u4e00\u95f4\u5c0f\u6728\u5c4b\u548c\u7528\u6765\u79cd\u690d\u852c\u83dc\u7684\u571f\u5730\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f7f\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u6210\u4e3a\u5168\u7403\u9886\u5148\u7684\u68d5\u6988\u6cb9\u51fa\u53e3\u56fd\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u94f6\u884c\u548c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u8131\u8d2b\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n
\"Boy<\/div>
\u4e0e\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u5728\u4e8c\u6218\u540e\u518d\u6b21\u88ab\u82f1\u56fd\u81f3\u4e8e\u6b96\u6c11\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u5f53\u5c40\u9f13\u52b1\u6295\u8d44\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u6cb9\u68d5\u79cd\u690d\u56ed\u5728\u519c\u6751\u5730\u533a\u7ee7\u7eed\u6269\u5f20\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u534a\u5c9b\u4e1c\u5317\u90e8\u7684\u5409\u5170\u4e39\u5dde\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aThe National Archives<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\"Watering<\/div>
\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u8054\u90a6\u571f\u5730\u53d1\u5c55\u5c40\u901a\u8fc7\u4e16\u754c\u94f6\u884c\u3001\u4e9a\u6d32\u5f00\u53d1\u94f6\u884c\u3001\u6c99\u7279\u57fa\u91d1\u3001\u79d1\u5a01\u7279\u57fa\u91d1\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u6d77\u5916\u53d1\u5c55\u57fa\u91d1\u7684\u8d37\u6b3e\u6765\u5f00\u53d1\u53ef\u4f9b\u6cb9\u68d5\u79cd\u690d\u7684\u571f\u5730\u3002 \u7167\u7247\u6240\u5c55\u73b0\u76841969\u5e74\u7684\u589e\u5361\u4e09\u89d2\u8ba1\u5212\uff08the Jengka Triangle Program\uff09\u780d\u4f10\u4e861.2\u4e07\u516c\u9877\u7684\u68ee\u6797\uff0c\u662f\u8be5\u56fd\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u53d1\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aMary Hill \/ World Bank<\/a>, CC BY NC SA<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u68d5\u6988\u6cb9\u5927\u7e41\u8363<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u6574\u4e2a20\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u540e\u6b96\u6c11\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u897f\u975e\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u52bf\u6076\u5316\u5bfc\u81f4\u68d5\u6988\u6cb9\u51fa\u53e3\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u800c\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u68d5\u6988\u6cb9\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u66fe\u5728\u897f\u975e\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u7eb7\u7eb7\u524d\u5f80\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u68d5\u6988\u6cb9\u884c\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u5e76\u6269\u5927\u4e86\u5c0f\u519c\u751f\u4ea7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

20\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u5370\u5c3c\u8fdb\u5165\u82cf\u54c8\u6258\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0b\u7684\u201c\u65b0\u79e9\u5e8f\u201d<\/a>\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5f00\u59cb\u5168\u529b\u652f\u6301\u5916\u56fd\u516c\u53f8\u53ca\u6295\u8d44\u8fdb\u5165\u6cb9\u68d5\u5f00\u53d1\u3002\u523070\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5370\u5c3c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e86\u5927\u7ea615\u4e07\u516c\u9877\u7684\u79cd\u690d\u56ed\u3002\u968f\u7740\u4e16\u754c\u94f6\u884c\u548c\u4e9a\u6d32\u5f00\u53d1\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6295\u8d44\uff0c\u52301985\u5e74\u8fd9\u4e00\u6570\u5b57\u5df2\u589e\u52a0\u523060\u4e07\u516c\u9877\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Workers<\/div>
\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\u4e5f\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u6cb9\u68d5\u5f00\u53d1\u3002\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u5f00\u53d1\u534f\u4f1a\uff08International Development Association\uff09\u5411\u5df4\u5e03\u4e9a\u65b0\u51e0\u5185\u4e9a\u63d0\u4f9b\u8d37\u6b3e\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u5f53\u5730\u6e05\u7406\u571f\u5730\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u519c\u4e1a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u6cb9\u68d5\u79cd\u690d\u56ed\u3001\u517b\u725b\u4e1a\u548c\u6930\u5b50\u79cd\u690d\u56ed\u7b49\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aRay Witlin \/ World Bank<\/a>, CC BY NC SA<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6269\u5f20\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u6574\u4e2a\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u90fd\u5728\u4ee5\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u780d\u4f10\u68ee\u6797\uff0c\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684\u6cb9\u68d5\u79cd\u690d\u56ed\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5f00\u53d1\u9879\u76ee\u8ba9\u8def\u3002\u68d5\u6988\u6cb9\u884c\u4e1a\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u571f\u5730\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u793e\u533a\u6d41\u79bb\u5931\u6240<\/a>\uff0c\u8fd9\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u68ee\u6797\u548c\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u635f\u5931\u66f4\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f30\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u81ea\u4ece\u68d5\u6988\u6cb9\u8d38\u6613\u88ab\u4f01\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u51b2\u7a81\u5c31\u548c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5546\u54c1\u5982\u5f71\u968f\u5f62\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u68d5\u6988\u6cb9\u516c\u53f8\u51e0\u4e4e\u603b\u662f\u5c06\u5229\u6da6\u7f6e\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u798f\u7949\u548c\u73af\u5883\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u5e9c\u4e5f\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4e3a\u5916\u56fd\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u77ed\u671f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6536\u76ca\u800c\u653e\u5f03\u4fdd\u62a4\u672c\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8003\u8651\u5230\u539f\u4f4f\u4eba\u6c11\u3001\u5f53\u5730\u793e\u7fa4\u548c\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u68d5\u6988\u6cb9\u884c\u4e1a\u624d\u80fd\u88ab\u770b\u505a\u662f\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u8ba4\u8bc1\u68d5\u6988\u6cb9\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\u6b63\u5728\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5229\u6da6\u538b\u69a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u6210\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u884c\u4e1a\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u957f\u7684\u8def\u8981\u8d70\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1aEstelle<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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